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CLERICI ORTODOCȘI CONSTĂNȚENI SUB PERSECUȚIA COMUNISTĂ

Author(s): Adrian Nicolae Petcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: II seria3/2020

In the 50s of the regime of ”popular democracy” in communist Romania, many Orthodox priests knew the prisons. Even the Constanța County experienced a repression of the Security organs against the Orthodox clergy, arrested either for involvement in the anti-communist resistance movement, or for the anti-Bolshevik activity before 1945, or for pastoral care among the faithful. We identified and researched the cases of these priests both in the archives of the former Securitate and in the church ones, so that we were able to briefly reconstruct their biographies and the context of the Stalinist repression of the 1950s.

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Egzempli u Senjskom korizmenjaku iz 1508.

Author(s): Antonija Zaradija Kiš / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2008

The preserved exempla in glagolitic literature represent an exceptional and little known fragment of the whole, very rich medieval European exempla literary tradition (J. Th. WELTER, 1927). The exempla in the Senjski korizmenjak (Lent Book) belong to the translation of Quaresimale in volgare, of the Franciscan brother Roberto Caraccioli (1425-1495) from Lecce. The Senj exempla reflect Caraccili’s directions of unifying of oral and written literal expression with the Croatian language and glagolitic alphabet dedicated to laics and priests in a popular, interesting and memorable way which supported popular sanctity as well as everyday ethic and communicative relationship between preacher and believers. Of 19 exempla in the Korizmenjak which we transliterated according to systemised norms and we especially concentrated on the 13th which is known in every western European collection of exempla under the title of Ungrateful Son. Our thoughts we concentrated on appearance of the frog and its role and symbolism which it brings to this story.

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DATE PRIVIND HANUL SERAFIM. CERCETĂRILE ARHEOLOGICE DIN CADRUL FOSTEI BĂNCI MARMOROSCH BLANK (2019-2020)

Author(s): Adelina Darie,Theodor Ignat,Raluca-Iuliana Moței / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2020

The preventive archeological research from Marmorosch Blank in 2019-2020 highlighted some of the foundations of the former Serafim Inn, but also of other previous buildings, dating from the 17th-18th centuries. At least two stages of operation of the inn and an drainage system connected to one of the rooms have been investigated. To the east of the inn's foundations, a water pipe was identified, made from ceramic tubes embedded in the brick.

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DATE NOI DESPRE EMISIUNILE DIVIZIONARE MOLDOVENEȘTI BĂTUTE DE PETRU I (CCA 1375-1391/1392)

Author(s): Lilia V. Dergaciova / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2020

The article at hand discusses the Moldovan divisional coins of Peter I. Recently, two new pieces from Ukrainian private collections were identified (nos. 1-2). They complete the list of already published coins. Among them there is an item from a private collection in Bucovina (no. 4); two pieces from Buruienești coin hoard (nos. 5-6) and one more coin from the so-called “Moscow fund”, kept in the old collections of the Numismatic Department, The Library of the Romanian Academy (no. 3). Data on six coins allow us to propose some typological criteria, which are closely related to the typology of the Groats, the basic currency of the Moldovan monetary system (see plate I). According to them, for obvers there are known two types (I and III) with two subtypes (B and F), for reverse – three subtypes of two major types (Ba of the type I, Bb, and Ea of the type II). Coins were struck with six pairs of dies, without any connection between them. The iconographic analysis of the coins, expressed in plate II, shows the chronology of the monetary issues. According to it, the earliest obverses are those with seven Fleur-de-lis of IB type (no. 1-5), the latest one – with five Fleur-de-lis of IIIF type (no. 6). According to the metrological data, the average weight of the coins is 0.28 grams with an average diameter of 12.5 mm. This average weight represents about one-third part of the Groats' weight. These data support the idea that divisional items were minted following a certain metrological standard. At the moment, it’s hard to identify the standard set by the state, due to the incomplete data we have at hand. The equivalent of coins of this kind can be found in the Polish-Hungarian monetary system under the reign of Louis I between 1370 and 1382. To solve the problem in dating our coins two important marks can be taken into consideration: the lower chronological limit, related to the creation of the Moldovan monetary system in the period 1379-1382, and the upper one, set by the date of hiding of the Buruienești hoard, placed around 1385/1386. In our opinion, the introduction of divisional specimen took place before 1382, during the period when the Principality was still under the strong influence of the Polish-Hungarian union of Louis I.Minting of Moldovan coins – groats and half groats, of the same type and same iconographic execution, could have lasted for a period of several years. This allows us to consider that the minting of the divisional coins continued in the first year or even the first years of Maria Anjou’s reign. At the current stage of research, we opt for a longer dating period, which can be set around 1382, respectively with one-two years before and after this date.

