Wyrazy pobożności eliańskiej karmelitów w dobie nowożytnej

Author(s): Szymon Sułecki / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2015

Der Prophet Elija gilt in der karmelitanischen Tradition für den geistlichen Stifter des Ordens. Seit Beginn, also der Behauptung des Karmelitenordens im 13. Jahrhundert, ist er der geistliche Führer der Karmeliten. Die Frömmigkeit des Ordens, die an Elija gerichtet wurde, intensivierte sich im 17. Jahrhundert auf der Grundlage der historiographischen Werke der Karmeliten sowie deren Kritik durch Bollandisten. Zu Ausdrücken elianischer Tradition gehörten die Elemente des Ordenskleides und des Ordenswappens, die Ikonografie, die Annahme von Ordensnamen, die Literatur und die Liturgie. /Prorok Eliasz w tradycji karmelitańskiej uchodzi za duchowego założyciela zakonu. Od początków sformalizowania zakonu karmelitów w XIII wieku jest on dla nich przewodnikiem duchowym. Pobożność zakonna skierowana ku Eliaszowi zintensyfikowała się w XVII wieku na skutek karmelitańskich prac historiograficznych, a także ich krytyki przez bollandystów. Wyrazem eliańskiej tradycji były elementy habitu i herbu zakonnego, ikonografia, przybieranie imion zakonnych, piśmiennictwo oraz liturgia.

Българо-полски културни и научни връзки през XIX–XX век на базата на документални източници от Научния архив на БАН

Author(s): Gabriela Vaptzarova,Darina Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The history of Bulgarian-Polish relations from the late 19th and early 20th centuries is quite naturally a subject of study by the scientific community due to some similarities in the destiny of the two nations, full of dramatic struggle for the assertion of independence and identity. From this period and especially after the mid-nineteenth century, when Bulgarians and Poles went through a period of national revival, emerged also feelings of empathy and mutual liking that are still alive today. We focus our attention on the study of a problem: on the basis of sources from the scientific archive of BAS to see how is presented the history of the Bulgarian-Polish scientific relations during the past hundred years in more or less known documentary evidence. The rich source base of the academic fund offers abundant material about the contacts between the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences, the election of scientists from both countries for foreign members, for their personal relationships and joint contributions. The paper outlines the key benchmarks that could orient researchers on the topic for a future study of the variegated documentary heritage.

Роль импортных материалов в создании костюмных комплексов городского населения Молдавского княжества XV—XVII вв.

Author(s): Natalia M. Kalashnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2017

The article analyzes written, graphic and material sources about extensive and active trade relations of the Principality of Moldavia that played an important role in formation of costumes worn by various estates in Moldavian cities in 15th—17th century. As the so-called “Tartar route”, one of the most actively used trade routes of 13th—14th century: from German cities to Lviv and Kamianets-Podilskyi and farther to Tighina (Bender) and Black Sea ports of Billhorod-Dnistrovsky and Caffa (Feodosia) constantly became more and more dangerous, merchants gradually ceased to use it and, in late 14th — early 15th centuries, adapted new “Moldavian route” from Krakov and Lviv to Suceava, Galats, Bilhorod and Caffa. Thus, it were Krakov and Lviv that secured Moldavian trade with Poland, Germany, Flanders, and Italy. Due to this route and arrival of oriental and, later, western imported materials (textiles, jewelery, etc.) in 16th—17th centuries, the costumes of Moldavian nobility were formed. First, Byzantine (as earlier in time) elements prevailed in these costumes, later to be replaced by West European fashion trends. The former reached Moldavia through neighboring Balkan countries, and the latter through Hungary and Poland.

Черкезкият проблем, руската политика и Българското освобождение

Author(s): Ventsislav Muchinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2016

In the article, the author seeks the interrelation between two historic processes that seem to be independent of each other – the final conquest of the North Caucasus by the Russian army in the years after the Crimean War and the events that led to the Bulgarian liberation in 1878. The “linking point” between these two processes is the massive resettlement of the Circassian tribes from the Northwest Caucasus within the Ottoman Empire, including the Bulgarian lands under Ottoman rule – a resettlement that occupies an important place in the policy of the Russian rulers not only with regard to the Caucasus region but also against the Ottoman Empire and its possessions in the Balkans.

