Книги 2014–2015 г.
Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in 2014-2015
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in 2014-2015
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year.
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Selected bibliography in the field of Bulgarian Studies published in the current year
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The proposed article is an addition to developing more detailed work dedicated to the development of the Bulgarian ethnography since Liberation to World War II. The review of the studies in the field of Public customary law of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century gives an idea of their chronological development and thematic diversity. Largely research are solicited and facilitated by the systematic methodological guidelines contained in published “questionnaire-directions” for the collection and study of traditional legal customs , to follow European trends and experiences in this regard. To study a particular specified share of the popular social-normative culture are directed primarily specialists in legal education, Odzhakov P., V. Baldzhiev, St. S. Bobchev and others, whose work impresses with its scientific approach to withstand attempted systematization, interpretation and evaluation of the material covered. Along with them during the period relevant publications on Bulgarian common law traditions leave D. Marinov, K. Shapkarev, St. Shishkov and others. This paper examined the research and collecting individual contributions of these authors that enrich the scientific literature and help to expand the thematic scope of the Bulgarian ethnography in an essential and dynamic period of its development as a scientific discipline.
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The scientific paper analyzes an anonymous report to the Bucharest newspaper “Narodnost” published as “Letter from Bulgaria” in two consecutive issues in March 1869. The author of the report has not revealed his real name but has nevertheless left specific indicative signs that give material reason to believe this person was Vasil Levski himself. The thesis formulated herewith is supported by relevant evidence. The anonymous report is an important historical evidence for the participation of Vasil Levski in the revolutionary detachment action of 1867. At the same time, its overall contents complement the insufficient sources about his first organisational tour in Bulgaria. The first part of the anonymous report is an authentic text written by Vasil Levski, which has remained unnoticed by the specialized historiography.
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Two of the most important and still unresolved issues in the history of the Bulgarian committee movement in the late 60s and early 70s of the XIX century are when the CBRC in Bulgaria (the Lovech`s Central Committee), was established and what`s happened to the private revolutionary committee in Lovech after the establishment of the Central Committee in the same town. The most common opinions are that the CBRC in Bulgaria was established in the second half of 1870, in the spring or the autumn of 1871. According to me, CBRC in Bulgaria was most likely established at the end of September 1871. As for the second question, many historians think that Lovech`s private revolutionary committee has been transformed into a Central committee of the revolutionary organization in Bulgaria. However, some historical sources allow us to think that in the period from the end of September1871 to the so-called General Assembly of BRCC (April 29 – May 4, 1872) in Lovech there was both a Central and a private revolutionary committee.
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The purpose of this study is to present unknown and little known facts about the participation of the Sofia representative Hristo Todorov Stoyanov in the Church National Assembly in 1871. He was one of the most active participants in the discussions on the draft statute for the management and structure of the Bulgarian Exarchate. His legal education, extensive knowledge of ecclesiastical and Ottoman legislation, and personal qualities enabled him to express a competent and reasoned opinion in the disputes and discussions that accompanied all meetings. As an advocate of the democratic views regarding the structure of the Bulgarian Church, Hristo Stoyanov supported the principles of electivity and interchangeability of governing bodies, as well as of active participation of the people in the management of the Bulgarian Exarchate. He demonstrated views and a mindset of a parliamentarian that were modern for his time. The experience he had gained contributed to his future success as a member of the Constituent National Assembly in Veliko Tarnovo, as well as of the First and Second Ordinary National Assemblies. Stoyanov was among the “builders” of Modern Bulgaria. He was also a minister (three times), Chief Public Prosecutor, Chairman of the Supreme Court of Cassation of Bulgaria, a publicist and a respected lecturer at the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia.