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PLACHETELE „COLABORĂRII FRANCO-ROMÂNE” DUPĂ UN DESEN AL LUI GEORGES SCOTT, AFLATE ÎN PATRIMONIUL MUZEULUI MUNICIPIULUI BUCUREȘTI

Author(s): Adriana Roșca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2020

During the First World War, medals and plaques made by the Assistance Committee of the Romanian Red Cross in Paris in order to support the health system, the soldiers on the front, prisoners of war and their families, are generally found in literature under the name of „medals and plaques of the Franco-Romanian collaboration”. Carefully crafted and cared for, these small pieces reveal, in addition to the historical content that completes the image of the Romanian community in Paris, information on the work technique and style specific to the art of modern French medalistics. Through this study we propose to replenish the number of plaques already published in this segment with seven single-type plaques and a personalized plaque minted in the mentioned period at the initiative of the committee. The last piece was given to Alexandru Emilian Lahovary, the delegate minister of Romania in Paris and honorary president of one of the Romanian charitable associations in the French capital. Considered today a unique plaque due to the presence of the legend on the reverse, the piece found in the collections of the Museum of Bucharest Municipality challenges us once again to discuss this method of keeping engraved in metal valuable information about the period in which they were made and the purpose they served.

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Senjska uskočka obitelj Rubčić-Rupčić

Author(s): Enver Ljubović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2005

In this paper the author described the famous Uskok and noble family Rubčić-Rupčić, which belongs to one of the oldest Croatian families. This family was mentioned in documents in the 14th century and is originally from Hum in Herzegovina, the village of Hardomilje, near Ljubuški where ancestors of this family can still be found. When Ottomans occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina in the second half of the 15th century, some members of this family moved to the area of Imotski (Lovreč), Klis and Poljice, for security reasons. They immediately joined the military service and became outstanding defenders of Klis during the strongest Ottoman siege. After the fall of Klis into the Ottoman hands in 1537 onwards, they run away to Senj where they joined Uskok troops as experienced soldiers and became members of the permanent military troops. They were an eminent and outstanding family in Senja and the most famous amongst them was judge Ivan Rubčić. He was the Rubčić whose coat of arms is preserved on the doorway of his family house in Senj. From Senj they moved to Lika, Gacka, Krbava and Podgorje (Jablanac) during the 18th century onwards. From these places, they moved to other places in Croatia.In addition of this paper the oldest family nobleman heraldic sign is published, which was also published in Korjenić-Neorić documents of heraldic signs in 1595 and in the Fojnica document of heraldic signs from the beginning of the 17th century. Also published here were the stone coat of arms of Ivan Rubčić, the famous Senj judge, which is found on the doorway of his house in Senj.

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Brinjska i senjska plemenita obitelj Vučetić-Vuchetich

Author(s): Enver Ljubović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2005

In this article the author describes the history of the famous noble family Vučetić from Brinje and Senj through few centuries of history. This family was mentioned in historical documents in different forms: Vuchetich, Vuczetich, Wutschetisch and Vučetić. The family appeared in historical documents in the second half of the 15th century in medieval Bosnian state. The author introduces us with their origins; the oldest mentions of the family, movements and emigrations, as well as the places where they live today, their family heraldic signs and the most famous and most eminent members of this Brinje and Senj noble family. Many members of this family received nobility and coats of arms with names ‘de Brini’ and ‘de Cesney’ because of their merits, mostly as soldiers. In the 19th century many members of this family moved to Brinje from the town Cseney near Timisoara in Romania. Today we know about three heraldic signs of this family. The oldest is the coat of arms of Pribislav Vučetich from 1475, then the coat of arms of Radman Vuchetich from 1569 and then coat of arms from 1652 and lastly a coat of arms from 1753. Besides the coats of arms the author has some other documents: testament of Pribislav Vučetić, permission of the General Herberstein to Brinj captain Pavle Vučetić, genealogy of Vučetić family from 1823, biography of Nikola nobleman Vučetić, document about herald sign from 1753 and some photographs of the most eminent and most famous members of this noble family.

