Les peintures de Strei et l’Union des deux Églises

Author(s): Vladimir Agrigoroaei / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2018

The old Orthodox church of Strei, in the county of Hunedoara (Romania), dates back to the 14th cen- tury. The precise dates of its construction and of its paintings are still unclear, but the murals certainly date from the second half of the 14th century. The subject of these paintings is also quite peculiar for an Orthodox edifice. In the sanctuary, the Apostles, engaged in a vigorous conversation, are painted between the columns, under a Maiestas Domini. Their gestures are quite dramatic, very different from the static appearance of most bishops depicted in the lower register of the same sanctuary. The author carries on a comparison bet- ween the murals in Strei and other paintings from Termeno sulla Strada del Vino, close to Bolzano (Italy), dating back to the previous century. He notices that such depictions of Apostles carrying on conversations in the sanc- tuary, between depicted columns, are characteristic for many churches of Northern Italy, and another important example is in Pozzoveggiani (close to Padova). The meaning of these Apostles’ Colloquia is related to the escha- tological connotation of the iconographical programs, but another interesting aspect is that they also compose a depiction of the Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15:2-35), in direct relation with the theme of Ecclesia militans, according to the Four Senses of Scripture. The presence of such a strong Catholic subject, typical in the areas where the Papacy or the Catholic bishops had to maintain a strong ecclesiastical control, mainly against here- tics and various disobedient heterodox communities, points towards a possible explanation of the use of this imagery in Strei, because Strei was located in the land of schismatic Vlachs. Other Apostles’ Colloquia depicted in Istria and in the Dalmatian area point towards a possible influence of the Friars of the Observant Vicariate of Bosnia, under whose protection many of these medieval Vlachs were from the point of view of the Papacy. The depiction of St. Callinicus, patriarch of Constantinople, in front of St. Peter, in the lower register of the sanc- tuary murals of Strei, substantiates this hypothesis, just as well as the fact that these bishops depicted in the sanc- tuary are accompanied by representations of their churches. This other fact suggests that the main subject of the iconographical program in Strei may have been of a Uniate nature, i.e. the Union of the Orthodox Church with Rome. In the last part of the article, the author deals with the presence of the Franciscans in the area and with a series of Medieval Latin documents speaking of the churches they built for the local Vlachs, as well as with other local (Catholic) monuments to which the paintings of Strei may have been related: the second stratum of murals of Sântămărie Orlea and the nowadays lost paintings of the medieval church of Deva, close nearby.

The Liturgical Silverware Donated by Boyar Șerban II Cantacuzino to his Main Monastic Foundations

Author(s): Carmen Tănăsoiu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Le boyard Şerban ii Cantacuzino était l’un des fils du grand spathaire Drăghici Cantacuzino, l’un des frères du prince Şerban Cantacuzino (1679-1688). Şerban ii Cantacuzino le Măgurean a été grand maître des chevaux (1692-1696), grand échanson (1700-1703) et grand juge, une dignité qu’il a occupée entre le 1er septembre 1706 et le 18 juin 1709, le jour de sa destitution. Il a été un collaborateur important du prince Constantin Brancovan (1688-1714). La présente étude est consacrée à une analyse de certains objets qui font maintenant partie des collections du Musée National d’Art de Roumanie, lesquels ont été donnés par Şerban ii Cantacuzino aux monastères de Comana, Hurezi et d’autres établissements religieux auxquels il était lié de par sa famille. Il s’agit du plateau d’Augsbourg, portant une inscription qui concerne des faits historiques; du lacrymatoire de Comana, trouvé dans la tombe de sa fille; du kivotos vénitien cylindrique de Comana; de l’enkolpion de Hurezi; et de quelques plateaux pour le pain consacré qu’il a donnés aux monastères fondés par les Cantacuzino et Brancovan. La recherche met en évidence le contexte historique de ces dons, ainsi que le lien entre eux, de même que l’établissement d’une chronologie de la vie de Şerban ii Cantacuzino (en confrontation avec un manuscrit miscellané de la Bibliothèque de l’Académie Roumaine). On traite également de l’identification des ateliers et des artisans qui ont exécuté ces objets; du modèle du kivotos cylindrique de Comana (très semblable à celui offert à l’Hurezi par le higoumène Mitrofan à la même époque) ; de l’origine de ces deux pièces, de leur forme inhabituelle pour l’espace roumain, de leur rôle symbolique dans le contexte de la synthèse artistique roumaine de cette période et de la manière dont chacun des deux kivotos représente l’expression d’un projet politique de la cour princière.

