Религия и идентичност (на примера на селища в района на Герлово)

Author(s): Nevena Nedelcheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

In the paper, the author concentrates her attention upon two villages in the region – Ak dere yakasý (present-day Byala reka) and Alvanlar (present-day Yablanovo), which appear to be indicative for the religious identity of the Muslim population that inhabited them. The religious symbiosis was expressed in a local interlacement between the orthodox Islam and its heterodox variation within the boundaries of a given town or village. Nowadays they are an example of a typical orthodox Muslim centre, such as Byala Reka village, and of a heterodox centre – such as Yablanovo. These two villages were an original demonstration of a widespread religious phenomenon, which occurred in other towns and villages in the whole region during the 16th – 17th centuries. They broke up the traditional notion of the meeting of Christianity and orthodox Islam and posed the interesting problem about the religious identity of the people living in Gerlovo.

Личното и обществено пространство на търговците в Румелия през ХVI – XVII век (по примера на Филибе и София)

Author(s): Desislava Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article discusses the personal and public space of the merchants in Rumelia in the city space of Filibe and Sofia. The main criteria for the distribution of the cities in the Ottoman Empire and the special place occupied by the two consecutive centres of Pasha Sanjak are presented. An attempt is made to trace the history of the coming into existence of the craftguilds and their professional and public functions, which is perceived as a main common feature among all the traders in the Empire. Several paragraphs of the paper are devoted to factors affecting traders: the geographical extent of the activities being performed; the goods traded – adapted to a specific market in a given city or exported outside the Ottoman Empire; the confessional belonging of traders; the producers engaged in trade or resale. All these circumstances determined one’s attitude towards the market, the workers, a city and the Empire, and, after that, towards religion, the education system, etc. Attention is paid to the activities of the people from Dubrovnik. Their colonies were established in towns attractive for their geographic situation or well developed economic relations with the different parts of the Empire. It is for this reason that they set up their communities in Filibe and Sofia. Individual motives for starting a certain entrepreneurial activity, the attitude of the central government to the confessional communities, etc. are also examined. The space around the carsi shops absorbed the everyday life of their owners. This was easily noticeable because it had different functions throughout the different parts of the day. During the business hours, all the activities related to the exchange of goods were done in the open, in front of the participants in the process. Within the framework of this process, the meeting with the other important subject of the commercial activity – the client – was realized. It was then that the shop changes its appearance. It had to become an attractive centre but a number of circumstances had to be available for this: a key location, high quality of the range of goods offered, and the seller’s talent. In the course of the day, it was transformed, its appearance was changed, the leading figures as well. The communication with the customers was ousted by the relations between apprentice and master. All this means that the workshops (and subsequently the offices) should not be regarded as a “room with the instruments belonging to it”, but as essential centres of communication between people from one and the same guild. Apart from their main commercial functions, the workshops could also have specific ones as for example guaranteeing the regulation of the rights of women in the family. The influence of merchants on urban architecture, planning and art is also discussed in the paper.

Поглед към имотното състояние и доходите на свещениците в Търновско през XIX век

Author(s): Gergana Georgieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The clergy was an important part of the local elite in the Balkans and performed variety of functions. The priests were not only religious leaders but also community leaders who united and lead the members of Christian communities. In some cases, they acted as mediators between the local communities and the official authorities; often they pursued teacher’s career as an additional occupation to priesthood; and they were the most educated people in a given area and formed the substantial part of the intellectual elite. Definitely, they were among those people who influenced the life of the local communities. Therefore, it is useful to develop their group portrait by exploring the financial status and everyday aspects of their life. The study explores as case studies two villages in the central part of the Balkan Mountains – Arbanassi and Lyaskovets. In the 19th c., they were villages de jure, but de facto they functioned as small prosperous towns. Those two settlements could be characterized not only by their economic activity, but also by their strong relationship with the Orthodox Church.

