Две непознати илюстрации от Хенрик Дембицки с българска тематика

Author(s): Kamen Rikev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The paper reveals and analyses two illustrations by the Polish painter Henryk Dêbicki (1830–1906) on the Serbo-Bulgarian War, published in the popular Warsaw newspaper Tygodnik Ilustrowany in 1885 and 1886 and unknown to Bulgarian scholars. The illustrations prove that Dêbicki, known for his previous cooperation with Bulgarian revolutionary Hristo Botev, continued to work on Bulgaria-related graphics after the country’s liberation in 1878. The author, however, doubts that the illustrator had experienced the war directly and claims that despite being referred to as the paper’s special correspondent, Dêbicki is unlikely to have visited Bulgarian territories.

Архиепископските църковно-народни събори на Македонската православна църква, проведени в периода от 1968 до 1977 година

Author(s): Metropolitan of Tetovo and Gostivar Yosif / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

mmediately after the proclamation of the autocephaly of the Macedonian Orthodox Church (MOC) atthe Third Macedonian Church and People’s Council in Ohrid in 1967, in 1968, the Fourth Macedonian Church and People’s Council took place. In the years that followed, the Macedonian Orthodox Church did not hold a new churchpeople’s council. She did it only in October 1974 when the Fifth Macedonian Church and People’s Council was convened. After three years of that Council, in December 1977 the Sixth Macedonian Church and People’s Council of the Macedonian Orthodox Church was held. It is in the content of this paper that the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Macedonian ecclesiastical gatherings, i.e. the councils held in the period after the proclamation of autocephaly and in the years from 1968 to 1980, will be covered.

Варненската митрополия в историографските проучвания

Author(s): Ivan Tyutyundhziev,Nevyan Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The Ecclesiastical work in Varna started during the Late Antiquity when the Ancient city of Odessosbecame a bishopric centre and later on a metropolitan archdiocese. There is no explicit data that during the First Bulgarian state the city was a seat of a high clergyman. In the period 13th–14th century, Varna established itself as one of the most important cities in the country and a metropolitan archdiocese. The Ottoman invasion and the fact that the city was captured by the Turks didn’t influence upon the strategic significance of the city, which remained a metropolitan archdiocese during the whole Ottoman period. The eparchy of Varna and Veliki Preslav has been one of the biggestspiritual centres in the Bulgarian lands since the Liberation in 1878 up to nowadays. The institution that has been in existence for more than thousand years and its importance, requires a significant work on its history to be written. Currently, some attempts for fractional studies have been made, but still there is no common research on the history of the institution. The presented historiographical review in this research doesn’t pretend to be comprehensive. The most important researches on the development and the role of the metropolitan archdiocese of Varna during the centuries and some other researches related to the topic are presented in the research. The basic problems which have occurred throughout the years have been dealt upon.

„Османското присъствие“ в съвременните учебници по история – мит или реалност

Author(s): Yuliya Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

During the last few years, an attempt has been made in Bulgarian society to impose the con-tention that the Ottoman period is represented in the school history and civilizations textbooks through the definition “Ottoman Presence”. The present article seeks to provide a scientifically grounded review of the educational documentation concerning school history education, and in particular the history textbooks, to ascertain whether such a definition is present or absent

„Стари“/„нови“ селища и административни центрове в османското провинциално управление: Ала кинисе/Осман пазар и Хоталич/Серви (Селви) (по османски документи от XV–XVІІ век)

Author(s): Krasimira Mutafova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The study raises questions about the fate of the medieval Bulgarian fortresses and urban centers in the system of Ottoman provincial administration, which has repeatedly been discussed in Balkan and Ottoman studies. These debates are constantly related to the issues of continuity in the administration and ruling of the Bulgarian lands, evidenced in the territorial overlap of the medieval administrative structures with the new Ottoman ones, as well as in the names of the sanjaks, nahiyes and vilayets. One of the problems that is yet to be completely solved has to do with the medieval fortresses and settlements, registered with their pre-Ottoman names as important administrative centers in the system of Ottoman provincial administration (nahiyes, vilayets, kazas), but most likely destroyed during the conquest or earlier. New settlements are developing near them which have different names but the same administrative functions. Many of them are problematic to be localized, but for centuries, these “old” settlements and centers of power have been referred to in parallel with the “new” settlements as another name (nam-i diğer) for the respective administrative centers. The present study focuses on two of the examples of continuity and parallel designation of the “old”/“new” settlements – nahiye Ala Kinise (Kilisa)/ Osman Pazar and nahiye Hotaliç/ Servi (Selvi). These administrative-territorial units are typical of the Ottoman model of administration at local level, as well as regarding the presence of a particular continuity from the medieval Bulgarian state. The complex approach applied in the research and interpretation of the Ottoman register material allows us not only to trace the indications of continuity in the development of individual settlements, but also to understand the pre-Ottoman period of their existence within the medieval Bulgarian state. In a broader sense, it provides a real opportunity for a well-grounded reconstruction of the Ottoman model of power, demographic and economic control of the Bulgarian lands at local level.