The lamp from Kortina near Koper and other bronze lamps of the Adria type

Author(s): Andrej Preložnik / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2019

The unusual bronze lamp discovered in test excavations in 1952 in Kortina near Koper represents the so-called Adria type occurring in the Caput Adriae area in late medieval times and in the early modern age. Scarce archaeological data are supplemented and combined with ethnological and art historical evidence. The appearance and functionality are well explained by ethnographic parallels, whereas the artistic depiction sheds light on various manners of their use. Such a multidisciplinary analysis gives a deeper and at the same time broader approach to this interesting object of cultural heritage.

Some Hellenistic and late Roman terracotta lamps in the Sinop Archaeological Museum in northern Turkey

Author(s): Gülseren Kan Şahin,Eray Aksoy / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2019

The paper considers some terracotta lamps from recent rescue excavations by the Sinop Archaeological Museum in ancient Sinope, classifying them by types and chronological groups, from the 2nd century BC to the 7th century AD. The lamps represent part of the local lamp-making tradition, which is underinvestigated although equally important as the amphora production industry in this eastern Paphlagonian city.

Alexandria Kom el‑Dikka. Excavations and preservation work in the 2018 season

Author(s): Grzegorz Majcherek / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2019

The 2018 season saw a continuation of research on Roman housing and urbanism in Alexandria. Excavations were focused in the central area of the Kom el-Dikka site, where some early to mid-Roman structures (2nd–3rd centuries AD) were explored. The uncovered part of the building seems to combine domestic and commercial functions. A couple of shops opening onto the street were identified. Evidence of artisanal production of glass beads was also recognised in the post-occupation phase. Post-processing of the finds (pottery, glass vessels, painted wall plaster and coins) was continued. The paper also brings an overview of the preservation program, which was limited this season to maintenance conservation of structures seriously threatened by unfavourable climatic conditions (mainly the Baths and auditoria).

Conservation work in Marina el-Alamein in 2018 (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission)

Author(s): Anna Selerowicz,Piotr Zambrzycki / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2019

The article presents the program and results of continuous monitoring and preservation of historic architectural structures after the winter period at the site of Marina el-Alamein in Egypt, carried out by the Polish-Egyptian Conservation Mission. The program embraced studies of ancient plaster, polychromy and execution techniques employed for producing elements of sculptural and architectural decoration, as well as conservation of archaeological artifacts.

PAVLINI U SENJU

Author(s): Mile Bogović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1988

In occasione del II. centenario dell'abolizione dell'ordine di san Paolo degli eremiti (paolini), avvenuta nel 1786., l'Autore descrive la storia dei paolini e dei loro conven-ti a Senj, e cioe: di Santissimo Salvatore nella valle Ljubotina (oggi detta Spasovac), di Santa Elena in Vlaška Draga (oggi Sv. Jelena) e di San Nicolö in cittä.AH'inizio dell'articolo si accenna alia letteratura e poi in modo sommario si ripor-tano i dati piü o meno giä noti, trattenendosi piü a lungo sui risultati della propria in-vestigazione. I primi due suddetti conventi fanno parte integrante della storia medie-vale di Senj. Quello infatti di Santissimo Salvatore risale alia meta del secolo XIV, mentre Santa Elena fu fondata nel 1390. Le fonti conservate ci permettono di conos-cere in modo assai preciso i loro possedimenti, sono scarse invece per quanto concer-ne la loro attivitä. Questa si svolgeva in conformitä alia regola degli eremiti di S. Paolocon modificazioni causate dalla posizione e condizine dei due conventi. A Senj essi possedevano diverse case e negozi (apoteche). Tutti e due i conventi vengono meno nella prima metä del secolo XVI, poiche non erano in grado di asicurare riparo davanti alle continue scorrerie dei Turci. La continuitä della loro presenza a Senj e salvaguardata proprio per mezzo delle case di loro possesso entro le mura della cittä. Un nuovo periodo della storia paolina a Senj incomincia nel 1634., quando venne-ro invitati dal vescovo diocesano Agatić a prender in consegna il convento e la chiesa di San Nocolo, che poco prima erano stati abbandonati dai domenicani. Sull'attivitä di questo convento abbiamo notizie piü frequenti, di cui perö finora e stato pubblica-to poco. Ai paolini di San Nicolo a Senj nel 1725. e stato affidato il ginnasio di Senj, il quale fu da loro gestito fino all'abolizione dell'ordine {1786). Allora si verificarono momenti critici per la scuola. II trasferimento della scuola ai francescani ed a profes-sori laici non ebbe successo duraturo e fini colla chiusura della scuola nel 1803. Alia fine dell'articolo si espongono i dati principali della storia dell'edificio del convento e della chiesa di San Nicolö. Vengono elencati alcuni elementi piu noti dell'in-ventario, varie iscrizioni raccolte da I. Kukuljević prima della distruzione degli edifici stessi, avvenuta nel 1874. Nella chiesa parrochale di Punat nell'isola di Krk (Veglia) ancor oggi si pud vedere l'altare maggiore della chiesa, al duomo di Senj invece e stato trasportato l'altare collaterale con la statua della Pietä (Madonna di sette dolori). La posizione del convento e della chiesa nella piazza oggi chiamata Trg Oslobođenja.