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Burg Ruckstein/Rokštejn (Katastergebiet Panská Lhota, Stadt Brtnice/Pirnitz, Mähren), Ergebnisse der archäologischen Forschungen zwischen 1981 und 2010 und die Zukunftsperspektiven

Author(s): Zdeněk Měřínský / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2013

This contribution presents an overview of the results of research into archaeological, constructional and historical aspects of the ruin of Rokštejn Castle (cadastral unit of Panská Lhota, Brtnice, Moravia). Rescue research started here in 1981 in reaction to the planned construction of the Střížov reservoir, and since 1996 has continued as study research carried out by the Institute of Archaeology and Museology of the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno. An area of approximately 2000 m2 has been explored, with ca. 750 m2 remaining. The article outlines the history of the castle, first mentioned in written sources in 1289, and its constructional and historical development, divided into four phases: IA (last quarter of the 13th century – early 14th century) and IB (ca. 1310–1350/60); phase II when the castle was owned by the Moravian Luxembourgs in the second half of the 14th century; and phase III associated with the Valdštejns, until the period when the castle sustained damage, possibly during the Hussite wars, and its emergency reconstruction and partial use until the 1460’s (phase IV). The last section of the article is devoted to the make-up of finds, including ecofacts and the state of their processing, as well as problems that have to be addressed in relation to comprehensive research into the castle, its heritage restoration and further use.

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Slawisch oder deutsch? Die Entwicklung Prenzlaus im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert

Author(s): Matthias Schulz / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2013

In 1234 Prenzlau was the first place in Pomerania to be granted a charter. At least one of the surveyors who laid out the town came from the town of Stendal in the German Altmark. Even before the name change of the territory to Brandenburg in 1250 churches, monasteries, mills as well as a modern urban structure with a market place surrounded by the houses of burgesses were built in Prenzlau. The structural analysis of the evidence from the archaeological investigations in the town centre of Prenzlau allow some insight into the complex building history of the town, its social topography as well as into the professional activities of the inhabitants. Finds discovered outside the late Slavic settlement areas within the town are reminiscent of the activities of a Slavic population and point towards the presence of Slavic inhabitants also in those parts of the town that were only developed after 1234. Surprisingly craftsmen from the late Slavic settlement of Prenzlau, which by 1250 had already been built over by one third of its total area by a monastery, became the focus of attention. From the time when the settlement of the Slavic craftsmen was abandoned the same type of built structures (Gewerke) are documented in other parts the old town as well. It follows that in 13th century Prenzlau the economic avant-garde included Slavic inhabitants who obviously played an important role in the new town established on German law.

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STATE-SANCTIONED IDENTITY VERSUS MINORITY IDENTITY: THE CASE OF SOUTHERN BESSARABIAN GERMANS IN INTERWAR ROMANIA

Author(s): OANA-MARIA MITU / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2020

The analysis of the Romanian interwar nation-building process still contains too few regional case studies. That of Southern Bessarabia is interesting because of its special circumstances: a very complicated social scene, where the State wanted to enforce its authority in creating a homogenous national identity, but could not administer enough horizontal social pressure in order to do so. Our study follows the manner in which the State imagined its cultural propaganda program, then focuses on part of the strategies and instruments it used for its implementation, namely on the manner in which its cultural mission was internalized and carried out by local schooling staff. We will then turn to the case study of a community that widely featured the complex relations between socio-cultural politics and local identity: the Southern Bessarabian Germans. By following elements within their relationship with cultural politics and State propaganda, we intend to show the bi-directional character of the culturally-formative process, as well as the struggle of keeping one’s own identity while being pressured to assume the one of the majority. We have gathered our theoretical framework from the writings of the Romanian elite of the time, and our facts from archival documents.

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SPITALUL DIN PORTUL SULINA ŞI EPIDEMIA DE HOLERĂ DIN ANUL 1865

Author(s): Ionuţ-Alexandru DRĂGHICI / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2020

At the beginning of the 19th century cholera arrived to Europe from distant Asia. After the major epidemics that had troubled the European space before, various measures were developed to prevent and stop it. In 1865, because of its strategic position - a gateway to Europe, subject to intense transit that favored the mobility of disease - the Port of Sulina was a meeting point for both epidemic propagation and prevention policies. Local hygienic and sanitary conditions, which often formed the basis of many cases of illness, could not be neglected. There was a need to impose a public health policy at the mouths of the Danube. Therefore, the European Commission established a special hospital in Sulina. It’s activity was part of the coordinates drawn by the ECD regarding the provision and improvement of medical services in the region. These were offered to the city's inhabitants, to Commission staff, and to foreign sailors, who often contracted various diseases or became ill because of poor hygiene onboard ships. However, the hospital’s chief physician, doctor Jellinek, proved, through his medical findings and regulations, the futility of the quarantine system in epidemic situations. Based on his official reports, as well as other archival data, this paper analyzes the ECD's attempt at applying a modern sanitary vision in an unhealthy area.

