PARTYJNE ELITY SOWIECKIEGO LWOWA 1944–1953. RZECZ O NOWEJ ELICIE STAREGO MIASTA

Author(s): Damian Markowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2016

In autumn 1944, after the re-conquest of Lviv, the Soviet authorities began a process of Sovietization. A key factor in this process was to create the new elite of the big city, who were expected to replace the old elite, seen as ‘inappropriate’ in terms of ethnicity and class. The new elite of the main industrial, cultural and political centre in the post-war Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), who were inextricably linked with the Communist Party, played a decisive role in a major change of Lviv as an urban organism. The elite members were the bearers of the dominant political system and behaviour, which were often completely foreign to the indigenous inhabitants of the city. They were characterized, as it may seem, by the absolute deference to superiors, passivity and susceptibility to a variety of social pathologies such as alcoholism, abuse of power and finally extensive bribery and institutionalized looting. This article describes some of the most typical cases illustrating the new political landscape of the Soviet Lviv.

Тракийската богиня Котито

Author(s): Dimitar Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 19/2011

The paper defends the theory on the Thracian character of the goddess Kotyto, known from the ancient written tradition, as well as its identifying as one of the names of the Great Goddess-Mother of the Thracians. On the basis of the tragedy Edonoi by Aeschylus, the author assumes direct parallelism in the festivities in honour of Kotyto and Dionysos. A detailed analysis is made of the evidence on the Athenian strategos Alcibiades as adept of the cult of Kotyto that was alien to Athens. The ancient authors describe his blasphemous behaviour, his insulting attitude to the official Athenian deities and his inclination to wear women’s clothes. However, his shameless behaviour finds an explanation again in the ancient written tradition, according to which the worshipping of Kotyto was done by effeminate men who danced imitating the other gender. The author stresses that ritual travestism is associated with the idea of androgyny, although Kotyto is not an androgynous deity. The man dressed in female clothes achieves gender unity, which alleviates for a moment his total understanding of the Cosmos. The ritual changing of clothes, the use of grotesque female masks, the indecent dances of ithyphallic character, the orgiastic shouting and the numerous noisy musical instruments, which defined the appearance of the festivities in honour of Kotyto, form part of the idea of the transition from one state to another, of the eternal turnover and of immortality.

Этническая интерпретация традиций домостроительства Нижнего Побужья позднеархаического времени

Author(s): Sergei L. Solovyov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 19/2011

The paper traces the long discussion on the ethnic belonging of the half-dug dwellings known from numerous late archaic archaeological sites in the Lower Bug region, as well as along the entire Northern Black Sea coast. It is noted that a widespread opinion among researchers is that the ancient building tradition in the cited region was represented by stone dwellings built on ground level, which demonstrate the high level of development of Greek architecture. This is evidenced by the fact that the colonists were familiar with single- and multiple-chamber dwellings, with inner courts, regulated building patterns, as well as the application of different constructions and building techniques. On the other hand, the influence of the local tradition is associated with the presence of dug and half-dug dwellings (dugouts) that are typical of Southeastern Europe, but not also of Mainland and Eastern Greece. Analysing the data from numerous archaeological sites, the author stresses that in the 5th century BC there was combining of elements of the local (barbarian) and of the ancient building traditions for the construction of dugouts that had been used predominantly by barbarians. The possibility is assumed that dugouts were used for a brief period of time by the first Greek settlers as well, but it is very complicated to differentiate their dugouts from those of the indigenous population. In conclusion, the author recalls that the Greek colonists brought the tradition of the stone construction at ground level, with typical volume planning patterns, though it appears that they started adopting elements of the local building tradition that was adapted to the respective climatic condition. That proved to be a long process with several stages, which ended in the 4th century BC with the emergence of buildings characteristic of the Antiquity, but having levels dug into the ground as well.

Сведението на Плиний Стари за тракийските реки Bargus и Syrmus

Author(s): Svetlana Yanakieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 19/2011

The paper traces the specialised academic discussion on the identification of the Bargus and Syrmus rivers, tributaries to the Hebros (pres. Maritsa), known from a laconical text by Pliny the Elder at the end of his text on Thrace. The author recalls that while the identification of Syrmus with today’s Stryama is certain and universally accepted, different viewpoints exist with respect to Bargus. In conclusion, support is given to the identification of Bargus with the Topolnitsa river that flows into Maritsa not far from the village of Vetren. A possibility discussed is that Pliny’s sources on the two rivers in Thrace were Greek authors who were familiar with the geography of the Upper Thracian Plain as a result of the contacts of the indigenous population with the Greek colonies along the Aegean coast, as well as owing to the presence of Greek population in that part of Thrace. It is assumed that the evidence must have been recorded on some occasion in some of the Aegean colonies that had trade contacts with the valley along the Upper course of the Maritsa river and that it probably reached Pliny through the mediation of the local history of one of those cities.

Semnale sonore om - animalul de tracţiune în Ţara Oltului

Author(s): Valerie Deleanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 29/2015

Zurufe, die im Altland als Fuhrkommando genutzt wurden Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Zurufe (sonoren Laute), die in der Landwirtschaft und der traditionellen Wirtschaft in der Beziehung Mensch-Lasttier zum Einsatz kamen, erörtert. Es handelt sich dabei um die Fuhrkommandos, die in verschiedenen Ortschaften des Altlandes in der Zeitspanne von 1976-1980 verwendet wurden, als die Nutzung von Lasttieren in der ländlichen Wirtschaft und im Transportwesen noch üblich war. Die Ergebnisse des vorliegenden Beitrags könnten ein Anstoß sein für eine künftige systematische Untersuchung zum einschlägigen Thema.