Зараждане, особености и основоположници на турския национализъм и зависимостта му от ислямски стереотипи: от младоосманците до Ататюрк

Author(s): Plamen Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2016

Turkish nationalism is the ideology of the young Turks, through which they want to replace the “ideology” of the Ottoman Empire, built mainly on Islamic religion, and the imperial form of statehood. They aspire and succeed in consolidating nationalism as the official doctrine of the new republic and forming a new society. The Young Turks, along with the Kemalists, as well as nationalism, resort to secularism to overturn the Ottoman world and give the new state a different nature, as well as to show it modernized to the world, but in essence they cannot escape the long-lasting tradition of their country, in which Islam was a major factor shaping its identities. The socio-political Ottoman-Turkish culture is not of a typical European and Western type, where religionism is overthrown as an essential societal factor, and since Islam initially plays such a role far beyond that of a religion, the nationalist transformation is not carried out and maintained as a typical secular one but invariably carries traits of Islamic heritage, although it also desires and perceives important European traits and concepts. In all major nationalist projects traditional stereotypes are found such as: building the new nation as only Turkish, but also Muslim; the unity of the state, resembling the unity of a Turkish “millet”; the fight against once-large ethnic minorities carried out as a fight against “hostile” non- Muslims etc. They are also found in other important projects such as the construction of nationalism itself in the new country or the institution of new citizenship, where the approach is based mainly on a common culture and language, but by default, without official emphasis, understood as Turkish-ethnic, hence with an important Islamic element in it. Thus, even Kemalism, as the last edition of Turkish nationalism, cannot but transpose and impose an approach for the country and the nation with Islamic character, i.e. in favour of the main Turkish-Islamic social group in it, but in clear harm to the non-Islamic groups. Nevertheless, Kemalism, including as nationalism, has given to the country as much as possible a secular, pro-European, and pro-Western character since the time of the Ottoman Empire, while its impugnment over the last decade by the new strong tendency of political Islam in power poses a serious challenge and threat.

Гамза, В. I. Тернівка. Iсторико-етнографічний нарис. Миколаїв, „Іліон“, 2014. 532 с.

Author(s): Inna Manasieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2016

Book Review

Medzi radnicou a kostolom: mestská škola v Bardejove v stredoveku

Author(s): Mária Fedorčáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2017

This article describes the city school and education in Bardejov in the Middle Ages. The development of school and education in Bardejov was strongly connected to the local church. Despite the city’s governance under the school, the education remained religious and teachers associated with ecclesiastical authorities. As the author points out, relation between schoolmaster and parish priest was not always respectable. The article explores educational level, social background and geographical origin of the individual lectors. It focuses on the duties of students, especially within the liturgical life of the parish church. The role of the city and its contribution to the school is described on payments from the town account books.

Czechoslovakism in Mentalities of Košice’s Inhabitants and Its Implementation in the Public Space of the City in the Interwar Era

Author(s): Ondrej Ficeri / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was refused by a large proportion of its inhabitants, mainly from the part of Czechoslovak Germans and Hungarians. Beside them, a certain number of Slovaks rebelled against the state project of Czech and Slovak political elites as well. Some of them preferred to remain in the frame of the historical Hungary because they shared with Hungarians for centuries transmitted cultural patterns and cultural repertoire, the use of which came by implementing the idea of Czechoslovakism to the threat. Rebelling attitudes against Czechoslovak statehood were registered especially in the ethnically heterogeneous regions and cities which were located in the contact zone between the territories with the majority Slovak population on the one side and the minority Hungarian one on the other. Analysing the archival documents, the author of the paper focuses firstly on reactions of indigenous inhabitants of Slovak origin of the city of Košice to the establishment of Czechoslovakia, secondly, on pursuits of the political elites to implement the Czechoslovak state idea in the public space of the city, its successes, failures and tensions between the Czechoslovak and Slovak (autonomous) camps of nationalists. Thirdly, the analysis of the electoral behaviour stands in the spotlight, according to which the majority of local indigenous Slovaks voted the oppositionist parties what indicates that, in the long term, the idea of the Czechoslovak state was refused by these inhabitants. The purpose of the study lies in recognizing differentiated attitudes of the Slovak interwar (mainly urban) society to the Czechoslovak statehood and, hence, in outlining an alternative story to the traditional, in the cultural memory reproduced narrative about the establishment of Czechoslovakia as a “national liberation”.