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My previous research has shown that Orthodox monasteries, as compared to the Catholic Mounts of Piety, were functioning in the logic of medieval banks. For instance, they served as places of deposit through donations of real estate; the surplus of annual revenues was in turn channelled, on the one hand, for the liturgical commemoration of the donor and, on the other hand, for the assistance to the poor. Donors were thus investing in their salvation while contributing to the common good of the Christian community as well. The “Romanian” monasteries dedicated as metochia to the Eastern Patriarchates fell within the same pattern, except for particularities which stemmed from the specific profile of the donors. Most often they and their descendants were Christian subjects of the Ottoman Empire residing in the Romanian lands or they were ruling princes appointed by the Porte and attached to power networks in Constantinople and Rumelia. Consequently, sacred investing went towards the great monasteries located in the places of origin of the donors, that is, under the jurisdiction of the “Greek” Patriarchates. The double goal of donors was first to secure themselves prayers of commemoration in their place of origin, in prestigious and lasting places of worship, and then to protect the “invested” patrimony from the vicissitudes of time. Furthermore, tacitly donations assisted their poor compatriots and maintained the common weal of their native community, which was the Church itself. I have sustained this argument by comparing the practice of the dedication of “Romanian” metochia to the Holy Places of Orthodoxy to the communal evergetism displayed by the members of the Greek community in Venice via the deposit of large sums of money in Venetian banks. Based on this comparison, it appears that the economic activities of the “Greek” monasteries, which administered the metochia acquired north of the Danube, consisted in putting to work the real estate of the metochia through farming, trade, rental, or pawn brokering, just as money produced profit in Venetian banks. All these peculiarities, which characterized the Wallachian and Moldavian churches dedicated to the Greek Patriarchates, i.e., being founded and subsidized by migrants, accommodating travellers, or practicing trade, explain the concentration of the metochia in and near the urban centres of Wallachia and Moldavia, more precisely in proximity to markets and to migrant communities. The present study examines closely this ingenious system put in place by the Greek monks, consisting, on the one hand, of channelling the income from the lands scattered throughout Wallachia and Moldavia to the metochia situated in the towns, which in turn devoted themselves to reinvesting the gains in urban real estate, commercial, and financial affairs and, on the other hand, to attract donations from wealthy migrants and from their descendants concentrated in urban centres.
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The text presents and analyzes documents and materials related to the Bulgarians from the Golloborda Region in Albania in the period 1918 – 1939, from the funds of the Directorate of Religious Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Religions and the Bulgarian Embassy in Tirana. In these letters, reports and documents set out the problems of the Bulgarians in Albania in the period between the two World Wars, they contain detailed statistics, recommendations and guidelines to improve the state of our compatriots who remained on Albanian territory.
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The article discusses the conception of the importance of national self-determination as a criterion for belonging to a nationality. The typical case of spontaneous declarations of Bulgarian national identity is indicate in the Republic of Kosovo. The ancestral memory of aristocratic origin is expressed by specific local dialect.
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In recent decades public-private partnerships (PPPs) represent a modern solution for the efficient use of public resources with increasing economic and social importance. The state's ability to structure and stimulate the development of long-term institutionally sustainable relationships with business for the development of key public activities is a sign of the maturity of its economic and social policy. The study applies comparative document analysis. The temporal scope coincides with the promulgation of the first and the lastest legislative act regulating the relations between the state and private initiative, with a focus on one of the earliest forms of PPP applied worldwide - concessions. The paper periodizes and identifies the evolution and functions of the concept of concession in Bulgaria, based on the legislative framework and the adopted practices. The regulation of this form of cooperation solves specific tasks during different stages of socio-economic development in the country. In post- liberation Bulgaria, concessions were aimed at supporting the establishment of a modern market economy. Nowadays, the institutionalisation of PPPs, and concessions in particular, is applied as a tool for good public governance.