Cenzurowanie organu urzędowego kurii gorzowskiej w latach 1957–1959. Fragment polityki antykościelnej PRL

Author(s): Dariusz Śmierzchalski-Wachocz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2021

Communism, a totalitarian system that wanted to oversee all spheres of public life and in some cases also of private citizens. One of the institutions fulfilling this task was censorship, functioning in all countries of the so-called People’s Democracy. It supervised verbal and written communication, i.e. the transmission of truth which had been previously infiltrated and manipulated. The Catholic Church remained the last area of free speech in Poland, conducting also journalistic activities of official bodies or these in the form of magazines, wherein the first were directed to the clergy providing on the one hand curial and pastoral information and on the other theological knowledge. In the case of the Ordinariate of Gorzow (Gorzów), which covered 1/7 of the country, these were first Orders from 1945, and from 1957 Gorzowskie Wiadomości Kościelne. The task of censorship was to supervise the content of subsequent issues. Excerpts or even entire articles, that according to the censor were contrary to the interests of the regime, were removed. The resources of the Zielona Gora (Zielona Góra) Delegacy of the Office Controlling the Press, Publications and Spectacles, collected in the State Archives are largely incomplete, hence the author, presenting examples of interference in the publishing activity of Gorzowskie Wiadomości Kościelne, focused only on the years 1957–1959.

Примери за парични фондации в Русе и Търново (XVII–XIX в.)

Author(s): Ayşe Kayapınar / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The waqf institution played an important social and economic role in the Ottoman Empire. In principle, waqfs are based on real estate capital. The cash-waqfs were known in the Ottoman Empire until 15th c. and they became popular after some debates in the 16th c. They spread exclusively in the European and Anatolian provinces of the Empire. The practice of establishing monetary endowments during the Ottoman period was also observed in the Bulgarian lands. One of the main sources that provide information about the founders of cash-waqfs, the conditions of establishment and activity of these waqfs are the foundation charters (vakfiye). In this study examples of cash-waqfs from Ruse and Turnovo will be examined. The example of such a waqf from Ruse is from 1697/1698, while the Turnovo waqfs date from 1812 to 1851. The sources used to treat the topic are two defter-collections of foundation charters (vakfiye). The idea is to study the purpose of endowed мoney.

Търновският предприемач Никола хаджи Славчев

Author(s): Svetla Atanasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The professional biography of Nikola Hadzhi Slavchev – one of the pioneers of the brewing industry in our country is the embodiment of the life maxim that success begins with a fresh start. However, the guarantees for this are rooted in the leadership qualities of the entrepreneur – measured risk, effective solutions for the production and marketing, and a clear vision for the future. The well-educated Nikola h. Slavchev, a school alumnus of Robert College in Constantinople and the Military School in Sofia, changed his life in 1892, taking responsibility for his father’s heritage. Initially, the Hadzhi Slavchevi brothers in partnership with Ivan Halachev established a general partnership for the production and trading of beer. In 1906 the partnership was broken down. The crisis was solved by Nikola hadzhi Slavchev. He gathered the assets and liabilities of the company, invested his capital in the establishment of a limited company “Nikola Hadzhi Slavchev”. As an unlimitedly responsible member, he lead thoughtfully the brewing company until 1923. During the Balkan wars and the World War I (1912–1918), the production and consumption of beer increased enormously and the factory in Turnovo town became one of the most sought-after partners. In parallel with this activity Nikola h. Slavchev was a concessionaire of the coal mine “LEV” in the region of Tryavna. He made the first attempts to create a housing fund for his workers. Donation was not alien to him either. During his lifetime, he established a trustee fund for the education of poor children and support for cultural and educational institutions.