Национална научна конференция "Будителският XIX век на българите"

Author(s): Nikoleta Patova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 45/2022

ТЕОРИЈЕ СИСТЕМА ВЛАСТИ У ЕНГЛЕСКОМ КОНСТИТУЦИОНАЛИЗМУ ОСАМНАЕСТОГ СТОЛЕЋА

Author(s): Lidija R. Basta / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-4/1983

Theories on the system of powers in the eighteenth century English constitutionalism are profoundly affected by a conservative political thought. They leave aside radically individualistic elements of the Lockean doctrine on the separation of powers. This is primarily the outcome of the post-revolutionary phase in England, the political system of which being the institutional and functional framework of a socio-economic balance, deeply rooted into the society of the time. After having thoroughly discussed on the conservative doctrine of the balancеd constitution (Blackstone, Burke) and Bentham’s teaching on the real system of powers as opposed to its constitutional pattern, the author arrives at the following concluding highlights of the eighteenth century constitutional thought on government. First. The element of control has proven substantial for functioning of any system of powers aimed at providing for limited government. This is why any theoretically consequent doctrine on the separation of powers has been made irrelevant The active balance in the relationship between the legislative and executive powers can be carried out by having their functional independence of each other brought to a certain degree only. Secondly. When arguing for such doctrine on they system of powers that shall per se provide for government under law, by having each of the powers checked and controlled by another, the English constitutionalists cannot help seeking socio-political foundations of a constitutionally laid down balance, this being both their theoretical and ideological argumentation. Thirdly. The eighteenth century English liberalism takes for granted that individual liberty shall be guaranteed when having political power legality institutionalized. This is how the system of powers has been made the institutional i.e. legal means of limitation and control of political power.

Емил дьо Лавеле и българите

Author(s): Alexandre Kostov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 45/2022

По стъпките на паметта от XIV до XVI век: Никополският владетел“ Шишман в османската история на Кемалпашазаде

Author(s): Delyan Rusev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This paper offers a reproduction, Bulgarian translation, and analysis of a previously unexplored account in the “Annals of the Ottoman Dynasty” by the Ottoman scholar Kemalpashazade (ca. 1468–1534). The text of the source concerns the relations between the anonymous Byzantine lord of the town of Bolayır on the Gallipoli Peninsula and the Bulgarian ruler of Nikopol called Shishman in the context of the early Ottoman conquest of the Balkans. The purpose of the research is to reveal the historical figures and events included in the account as well as the possible paths by which the memory of them reached Kemalpashazade. The juxtaposition of Kemalpashazade’s text with a number of historical sources from the 14th through 18th century has allowed for two major conclusions. Firstly, the lord of Bolayır is probably identical with the Byzantine governor of Gallipoli who appears with the name of Asen tekfur in Enveri’s Dusturname and can be identified with either Manuel Asen or John Asen, the sons of the Byzantine aristocrat of Bulgarian origin Andronikos Asen. Secondly, the image of Shishman in the “Annals” has likely resulted from a contamination of the memory of several representatives of the Shishmanid dynasty such as the Bulgarian tsars Mihail III Shishman, Ivan Alexander, and Ivan Shishman as well as, possibly, the latter’s namesake uncle. Particular attention is paid to some parallels with the information about Bulgarian-Byzantine relations at the time of Tsar Michael III Shishman as described in the fifteenth-century History of Laonikos Chalkokondyles, whose possible reception among Ottoman literati including Kemalpashazade is also discussed in the paper.

Хасковският чорбаджия Христодул Вълчев Шишманов (1784–1870) между легендата и историческите факти. Биографичен очерк

Author(s): Veselina Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Hristodul Valchev Shishmanov /1784-1870/ is among the prominent historical figures from Haskovo with an interesting biography, sounding at times like a legend. Therefore, over the years, great interest has been shown in his life, but so far no research has been written about him and his family. Attempts at a comprehensive study to present the personality of Hristodul V. Shishmanov – one of the brightest Haskovo revivalists and his family, have not been made. Representatives of the family are mentioned in various studies in connection with different historical events. This adds to their genealogical history but is not a complete study of it. In 2021, one of the descendants of the family provided the Regional History Museum in Haskovo with a family tree and helped clarify many unknown moments in the history of both the family itself and the city of Haskovo.

Първото народно събрание – избори, конституиране и състав

Author(s): Milko Palangurski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The formation of the Bulgarian parliamentary system started in the fall of 1879 when the first elections for the country’s legislative body were held. Expectations for the young administration were not high however it, although already deprived of the tutelage of the Russian occupation authorities, not only managed to create conditions, to carry out the preparatory actions and hold the vote, but did it in the two consecutive Sundays provided for in the law. The local and central government bodies drew up the constituencies, created the electoral lists and included in them the people with passive and active suffrage, provided them with access to the polling stations and with a relatively honest and effective management of the electoral process. With problems and difficulties, the vote was held everywhere and there was no election in only one constituency. The first parliament did not vote a single law, it only succeeded in confirming its composition, passed a vote of no confidence in the government and initiated several political practices.