100 години от Карнегиевата анкета

Author(s): Stoyan Germanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

In 1914, the world community had the first opportunity to get acquainted with the magnificent work of leading scientists and public figures, the famous „Report of the International Commission for investigation the causes and conducting of the Balkan wars", known as the Carnegie poll.

Карнегиевата анкета за Балканските войни и първата извъневропейска кампания за защита на България през 1914 г.

Author(s): Trendafil Atanasov Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

Fragmentation of Macedonia, as a result of policies pursued by the governments in Belgrade and Athens in 1913, marked the beginning of systematic persecution against the Bulgarian. population in Vardar and Aegean part of this area.

Автобиографията на възрожденския учител Спас Прокопов от с. Гайтаниново, Неврокопско

Author(s): Ivan Markov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

Към историята на организациите на бежанците и преселниците от Беломорието в България след Втората световна война

Author(s): Yordan Mantarliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

Историята на Дружба „Родина" през погледа на историка

Author(s): Petar Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

Висарион - тиктакащата заплаха в „Зограф"

Author(s): Georgi Daskalov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

Българският Мусолини... или нещо повече (Нова книга за проф. Александър Цанков)

Author(s): Milen Kumanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

Проф. д.ист.н. Георги Даскалов (1942 - 2014)

Author(s): Naoum Kaychev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

„Bzik na punkcie mieszkania”, czyli mieszkanie i jego otoczenie w Prusach w latach 1871–1918

Author(s): Dariusz Łukasiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2016

To have a roof over one’s head was an unattainable dream for many people in Prussia after 1871 in the era of industrialisation and urbanisation. The groups for whom that problem was the most acute were: peasants, agricultural labourers, labourers paid per day, factory workers, craftsmen, poorer white collar workers and low-ranking officials. The dwelling forms were strongly influenced by a growing phenomenon of pauperisation of lower urban classes, industrialisation, an enormous inflow of people into towns, inappropriate nutrition and an inadequate satisfaction of other basic needs. Yet, it was in the 19th century when the bourgeois cultural image of a friendly home was constructed, which has become a space of rest against the threats of the outside world and a basis for the present-day mass concept. But, at that time only members a tiny part of the society managed to get this friendly retreat; for the overwhelming majority their homes were just sleeping places.

Kronika sportowa Szczecina. Część XX : rok 2015

Author(s): Zbigniew Szafkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2016

Założenie Biskupstwa Pomorskiego według Augustyna ze Stargardu

Author(s): Monika Rusakiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2017

The article deals with the image of the beginning of the Pomeranian Diocese presented in the so-called Protocollum created in the 16th century by Angelus de Stargardia, whose intention was to prove that the Pomeranian Diocese and the whole of Pomerania itself had never been subdued to Poland; the creation of Protocollum was related to a ecclesiastical conflict between Gniezno (German: Gnesen) and Pomerania. In order to support his thesis Angelus put forward arguments taken from sources of the time concerning the past of Poland and Pomerania; among other things, Angelus described the Christianisation mission in Pomerania carried out by Otto of Bamberg. The motive for founding the Pomeranian Diocese is of key importance for the whole of the narrative, as it schematically presents the basic assumptions of Angelus concerning the independence of the Pomeranian Diocese from Poland. Various mentions about the capitals of the Diocese were interpreted by Angelus as a tale of its triple founding. In that tale Otto of Bamberg was responsible for creating the Diocese, and he located its capital in Wolin (German: Wollin). According to Angelus the mention of the Usedom (Polish: Uznam) Diocese in the Chronicle of the Slavs (Chronica Sclavorum) by Helmond is a proof that the capital of the Diocese was moved to Usedom, which had been decided by the mighty families at the meeting held by Duke Wartislaw I (Polish: Warcisław I). On the other hand, moving the capital to Kammin (Polish: Kamień) – according to Angelus – was its third and final founding, which was approved by the pope. The origins of the Pomeranian Diocese outlined in that way show three elements that shaped it: first, the activities of the Pomeranian Apostle, Otto of Bamberg; second, a voluntary decision of the Pomeranians to accept Christianity; and third, the papal approval of Kammin as the capital of the Diocese. The tale of the Diocese having been symbolically founded three times was supposed – in Angelus’ narrative – to underline its extraordinary origins, and therefore to confirm its right to be independent from Poland.

Парламентарните избори и стабилността на политическата система в Република Македония

Author(s): Ivan Vinarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The analysis examines the nature of the political system of the Republic of Macedonia - it presents the level of its democracy (polyarchic) in comparative historical perspective(within the last decade).

Учителят Даме Груев

Author(s): Georgi Trenchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The article presents the legal and purely professional activity of one of the founders of the IMARO - Dame Gruev.

Заложничеството на Даме Груев при сърбоманския войвода Мицко Кръстев

Author(s): Angel Zlatkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

This study traces the development of relations between the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO) and specifically one of its creators - Damyan Gruev and the winners of the Serbian national idea in Macedonia, carried out in the form of educational and armed propaganda at the end of XIX and early XX centuries.

145 г. от рождението на полк. Борис Дрангов

Author(s): Mila Krasteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016