Building up Modernity: Entrepreneurial Bulgarian Architects in Veliko Turnovo (1878–1944)

Author(s): Radosveta Kirova-Delcheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

As construction proves the most indicative economic marker, the correlation between architecture and economics outlines the overall political and economic context as the major factors that determined the architectural outlook of Veliko Turnovo and reveals symptomatic facts about the professional activities of the architects who worked there during the period of the Third Bulgarian State (1878-1944). The entrepreneurial activities of the Bulgarian architects, who constituted the modern townscape of Veliko Turnovo, are analyzed within the political, economic and legislative context in order to reveal concrete professional careers’ details. Comparison with the undertakings of the architects, born in Veliko Turnovo and the region, who migrated to other towns, serves as a base for summarizing major tendencies in the architectural profession in the period.

Сътрудничеството между свищовската градска община и местните предприемачи в периода от Освобождението до края на XIX в.

Author(s): Emiliya Vacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

This article reveals the activities of the Svishtov City Municipality related to the award of public contracts awarded through a public tender. The contracts concluded with the private entrepreneurs are considered, the difficulties in the realization of the projects are revealed. The research is based mainly on the valuable information from the preserved archives of the Svishtov city administration. Information from the State Gazette was attracted, as well as some local periodicals. Data from previous studies on the socio-economic development after the Liberation, as well as from local lore studies, were also used. The available information shows that, in general, local entrepreneurs do not have a strong interest in the public procurement of the Svishtov city administration. This is one of the reasons for the lack of arranged auctions, corrupt deals and benefits for people close to the government.

AMPRENTA LA SOL A SOCIALISMULUI. CONSTRUCȚII TEHNICO-EDILITARE ÎN SATUL ROMOS DIN JUD. HUNEDOARA

Author(s): Adela Emanuela Ordean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

The ground markings of socialism within the Transylvania territory of Romos represent the public technical infrastructures occuring along the communist regime reign. More than three decades later, since the left totalitarianism collapsed, Romos community exposes on its territory, wherever within or outside township, the accomplishment of some of the socialist projects. They were destined, in a communist manner, to improve the life of the inhabitants: schools, cultural community home, rural electrification, roads, heros monuments, medical dispensary and the local museum

FILE DIN ISTORIA BISERICII „SF. ATANASIE ȘI CHIRIL” DIN IAȘI, CU BISERICA FILIALĂ „VULPE”. VENITURI DIN ORGANIZAREA DE SERBĂRI PENTRU REPARAREA BISERICILOR DIN CUPRINSUL PAROHIEI (1923 - 1929)

Author(s): Carmen Sandu (Toderascu) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

The Church „St. Athanasius and Cyril” from Iași, with the branch „Fox” Church (Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary) brings to the fore unique documents in its own archive, a collection of documents discovered in the church attic, together with the preventive archaeological research, in 2017. This archive includes files with files dating from the middle of the 19th century until 1983, most of them containing data on the income and expenses of the Parish „St. Athanasius and Cyril” and the „Fox” Church. This article is a study dedicated to the philanthropic purposes initiated by the parish priests who pastored at this church, between 1923 and 1929, by organizing celebrations, in order to obtain funds for the repair of the two places of worship

DOCUMENTE PRIVITOARE LA ISTORIA SCHITULUI VOVIDENIA DE LA ȚINUTUL NEAMȚULUI (1750-1846)

Author(s): Costin Clit / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

This study presents to history researchers some documents (30 more precisely) which draw the history of Vovidenia Hermitage near the Neamț Monastery, Hermitage built by the bishop Ioanichie of Roman in 1749. Preoccupied by the Vovidenia Hermitage built from the ground with his own resources where he planned to spend his old age, the bishop draws up the construction on July 25th 1754 establishing the boundaries of the place bought from the Neamț Monastery. The establishmentreceives donations also from the prince Constantin Racoviță. A part of the documents we publish referto Tănase Gosan (after 1769-June 1831), one of the founders. The 30 documents cover the period 1750-1846, being donations to this hermitage by the founder, princes and Tănase Gosan