Kronika

Author(s): Ondřej Jirásek,Adam Górka,Mikuláš Jančura,Martin Počátko,Lucia Tokárová / Language(s): Slovak,English Issue: 2/2017

NEPLÁNOVANÉ PLÁNOVANÉ MESTÁ [UNPLANNED PLANNED CITIES] BRATISLAVA 8. NOVEMBER 2017; VÝSKUM KULTÚRNYCH DEJÍN V STREDNEJ EURÓPE [CULTURAL HISTORY IN CENTRAL EUROPE : PRESENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES] RUŽOMBEROK 7. – 8. SEPTEMBER 2017; VOLNÝ ČAS V DĚJINÁCH [FREE TIME IN THE PAST] OPAVA 26. SEPTEMBER 2017; JUHOSLAVIZMUS VERZUS ČECHOSLOVAKIZMUS: KONFLIKTNÉ DEJINY IDEOLÓGIÍ V STREDNEJ A JUHOVÝCHODNEJ EURÓPE [YUGOSLAVISM VERSUS CZECHOSLOVAKISM: THE HISTORY OF CONFLICTING IDEOLOGIES IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE] KOŠICE 4. OKTÓBER 2017; MEMORY IN URBAN SPACE: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITS OF COMPARATIVE RESEARCH, KOŠICE 24. OKTÓBER 2017; WORKSHOP HISTORICAL TOWN ATLAS OF SLOVAKIA, BRATISLAVA 30. NOVEMBER – 1. DECEMBER 2017;

Новооткрити документи за историята на една 200-годишна църква

Author(s): Svetlana Muhova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The year 2017 marks the 200th anniversary of the building of the “Dormition of the Mother of God” church in Koprivshtitsa. This important event of the town history was celebrated by a Jubilee Science Conference organized by The Directorate of Museums. The accent was placed on the local church history, which is so far insufficiently studied and popular. My participation in the conference gave me an occasion to share the result of my about four-year work on some documents saved in Koprivshtitsa’s museum archive. Among them, as the most significant and rich in information stands out the previously considered lost The Book of Account of the church, which contains accounting notes for the period 1815 – 1843. Along with it, subject of this article is another newly discovered document, specifically related to the history of the construction of the temple in 1817. It is The Book of Account of the churchwarden Gruju Popgenchovich.

Appointment and Dismissal of Muftis between 1718–1869 in the light of the Ottoman Law-Court Registers (Bulgarian Archives)

Author(s): Recep Çiğdem / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2016

Muftis are the religious and legal experts in the Muslim societies. One of their main functions was to issue legal opinion and thereby influence the decisions of the judges and political authorities. They served as such in the Ottoman Empire. The judges generally concluded the cases in the light of fatwas. In other words, muftis were important figures in the Ottoman religious and legal system. For this reason, it is important to find out their appointment and dismissal procedure to their official posts. This article outlines the historical background and the qualifications of the Muftis. Afterwards, it analyses their appointment and dismissal decrees recorded by the judges in their law court registers which have been preserved at the St. St Cyril and Methodius National library of Bulgaria.