Миграциите во Скопската Котлина во XIX век – помеѓу антропогеографските истражувања на Јован Ф. Трифуноски и историските извори

Author(s): Borče Ilievski / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 21/2021

Во текстот се споредуваат антропогеографските истражувања на југословенскиот антропогеограф Јован Ф. Трифуноски вршени во Скопската Котлина од крајот на четириесеттите до крајот на шеесеттите години на XX век со објавените изворни османски пописни архивски материјали. Истражувањата на Трифуноски се темелни и детални, меѓутоа, во однос на миграциите, особено кај албанското население, се забележуваат одредени непрецизности и грешки. Преку примерот на неколку скопски села се бележат миграционите движења и усната традиција кај населението за иселувањата и доселувањата, која, споредена со османската пописна евиденција од триесеттите и четириесеттите години на XIX век, честопати е замаглена, непрецизна, а неретко и неточна.

Migrations in the Skopje Valley in the 19th Century – Between Jovan F. Trifunoski’s Anthropogeographic Research and the Historical Sources

Author(s): Borče Ilievski / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2021

In the paper, the comparison is drawn between Yugoslav anthropogeographer Jovan F. Trifunoski’s anthropogeographic research done in the Skopje Valley from the late 1940s to the late 1960s and the published authentic census archive material from the period of the Ottoman rule. Trifunoski’s research is thorough and detailed. However, regarding migrations, especially the migrations of the Albanian population, inevitable imprecision and mistakes can be noted. The migrations and the locals’ oral tradition concerning these processes are illustrated in several Skopje villages. Compared to the Ottoman census records of the 1830s and the 1840s, this information is frequently blurry and imprecise, and at times inaccurate.

Aileen Friesen. Colonizing Russia’s Promised Land: Orthodoxy and Community on the Siberian Steppe

Author(s): Zuzanna Bogumił / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Review of: Aileen Friesen. Colonizing Russia’s Promised Land: Orthodoxy and Community on the Siberian Steppe. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2019. 224 pp. ISBN 9781487531553

Bulgarian Immigration to Canada, Late Nineteenth – Mid-twentieth Centuries

Author(s): Penka Peykovska / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2023

The article aims at studying the first generations of the Bulgarian immigrants to Canada through the methods of historical demography. The ethno-demographic phenomena and processes that took place among them are characterized by quantitative analysis mainly of Canadian and partly of Bulgarian official statistical sources (population censuses and current demographic statistics), considering the volume, dynamics and ethnic composition of immigration flow, its structure by gender and age, marital and literacy status. An attempt has been made to clarify the relationship between immigration with a starting point Bulgaria and the one coming from among the Bulgarians abroad (who originated mainly from Macedonia), to identify those who contributed more to the replenishment of the Bulgarian diaspora in Canada and to shed light on the ethnic composition of these immigration flows. The level of integration processes is presented by studying the role of citizenship, intermarriage and spoken language, using indicators such as relative shares of Bulgarian immigrants that got naturalized, were Canadian-born, adopted the official languages of the country as well as kept speaking their mother tongue and declared belonging to Bulgarian ethnicity/origin, lived in ethnically mixed marriages.

საერობო ხმოსანთა არჩევნები ზუგდიდის მაზრაში (1920 წ.)

Author(s): Bakur Lashkhia / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 1/2023

In November 1917, the National Council of Georgia passed a resolution on national reform, according to which a three-stage national system was to be introduced in Georgia: a small national-territorial unit, uyezd and province, or district.National elections were to be held under a universal (regardless of gender), direct, equal, secret and proportional system.On February 10, 1918 the Transcaucasian Seim began to work and urgently established the Commission of Local Government and Self-Government. On February 18, the Secretariat of the Nation’s Introductory Instructor was established, which began establishing national uyezd commissions.On October 16, 1919, Chairman of Zugdidi Board Leo Shengelaia resigned from his post, and the Zugdidi Board asked the Georgian government to hold new elections of voters in Zugdidi Uyezd. On January 25, 1920, a second national election was held in Zugdidi Uyezd. There were 65,728 registered voters in Zugdidi Uyezd. 20,841 voters participated in the election; 19 ballots were declared invalid.The results for different political parties were as follows: Social-Democratic Workers’ Party of Georgia: 10,436 votes; National-Democratic Party of Georgia: 2,890 votes; Socialist-Revolutionary Party of Georgia: 5863 votes; Revolutionary Party of the Socialists-Federalists of Georgia: 1,633 votes.

ქართველი ერის პეტიცია (1921-1922 წწ.)