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ACTIVITATEA SPITALULUI DIN SULINA LA SFÂRŞITUL SECOLULUI XIX ŞI ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI XX

Author(s): Ionuţ-Alexandru DRĂGHICI / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2020

In the late XIXth century, Sulina Harbor was important through its strategic position. It was just a few hours away from Odessa and Constantinople, as well as a gateway to Europe. Therefore, it was a meeting point for both epidemic propagation and prevention policies. The European Commission of the Danube adopted a series of measures that gave a new dimension to public health at the mouths of the river. Combining social and medical models, these were based on the findings and regulations made by doctor Petrescu Hadji Stoica, chief doctor of the ECD Hospital in Sulina, and by Romanian authorities. Our study looks at the hospital’s activity from the end of the XIXth century up to World War One. In this period, it responded to the purpose for which it had been created, offering a growing number of consultations and diverse medical services. This prolific activity is presented in the extensive annual reports prepared by Dr. Stoica since 1890. His records also provided recommendations on improving public health at the mouths of the Danube. After the outbreak of WW1, the ECD experienced difficult times. Both navigation along the Lower Danube and the financial situation of the organization were affected. However, the hospital in Sulina remained busy, given that there were military operations in the region. This paper analyzes the ECD’s attempts to provide medical services to its employees and to local inhabitants. Our main source of information were the annual reports submitted by chief physician Petrescu H. Stoica. Together, the international organization and the Romanian authorities provided not only medical, but also social services, and a series of measures taken during the war gave a new dimension to public health in a strategic hub for the transportation infrastructure of the Danube and the Black Sea.

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Mittelalterliche Straßenbefunde in Lenzen und Wittenberge (Brandenburg) und ihre Aussagen zur frühen Stadtgeschichte

Author(s): Monika Brauns-Henschel / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2013

Traffic is a prerequisite as well as an important part of the processual changes taking place in connection with the inland-colonisation during the High Middle Ages. The restructuring of rural spaces and especially the emergence and the development of the cities are inseparably connected with mobility. This investigation aims to analyse the mutual relationship between the construction of roads and the development of cities, drawing on concrete examples. The analysis rests on the basis of the archaeological records of the medieval towns of Lenzen and Wittenberge in north-western Brandenburg from the last 20 years. For this purpose, road surfaces were analysed and evaluated regarding their arrangement, construction, development and chronology. Thus it was also possible to re-examine open questions and hypotheses regarding both the history of road traffic and the history of towns and cities.

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Záchranný archeologický výzkum na polykulturním sídlišti a pohřebišti v Obříství (okr. Mělník)

Author(s): Katarína Čuláková,Klára Fleková,Lucie Šmahelová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2014

The site Obříství (Mělník district) is situated in old settlement area and it is known from older finds, among them the most important is funeral area from Roman period. This article is an introduction to the volume of papers, which evaluates the results of archaeological rescue excavation, which was realized in years 2008–2011 before the construction of 64 family houses on originally agricultural land.The archeological excavation gives evidence of settlement or funeral activities from Neolitihic Linear Pottery Culture to Middle Ages, except of La Tene culture. In this volume are published the results of evaluation of finds from Neolithic period, Eneolitihic period, Roman period, the Great Migrations period, Early Middle Ages and the evidence of funeral activities.

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Osmanlı İdaresinde Arnavutluk’ta Görülen Kripto (Gizli) Hıristiyanlar Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): İlir Bruga / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

After the Balkan peninsula came under the rule of the Ottoman State, there is a mutual interaction and development in the fields of socio-cultural, economic, religious and so on between the Ottomans and different nations living there. Some objective and subjective studies have been done on how this interaction and development occurs. The common opinion that emerged in recent studies on this it is the fact that although the Ottomans instilled the religion of Islam in non-Muslims in the new regions they conquered, they did not follow the policies of changing their religious traditions and customs by force. As a matter of fact, although the Ottomans dominated the Balkans for 5 centuries when it comes to the 20th century, it is seen that only the majority of Albanians and Bosnians have adopted Islam. The periods when Albanians adopted the religion of Islam (which century started more intense Islamization movements, 17th or 18th, if we mention) when we look at it, the emergence of Crypto Christian groups in different regions and periods draws our attention. The facts of Crypto Christians are in other Balkan regions of the Ottoman State it has been seen in places such as Cyprus, Islands, Trabzon etc. This article aims to examine the Crypto Christian events that occurred within the borders of today's Albania. The main sources of the research are the priest's reports and Ottoman archive documents of that period. In addition, we referred to new local and foreign studies on this subject.