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Review of: Vjenceslav Herout, Željko Karaula, Mirjana Jakčin Ivančić, Goran Jakovljević, Zdravko Palavra: Povijest Daruvara: prapovijest – rimski temelji – naseljavanje – moderni grad. Zavod za znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti u Bjelovaru, Grad Daruvar i Ogranak Matice hrvatske Daruvar, Zagreb – Bjelovar – Daruvar, 2021., 514 str. Reviewed by Vlatka Dugački
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Servus vilicus was slave placed at the head of a Roman villa rustica. The main sources in which we learn about the content of the duties and the powers of the vilicus are provided by Columella, De re rustica, I.8, XI.1, and XII.1, Varro, De re rustica, I. and the Cato, De agri cultura, CXLII–CXLIII. Having in mind that legal framework of his occupation is pretty unknown, it is justified to ask a question: was he (or maybe she) the institor? In the Digest, we find only the incidental remark that anyone appointed to cultivate the land may be considered as an institor (D.14.3.5.2). In addition, the institor was primarily engaged in trade, while the vilicus performed a wide range of the work. Beside that fact, vilicus was not exclusively engaged in agriculture, but also in some state services, which makes this notion even more complex and contradictory. However, the main question remains to be answered, whether the servus vilicus was a person who also legally obliged his master or his job was reduced to the actual management of the property?
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The paper “Geopolitical assessment of cultural diffusion in Moscopole of the XVIII century” is a professional effort to convey to scholars, teachers, specialists of local and central government, tourism and entrepreneurship, findings and interesting facts about Moscopole, a mountainous resort village, in the southeastern Albania. This paper deals with the concept of cultural diffusion of the medieval city of Moscopole (XVIII century). The paper analyzes the indicators that highlight the flourishing of the city of Moscopole in the years 1750–1769 and the cultural richness that this nucleus of civilization conveyed to Albanian territories and further in the Balkans. The methodology followed is based on the research method, intertwined with information processing, comparison, and data synthesis analysis. This cultural diffusion and rich historical heritage have turned Moscopole into a model for the development of mountain tourism.
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A region with a diversified structure of population regarding ethnicity and faith, Transylvania has all the specific characteristics of a multiethnic space: peaceful coexistence, a higher degree of tolerance, bilingual or trilingual communication, intercultural exchange. The ethnic structure of the region was strongly influenced by historical or political factors, and the membership in a faith/church was closely related to the evolution of the ethnic structure. there appear. Open relationships of exchange, interaction and mutual recognition of the lifestyles and values are bound to appear in an intercultural environment, between various cultures and nations, between different ethnic and religious groups who share the same territory. The Evangelical Roma people of Uila (Transylvania) are an interesting phenomenon which has been the subject of studies, press stories and press articles and which continues to attract due to its uniqueness. In the present paper we intend to identify the elements which made possible the (first partial and then total) inclusion of the Roma people in the faith system of the Saxons and observe to what extent other areas of collective and individual areas of existence besides the faith transformation are modified (economy, axiology, linguistics, culture). The religion of Roma people of Uila contributes to the abolition of collective stereotypes related to the Roma. They are a special case due to the confessional, cultural and economic situation. Not necessarily different from the Roma in other places, while being exposed to the specific confessional conditions they have had the chance to assume their own initiative, to inspire trust and respect.
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In late 19th – the beginning of t he 2 0th century the development of the Romanian Army certainly occupied the attention of the Bulgarian military periodicals. A good proof of this is the articles published in the “Military Journal” – without doubt the most important issue amongst the Bulgarian military periodicals. Tracing the Military Journal’s articles with respect to the Romanian Army in the period 1888 – 1912 can serve as an indication of what military issues interested the Bulgarian military circles decades ago.
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By the end of the 19th century approximately a quarter of the Orthodox Bulgarians in the historical and geographical area of Macedonia remained loyal to the Patriarchate of Constantinople, which served the Greek national idea. Both, in the past and today, this fact has raised the issue of the national affiliation of the Bulgarian-speaking population in the European dominions of the Ottoman Empire. Why did these people remain loyal to the Patriarchate, despite the long-lasting efforts of the Bulgarian Exarchate to attract them to itself? The author highlights the unequal status of the two ecclesiastical institutions in the Ottoman administrative system as a leading factor that hindered the normal functioning of the Bulgarian Church and severely limited its ability to guarantee the political, religious, cultural and educational rights of the Bulgarian Exarchists. On the border between the two centuries, being at the heart of the struggle for the distribution of the Ottoman inheritance in the Balkans, the Bulgarians in Macedonia were faced with difficult choices, which determined not only their personal well-being, but sometimes even their lives.
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