Църковно строителство в Североизточна България през 50-те – 70-те години на ХІХ век

Author(s): Nevena Nedelcheva,Aldzhan Dzhafer / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

This report presents the construction of churches in Eski Juma, Osman Pazar, Hezargrad, and in several other settlements in the 1850s – 1870s. It also focuses on the procedures for building churches and on the reasons for their mass construction in the region under review during this period. The study analyzes the applications of the population, their reasons, and the ethnic composition of the settlements studied. In addition, the paper discusses issues concerning the construction of the churches themselves, their size, organization, and financing.

Martina Domines Veliki and Cian Duffy, Editors. 𝑅𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦

Author(s): Zoran Varga / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

За стопанската дейност на Евстати Селвели през 1843 г.

Author(s): Veselin Goranchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article presents information about the economic activity of Eustati Selveli in 1843, a prominent Renaissance entrepreneur and public figure of the 19th century. It is a continuation of two previous publications that examined this activity of his in the period 1831–1842. In 1843, Eustati Selveli took active part in at least two business structures – the trading company called “Hadji Mincho Hadji Tsachev and Company,” founded together with Hadji Mincho hadji Tsachev, and the trading company called “Eustati Hadji Nikolaou Selveli and Company,” established together with Atanas hadji Nikolaou. Both were set up in 1841. The main part of the information presented in this article was acquired on the basis of Greek-language documents that are stored in the State Archives of Veliko Tarnovo and in the archives of the Regional Museum of History in Veliko Tarnovo. These include contracts concluded between Eustati Selveli and Atanas hadji Nikolaou, a commercial notebook that belonged to their partnership, and a personal notebook of Eustati Selveli. The indicated historical sources contain information about the material and financial condition of Eustati Selveli and about his joint business activity with Atanas hadji Nikolaou. The article presents information about the business partners of Eustati Selveli and Atanas hadji Nikolaou in the year under review; the items which the partners traded in and their prices; the monetary units they used when paying for supplies and their value equal to grosh (the local coin at the time); the ways of delivery of the goods, etc.

Към историята на дарителството във Велико Търново (краят на XIX – средата на XX век)

Author(s): Lora Doncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Donations and charity most clearly reveal the sympathy, solidarity, and willingness of the people to support cultural, educational, health, and social initiatives that are useful for the whole society. The history of Veliko Tarnovo in recent times has been marked by numerous acts of charity, which have had a significant contribution to the development of the city, and which are a permanent testimony to the morality and humanity of the Tarnovo citizens. This study is an attempt to systematize the available information about donations in Veliko Tarnovo in order to get a general picture of who is making these donations, to whom, for what, and for what reasons.

Учението на Иван Драсов в Писек и Прага

Author(s): Denis Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The purpose of this article is to clarify the prerequisites, character and duration of Ivan Drasov`s teaching in the Czech cities of Pisek and Prague. As a main source material were used Ivan Drasov`s school notebooks from the period of his studies in Bohemia, Drasov`s epistolary legacy and some memoirs. Through analysis and comparison of the mentioned sources, the following circumstances were established. The most likely reason for directing Ivan Drasov to Bohemia was his desire to study chemistry and engineering, and the choice of Pisek was predetermined by the presence of his compatriots in this city. Although Drasov had the opportunity to gain good knowledge in various fields during his studies in Pisek, in the end he remained unsatisfied. In 1874, Ivan Drasov made an attempt to study in the Austrian city of Linz. After this attempt failed, Drasov returned to Bohemia and in 1875 completed his education in Prague.

Наказания и санкции, налагани на православни свещеници и енориаши на Балканите през XVII–XVIII век (по османски документален материал)

Author(s): Krasimira Mutafova / Language(s): Turkish,English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The study is focused on the ecclesiastical penalties and sanctions (one of the most sufficient aspects of the development of Christianity, since the formation of the Christian church, worship and cult), imposed on the Orthodox clergy and parishioners in the Balkans during the 17th and 18th cc., an еspecially dynamic and controversial period in the history of the Orthodox Church under the Ottoman rule. In the study are discussed unpublished documents from the “Piskopos kalemi” fund of Baюbakanlэk Osmanlэ Arюivi – Эstanbul – patriarchal and metropolitan pleas (arzuhals), public petitions (mahzars) and various types of sultan orders (fermans, hьkms, etc.), as well as a large part of the published Patriarchal and Metropolitan berats and others. The comparative analysis of this complete information and the cases of Orthodox canonical law, especially the nomocans of the 17th and 18th cc., gives the opportunity to comment in details the different types of ecclesiastical punishments and sanctions imposed on laymen and clergy (priests and bishops) concerning: problems encountered in collecting church taxes and charges; a different type of “deviations” from moral-ethical Christian norms and canonical requirements; the family-marriage relationships of the parishioners. The commented documents reveal not only the complete register of applied church punishments against the clergy and the laity – penances (fasting, prayer, pilgrimage), temporary and full excommunication, the significant “haircut” of the priests, but also the peculiarities and essential features of applied church law.