Author(s): Levan Jikia / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 1/2023

In February-March 1921, Soviet Russia occupied and annexed the Democratic Republic of Georgia. The Soviet mode was established in Georgia. The brutality of the occupation regime affected all social strata of the society. Disturbed by this, the Georgian society drew up a petition in 1921, with which it addressed the world community and demanded the withdrawal of the Russian occupation army from Georgia (signatures on the petition continued until April 1922). More than 31,000 people signed the petition. The geography of the signatories was quite extensive and included different regions of Georgia, except for Tbilisi. Among the signatories were people of different political views, religious beliefs and social strata.It is not known to us whether the said memorandum was sent from Geor- gia or not, and whether there was any reaction to it. It is a fact that it took 70 years to change the Soviet mode in Georgia.

Новооткрити подписи на зографи върху две икони от 1738 година, произхождащи от старинното селище Арбанаси

Author(s): Plamen Sabev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

My research concerns icons, wall paintings, religious texts, church utensils, and carvings preserved on Bulgarian territory. A priority in this regard is the history of Tarnovgrad (present-day Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria) and its near and far surroundings. Some time ago, I was looking for answers to questions about the artists in the churches of the cultural and historical village of Arbanasi. I revealed the presence of the name HRISTO, as well as the work of a second stranger named Artist. In the Regional Museum of History in Veliko Tarnovo, two icons are kept (No. 325 ΗΙ/TOM, No. 435 ΗΙ/TOM) on which two identical signatures of the same unknown artist have been preserved. Greek texts: first line, Uncial: ‘X’ (with the barely visible sign ‘=’); second line: ‘K’; third line: ‘Ҁ’; fourth line: ‘T’; fifth line: ‘N.’; sixth line: ‘A’; seventh line: ‘Δ=’; eighth line: ‘1738’; ninth line: ‘μ’; tenth line: ‘απ[...]λλ[...]ος’; and eleventh line: ’30’. The second signature has similar content: first line: ‘Х = К Ҁ Т N’, second line: ‘АΔ=1738’, third line: ‘μ’; and fourth line: ‘απ[...]λλ[...] ος 30’. The correspondingly preserved letters in both icons give rise to possibilities for their interpretation. First thesis: The handwriting in both signatures is undoubtedly identical, but due to the forms of abbreviations used, there are assumptions about their reading. The first letter ‘X’ can be taken as the beginning of a standard attribution formula: ‘Χεὶρ Κωνσταντίνου’ = Κ[ΩΝ]Ҁ[ΑΝ]Τ[Ί]N, translated as ‘by the hand of Constantine’ (or Costa). However, ‘X’ can also mean an initial letter for the name Χριστο, and, accordingly, ‘AΔ’ in the second line can be rendered as αδέρφια (brothers). At the end of the text, the date of completion of the iconostasis with the icons belonging to it is presented: 1738, ‘μ’ – μήνας, απ[ρίλι]ος, or 30, month of April, 30th day. Second thesis: ‘X=’ can mean Χριστο (Hristo the Educator); ‘K’ – Κωνσταντίν/Kώστας (Daskal /Teacher/ Kosta); ‘Ҁ’ – Ҁόιο or Στοίο (Stoio/Stoyu); ‘N.’ – Νέδιο (Nedyo II/Nedyu II); and ‘Δ’ – Δραγαν (Dragan). Often, only the initials are written on the works of artists. This is for the purpose of encoded information that remains clear only to God’s eyes. At first glance, the handwriting of the icons stored in the Veliko Tarnovo Museum resembles that of the works of the well-known Daskal Hristo. In my previous publication, I noted that this second author is very close to the first master, but with his own individual characteristics. If we logically assume that ‘K’ means Kώστας (Κosta), then he is the second Educator and the author of the considered icons at the same time. The recorded month suggests that they were made in a studio at the end of winter, and perhaps the entire iconostasis was assembled with the onset of spring, in the third bright week after the Resurrection of Christ (13 April 1738). An additional collection of signatures and studies from archival documents, as well as analyses of icons and frescoes after restorations, would shed more light on the authorship and activities of this atelier.

Нов принос в регионалните изследвания. Рец.: на: Николай Тодоров. Овчарската аристокрация. Икономиката на Котел и Добруджа през 30-те – 40-те години на XIX век

Author(s): Ivan Rusev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Милко Ст. Палангурски. Иван Пеев Плачков (1864–1942): един просветител и публицист в политиката

Author(s): Hristina Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Кирил Топалов на 80 години

Author(s): Nikoleta Patova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 46/2023

Михаил Станчев на 70 години

Author(s): Sergey Strashniuk / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 46/2023