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Soubor kachlů z hradů Brady a Bradlece u Jičína v severovýchodních Čechách

Author(s): Pavel Drnovský / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2017

The article is devoted to evaluation the collection of medieval and early moderm period stove tiles, which were founded in castles Brada and Bradlec (district Jičín, northeastern Bohemia). Although it is a relatively small collection (a total of 81 pieces, 8.9 kg), brought their processing range of valuable information. Due to the relatively well-known dating demise of both sites (castle Brada abandonned before 1500, the castle Bradlec before 1600), both collections can help with the date files from neighboring localities. Surprisingly operates frequent occurrence analogies with findings from a nearby castle Kumburk.

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II. Uluslararası Geçmişten Günümüze Tekirdağ’da Dinî ve Kültürel Hayat Sempozyumu

Author(s): Yusuf Buhan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Sempozyum, Tekirdağ’ın dini ve kültürel mirasını tanıtmak ve incelemek amacıyla Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi tarafından TBMM başkanı Sayın Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şentop’un teşrifleriyle düzenlenmiştir. İlki 5-7 Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında fiziki ortamda gerçekleştirilen sempozyum, Kovid-19 salgını nedeniyle çevrimiçi olarak 19-20 Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında icra edilmiştir. Sempozyum, açılış konuşmaları, dokuz ayrı oturum ve kapanış konuşmasıyla tamamlanmıştır. Bu yazıda iki gün boyunca devam eden oturumlar hakkında bilgi ve değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.

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Čitanje grada kroz književnost

Author(s): Emina Selimović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 81-82/2021

Review of: Emina Selimović - Ikbal Cogo, Kratka hronika zeničke književne scene 1919–2009 (Zenica: Muzej grada Zenice, 2021)

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LWOWSKIE ZNAKI PIENIĘŻNE W OKRESIE OKUPACJI ROSYJSKIEJ W CZASIE I WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ

Author(s): Svitlana Orlyk,Wiktor Kocur,Wołodymyr Szweć / Language(s): Polish Issue: 66/2020

Lviv banknotes during the Russian occupation in the First World War. The article sets out the peculiarities of monetary circulation in the territory of the city of Lviv during its occupation by Russian troops during the First World War. Attention is drawn to the problems of introducing Russian rubles into monetary circulation throughout the occupied territories of Galicia formerly belonging to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is noted that the simultaneous existence of the currencies of the two empires in monetary circulation, and the absence of fractional money, complicated the settlement process, and contributed to the emergence of social and economic problems, which subsequently led to the necessity of issuing city bonds in Lviv. In response to the problems caused by the “fractional money crisis”, the Russian occupation authorities promoted, answering on the proposition of the Lvov government, the issuance of Lviv bonds with a face value of 1 crown (issued in September 1914). The difficult financial situation Lviv found itself in necessitated the further issue of city bonds with a face value of 100 crowns (issued in February 1915). The problems surrounding the issue of Lviv bonds by the Russian authorities during the occupation has been reconstructed on the basis of archival documents.

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PUBLIC OR PRIVATE? AN ATTEMPT TO INTERPRET THE SOCIAL-ECONOMIC PURPOSE AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WELLS LOCATED ON A PRZEWORSK CULTURE SETTLEMENT (BASED INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH – EXAMPLE OF THE SITE IN KWIATKÓW)

Author(s): Magdalena Piotrowska / Language(s): English Issue: 66/2020

The aim of this article is to present the results of the archaeological analysis carried out on two wells from the site Kwiatków 11/20 (Brudzew commune, Greater-Poland Voivodeship) against a background of the geochemical and lithological data, as well as to outline the lithological and geological conditions of the surroundings of the excavated area. Within this settlement more than 100 wells were recorded. Most of the wells discovered have features of the Przeworsk culture from the first centuries AD. The analysis and interpretation of the data obtained (thanks to interdisciplinary research) helps us to understand the validity of use and functions of the wells within the site mentioned, and their social aspects. Thanks to the cooperation of specialists representing various scientific fields, it was possible to identify some differences not only in the chronology of both fields analyzed, but also in their function within the area of the settlement.

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