Енорийски мрежа и религиозност в региона на Попово през XVI–XVII в.

Author(s): Nevena Nedelcheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

We will concentrate our attention on the smallest entity which shaped the infrastructure of the church organization – the parish in the region of Popovo. Analysis of the registers from the 16th century in (1524–1550; 1555–1556; 1598) shows us the presence of one complete parish network. The large number of priests and sons of priests in some settlements shows growth and consolidation of the parish network in a number of settlements – Dolne Kovachofche, Palamariche, Haydar, Ablanovo and Gagovo. This is probably due to the migration of clerics from other parts of the empire to these Christian villages. On the other hand, a large part of the villages remain without priests throughout the studied period. The reason for the “lack” of priesthood is not only the “deficiency” of priests but also the small number of the registered Christian population in these villages during 17th century. The widespread use of names borrowed from the Christian church shows the high degree of religiosity of people and the place of religion in their lives.

Количествена характеристика на хамамите в градовете от днешна България през XVI–XVII в.

Author(s): Zhulieta Gyuleva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Together with the mosques, hamams are among the most characteristic Muslim public buildings. Usually they were part of an architectural complex – imaret. In addition to the Friday mosque and a number of commercial buildings, there was also a hamam in the urban center. Their place and importance in the architectural and urban planning of the settlements has not been studied yet. In this study we look at the issue of the number of hamams in some Bulgarian towns during XVI–XVII c., what is due to, whether it is permanent or not, and how much it is related to the size and the population of the cities. Since they are part of a vast empire, they must to be placed in any case in the context of the other Ottoman provinces. This will allow the question to be answered if there is a difference between them or the things are identical.

„Еснафът без мисия не е еснаф“ – генезис на цеховата структура

Author(s): Desislava Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

This article attempts to present the genesis of craft organizations. Issues concerning the Shaun organization have been repeatedly dealt with in historiography, especially those concerning the Bulgarian Revival. In the 18th and 19th centuries the professional craft guilds developed their full potential as an “economic conductor” of Ottoman everyday life. This is the way most of the researchers consider it as already formed institution with its strict hierarchy and rules governed by a 1773. And the period of their origin in the preceding centuries is presented in a mock-and-pattern way. For this reason, we will address the issue concerning the genesis of the Bhagavad in the 15th–17th centuries. The three main ones (the Byzantine, Arabic-Turkish and Western European) available for the origin of the workshop structure are subject to extensive analysis. The inconsistencies in them are eliminated. In Bulgarian historiography a so-called “mixed approach” was introduced, bringing together two of the above-mentioned opinions. The first to use the term esnaf is Evliya Зelebi in his description of the guilds in Istanbul. It includes an expanded meaning for everyone: “members of the guild, artisans and merchants.” That is, the term is generalizing for him. Two large subgroups, described as guilds, can be seen in Siayatnameto’s text. The first group includes: members of the ulema, hired workers (of all kinds) and communities of marginal groups. And second, merchants. Such a distinction is useful to us as a landmark but has no fundamental significance in the economic and social reality of the seventeenth century.

THE MOLE: AN UNUSUAL ITEM OF MATERIA MEDICA

Author(s): Christopher J. Duffin / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 41/2022

The mole (Talpa europea) has a long history of use as medicament beginning with rather sparse records in classical and medieval writings. The number and diversity of mole therapies expanded during early modern times. This, the first survey of mole-containing medicines in scientific medical literature, reveals that they were used to treat, amongst other ailments, rheumatism, arthritis, hernias, prolapse, leprosy, epilepsy, wounds, and a wide range of dermal, dental, ocular and aural conditions. Preparations were generally quite simple, comprising either isolated organs from the animal (liver, blood, teeth, skin) or the whole carcass, usually in the form of a pulverised ash.