Адаптация православия в языческом мире Прикамья

Author(s): Leonid D. Makarov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2009

Old Russian settlers brought new ideology on the territory of the Kama River Region – Slavic and Finnish paganism and Greek Christianity, as it is usually said about the finds of religious pendants, signs of temples, peculiarities of burials. Inculcation of Christianity had taken place during 3 main periods.First period (10th – 13th centuries) is acquaintance (passive). In many respects it is characterized by accidental and elementary emergence of Christian attributes in the Kama Region. A part of these things were found in composition of necklaces in Finn-Perm burial places, possibly playing role of pendants, which were endowed with some sacred functions. Other things were worn with other pendants, but were considered Christian. They were found with their bearers.Second period (13th – 16th centuries) is an active stage. It coincides with Old Russian population of Kama basin and bringing real Christianity among the local population, but with preservation of religious syncretism. It is characterized by decoration of Christian advents on territory of Volga’s Bulgaria, Vyatka territory and the Great Perm. It is connected to a marked degree with missionary activity of first priests of this land including Stephan of Perm and Trifon Vyatskiy. This period is documented by findings of numerous Christian worship items. Christian funeral ceremony, which preserved separate pagan relicts, was confirmed.Third period (17th – 19th centuries) is state one (massive). It is conditioned by processes of inner colonization of the Kama Region. This period was accompanied by different forms of Christianization of indigenous pagan inhabitants assisted by the state. It is characterized by active construction of churches and cloisters, inculcation of Christian morale, spirituality and culture in non-Russian society. Ritualism of Christian advents finally fixed and unified in this period. It was reflected also in archeological sources. Archaic elements remained in old-ceremony society. These elements also had influence on foreign material and spiritual culture.

Critica et Bibliographia

Author(s): Michael Moser,Elizaveta Baran-Komari,Beáta Biró-Nink,István Fried,Mária Gyöngyösi,Marija Djondjoish,Sarolta Horvai-Simon,Ivan Iljdiko / Language(s): English,Russian,German Issue: 1/2010

Review of: 1. САБАДОШ I. Словник закарпатсько1 roeip KH села Сокирниця Хустського району. Ужгород: «Jlipa», 2008. 480 с. by: Elizaveta Baran'-Komari 2. HETÉNYI Zsuzsa (szerk.): „Szóba formált világ”. Tanulmánykötet Han Anna születésnapjára. (Dolce Filológia 7.) Budapest, 2008. 273 p. by: Beáta Biró-Nink 3. SMOLEJ Tone, STANOVNIK Majda: Anton Ocvirk. (Znameniti Slovenci.) Ljubljana: Nova revija, 2007. 288 p. by: István Fried 4. ПЕТЕР Михай: Русское стихосложение (Вводный курс) - PÉTER Mihály: Orosz verstan. Bevezetés. (Bibliotheca Baltoslavica Budapestiensis 3.) Budapest: ELTE Ukrán Filológiai Tanszék - Argumentum, 2008. 120 p. by: Mária Gyöngyösi 5. ZIMMERMANN Tanja: Abstraktion und Realismus im Literatur- und Kunstdis- kurs dér russischen Avantgarde. (Wiener Slawistischer Almanach. Literarische Reihe. Sonderband 68. Unterreihe Intermedialitat 4.) Wien-München, 2007. 380 S. by: Marija Djondjoish 6. PETROVA Alena: Uberlegungen zu einer gattungsspezifischen Poetik des Raums an Textbeispielen der russischen Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts. (Publikatio- nen zur Slawistik. Literaturwissenschaftliche Reihe 33.) Frankfurt am Main: Lang Verlag, 2008. 370 S. by: Sarolta Horvai-Simon 7. SOBOLEVA Olga: The Silver Mask - Harlequinade in the Symbolist Poetry of Blok and Belyi. Bern: Peter Lang AG, 2008. 298 p. by: Iljdiko Ivan 8. GUCKA Agnieszka: Obraz emigracji polskiej na iamach Dziennika Poznanskiego (1859-1939) i Kurier Poznanskiego (1872-1939). (Kultura na pograniczach 2.) Warszawa: Slawistyczny Osrodek Wydawniczy, 2005. 354 p. by: Michael Moser

Една „неюбилейна“ конференция в чест на 140-годишния юбилей

Author(s): Tina Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

Local Communities and the Social Involvement of the Ethnographic Museums

Author(s): Nikolay Nenov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This text describes and problematizes examples of Bulgarian and foreign museums focusing on mechanisms of social involvement. Examples are united by an anthropological discourse which gives Bulgarian ethnographic museums an opportunity to expand the thematic issues of their exhibits and activities. Alternative ways to develop and use the museum as an instrument for social criticism are part of the quest of today’s ethnographic museums. At the same time, the author makes his bias towards the Ecomuseum format clear in the search for an ethnographic reading, showing that the establishment of these museums creates a connection between local communities and the museum, which makes it possible to share local identity with various audiences.