Етнографски проблеми на народната култура. Том 12. София, 2019

Author(s): Mila Maeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

„Oddzielić fakty od zapisów zachowanych w społecznej pamięci”, czyli próba zmierzenia się z mitem Janusza Korczaka

Author(s): Agnieszka Trześniewska-Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

This review article discusses the book Mniej strachu. Ostatnie chwile z Januszem Korczakiem [Less Fear: The Last Moments with Janusz Korczak] by Agnieszka Witkowska-Krych (2019) in which the author takes apart the phenomenon of the Orphans’ Home, looking for a specific atmosphere that accompanied the pupils continuously until their last days. A broad approach to the problem is a new con­tribution to the discussion on the institution that Janusz Korczak and Stefania Wilczyńska run in the Warsaw Ghetto. The photos attached to the individual chap­ters illustrate the text in an interesting way. An additional advantage is the map of the march of the wards of the Orphans’ Home with its route marked, which is a great summary of the chapter Ostatnia droga [The Last Path], but not only, be­cause the graphic material prepared in this way is valuable in itself.

Pan Doktor z getta. Wizerunki Janusza Korczaka w książkach dla dzieci

Author(s): Agnieszka Witkowska-Krych / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Henryk Goldszmit – a writer, doctor, and educator, publicly known as Janusz Korczak, and in the 1930s also as the ‘Old Doctor’ speaking to children on the radio – for the sake of his rich professional life, his work to protect children’s rights, as well as his death in the Treblinka death camp, became an unquestionable symbol of the faithful orphan caretaker, determined to accompany his charges to the end despite the possibility of personal rescue. The paper, on one hand, is an attempt to present this tragic story and, on the other, to critically discuss Korczak’s images emerging from children’s books. Publications analysed here are books released in Poland in the last decade: Po drugiej stronie okna. Opowieść o Januszu Korczaku [The Other Side of the Window: A Tale about Janusz Korczak] by Anna Czerwińska-Rydel (2012), Jest taka historia. Opowieść o Januszu Korczaku [There is This Story: A Tale of Janusz Korczak] by Beata Ostrowicka (2012), Pamiętnik Blumki [Blumka’s Diary] by Iwona Chmielewska (2011), Ostatnie przedstawienie panny Esterki. Opowieść z getta warszawskiego [Miss Esterka’s Last Show: A Tale from the Warsaw Ghetto] by Adam Jaromir and Gabriela Cichowska (2014), and a work for older children, The Book of Aron by Jim Shepard, recently translated into Polish.

Crucile de piatră din zona dealurilor Ciceului (jud. Bistrița-Năsăud)

Author(s): Adrian Socaci / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34-35/2021

In the area of the Ciceu hills, in northern Transylvania, people have fashioned from the local stone a wide array of stone objects and monuments since ancient times. Among them one can notice the Ciceu crosses. The solitary holly relics resonate with the past times when the sacred was an important part of humans lives. The monuments were fashioned in a simplistic, sober manner, the stone masons around Ciceu did not excel in their artistic creativity, they were busy transposing in stone the ideas and symbols with religious character. The crosses from Ciceu hills were placed on the edges of the graveyards and the village, at the crossroads, on the hilltops separating village borders and the roads leading to the nearby monasteries. For most of the crosses in the Ciceu area their dating is difficult, the symbols were influenced by the millennium-long art of wood from Maramureș. In the summer of 2012, in Ireland, we visited Ahenny Cemetery (County Tipperary)and Kells Monastery (County Meath), places where arched stone crosses are erected. I have noticed on that occasion some similarities between the Irish stone crosses and those in Romania(especially northern Transylvania, from Hășmașu Ciceului, Ciceu Giurgești, Negrilești, Dobric).The similarities seem to be the result of archaic religious forms and symbols conveyed by Irish and the Anglo-Saxon missionaries. In the seventh century, St. Kilian christianized the population of Franconia and Thuringia. In the next century, other Irish missionaries, scoti peregrini, have travelled all over Europe, some reach Vienna and their art seems to penetrate the Romanian countries and Hungary. There are some signs that since the 11th century, religious influences between the British Isles and Transylvania/South Carpathian area may have occurred with the journey of the Anglo-Saxon “wanderers” to the Bosphorus and the Black Sea areas.

Wprowadzenie

Author(s): Marek Smolak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021