HYGIENIC AND SANITARY CONDITIONS IN THE PRISONS OF THE PRINCIPALITY AND KINGDOM OF SERBIA: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Author(s): Miroslav M. Popović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 41/2022

The aim of the paper is to briefly present the hygienic and sanitary conditions of life of prisoners in the prison institutions of the Principality and Kingdom of Serbia, based on preserved testimonies of prisoners, as well as literature and sources related to the Belgrade County Court, the Požarevac Penitentiary, and some other prison facilities in different periods of the 19th century, paying attention to both male and female prisoners. In this way, in the form of an overview, the work is an attempt to present how Serbian state dealt with the question of sanitary conditions and modernization in Serbian prison institutions during the previously mentioned period, with an introductory section, which refers to the institution of prisons in Europe in the 19th century, for a wider context.

Prilog za biografiju vođe muslimanske milicije u Sandžaku Sulejmana Pačariza (1895.-1945?)

Author(s): Željko Karaula / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 91-92/2023

U radu se na osnovu arhivskih izvora (Državni arhiv Crne Gore, Hrvatski državni arhiv, Arhiv Jugoslavije, Vojni arhiv Srbije, različite privatne ostavštine i rukopisi) i literature te tiskovina pokušava rekonstruirati biografi ja vođe muslimanske milicije Sulejmana Pačariza, uglavnom za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata, iako je radom obuhvaćen cijeli njegov život. Rad u suštini promatra odnosno opisuje složene događaje i vojno-političke procese u regiji Sandžaka tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata s težištem na djelovanje Pačariza i njegove milicije. Kompleksnost mnogostrukih aktera događaja (Italija, Njemačka, četnički pokret, ustaška NDH, muslimanski faktor) s različitim interesima na tadašnjoj vojno-političkoj sceni Sandžaka u ratno vrijeme te nedostatak primarnih izvora u dobrom dijelu onemogućuju da se njegova biografija i djelovanje kao i djelovanje njegove muslimanske milicije kojoj je bio na čelu postave u pravom historiografskom smislu. Ipak, i ovi historiografski izvori koji su nam bili dostupni su nam omogućili da te događaje pa i ličnost Pačariza i pripadnika njegove milicije djelomično rekonstruiramo te tako pružimo pogled i na to dramatično i traumatično razdoblje prošlosti Sandžaka.

Vakufi i vjerski život u Novskom kadiluku prema osmanskom popisu iz 1701. godine

Author(s): Ivan Radulović / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 91-92/2023

Like other kadiluks in the system of Turkish administrative division, Novskikadiluk was located between the basic administrative units of sandjak and nahiya.It belonged to the Herzegovinian sandžak, which was founded in 1470, and the kadiluk itself was founded in 1485 and its seat was in Herceg Novi.

Софийските мъченици от XVI в. като продължение на „плана Кантакузин“

Author(s): Ancho Kaloyanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The martyrdom feats of George the New of Sofia, George the Newest of Sofia and Nicholas of Sofia the New for the Christian faith are organised by the Athos School for New Martyrdom, established in 1500. Considering their sequence (in 1515, 1540 and 1559) and the chosen location, they appear to be a continuation of the Kantakouzenos Plan from the last three decades of the 15th century, according to which the Patriarchate of Constantinople made an unsuccessful attempt to separate the Rila Monastery from the Great Church of Tsarevgrad Tarnov. Through the Athos import of new martyrdom in Sofia in the first half of the 16th century, the Patriarchate aimed to discredit the authority of the Great Church in order to seize the diocese of the Sofia Metropolitanate. However, this attempt was not successful: with the third martyr, the Bulgarians recognised the robber and his feat remained unheard, and the Torture of Nicholas of Sofia the New became known as late as in 1879 when its only copy by the Russian Slavist Polychronios Syrku was discovered in the Sofia Metropolitan Church.

Бащите на Търновската конституция – духовниците между политиката и религията

Author(s): Milko Palangurski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

According to the 1878 Berlin Treaty, the Bulgarian state is a constitutional monarchy. The establishment of the Organic Statute was entrusted to the Constituent Assembly summoned by the Provisional Russian Administration. The leaders of the Bulgarian Orthodox Exarchate, as well as representatives of the Ecumenical Patriarch, the Muslims and the Jews, occupied a special place in this task. The forefront of the meeting was given to the priests due to their great influence in forming the Bulgarian society. Their educational background was related to two of the most conservative structures of the nineteenth century – the Russian theological educational institutions and the Patriarchate in Istanbul. Their careers in the religious institutions of the Ecumenical Patriarchate defined them as followers of century old canonical rules, thus their inability to become a part of the progress. All this, plus their important role as teachers, writers and spiritual leaders, took them to the conservative sector of the gathering. They failed to enforce their vision for the constitutional arrangements, thereby creating conditions for reducing their role in the future political life of the country. For a very short period of time, a “political secularization” took place and all of the religious communities were removed from the political scene.