Bulgarian Mosaic

Author(s): Rossitza Guentcheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The article is dedicated to the travel notes on Bulgaria, Down the Donkey’s Path.Bulgarian Mosaic, written in 1978 in East Germany by the East German writer Kurt Bizalski and republished in 2001 in united Germany without any changes, explanations or supplements. Bizalski based the book on his experience in Bulgaria in 1977 when he paid an official visit at the invitation of the Union of the Bulgarian Writers.However, the Embassy of People’s Republic of Bulgaria in Berlin criticizes the travel notes, stigmatizes the author and recommends not to translate the book into Bulgarian.The Committee for State Security accuses the work in distorting the socialist reality and prevents its distribution in Bulgaria. This article presents Down the Donkey’s Path as a mobile book – restricted but not everywhere, prohibited but not completely,occupying the extra-national art space extended across the political borders within the socialist bloc from the 1970s and the 1980s. Analysing the author of travel notes as an anthropologist, Bulgaria as a field of research and the Bulgarian readers as a local critical public allows us to look at the problem of the relation between anthropology, literature and political censorship from another angle.

Gypsies in Ottoman Empire according to the 16th–17th Centuries Bursa and Balıkesir Shari’a Court Records

Author(s): Ömer Düzbakar / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2016

Various ethnical groups such as Armenians, Greeks, Jews and Assyrians who lived within the borders of the Ottoman Empire have been subjects to several researches. Unfortunately, the available researches done about the ethnical group called Gypsies are so few that they cannot even be compared to the researches available for other ethnical groups. The expression “Half Nation”, which is frequently used to identify the Gypsies who had been casted away from the society because of their life styles, is maybe the most important expression used to describe gypsies’ position in the society. This study, which is based on the 16th–17th centuries Bursa and Balıkesir Shari’a Court Records, aims to put forward the position of the Gypsies in the Ottoman society and the empire’s attitude towards the gypsies. I owe my thanks to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdulmecit MUTAF who helped me have access to Balıkesir Shari’a Court Records and to İsmail TORACI who shaped my research with his precious opinions.

Модернизационни процеси на Балканите под османска власт през 19 и началото на 20 в. Издание на БАН – Институт за ист. изследвания и Македонска академия на науките и изкуствата. Под ред. на Илия Тодев и Драги Георгиев), 2017, 336 с. + 16 с. прил.

Author(s): Nikolay Poppetrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2017

Book review

Петър Кърджилов. Озарения в полите на Витоша. Летопис на ранното кино в София (1896–1915). София, издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“, 2016. 608 с., с илюстрации

Author(s): Nikolay Poppetrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2017

Book review

Старый кафедральный собор в Выборге — уникальный объект культурного наследия

Author(s): Aleksandr I. Saksa / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2014

The cultural heritage object of the 15th to 18th centuries “Church of St. Mary and St. Joseph and St. Olaf and the Clock Tower” is situated in the central part of Vyborg. Modern researchers date the construction of this stone temple to the first half of the 15th century. The church itself, which presumably was initially wooden, is first mentioned in a document of 1403 kept in the archives of Vatican. During the period of the temple’s existence, it was repeatedly reconstructed. By now, only its external walls have survived.Archaeological excavations at this site were conducted in 1886, 1913 and 1985—1991. The main phases of its construction were defined and the related architectural remains investigated. However, such problems as the time of the construction of the first stone church, identification and dates of all the reconstructions still are unsolved.In 2010—2012, we carried out architectural measurements of this monument and archaeological excavations on its external southern side and inside the cathedral near its northern stone wall limiting the initial medieval space of the 15th century church. These investigations have resulted in definition of exact and reliable picture of the condition of the surviving walls of the edifice, identification of previously unknown reconstructions of different dates and traces of repairs on the walls. In addition, a three-dimensional model has been built of the ruins of the cathedral and the Clock Tower constituting a single complex with the latter.