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Andrej Deško a Bohuš Nosák-Nezabudov o kultúrnych stereotypoch na východnom Slovensku a v Podkarpatskej Rusi v 40. rokoch 19. Storočia

Author(s): Peter Žeňuch / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 01/2016

Historical factual and literary documents testify not only about described phenomena and current period, but also about ideological structure of society and its individual relations. Andrej Deško and Bohuš Nosák-Nezabudov described cultural, linguistic, confessional and political structure of society of Eastern Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia taking into account the religious, social, economic and political stereotypes that formed not only simple population, but also representatives of national-revival life in the 40s of the 19th century. Although only A. Deško was indigenous who knew conditions in Subcarpathian Ruthenia by his own autopsy, Bohuš Nosák-Nezabudov had also knowledge acquired before and during the travels in Eastern Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia. Even his descriptions brought a wide range of information that can be appreciated in the systematic Slavistic researches of the Carpathian region and other researches focused on linguistic, ethnic and confessional stereotypes as well as linguistic and cultural diversity of its population.

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Zdravotno-hygienické pomery mesta Prešov v medzivojnovom období

Author(s): Peter Kovaľ / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

During the interwar period, the town of Prešov was responsible for the provision of medical care to the whole of the Šariš region. In the 1920s, three hospitals were operating in Prešov – the town's public hospital, the infectious diseases hospital, and the military hospital. In 1935, a brand new Prešov District Public Hospital was put into service. Just like other Slovak cities, Prešov was also affected by a post-war crisis; this became reflected in the welfare of the citizens. Poor social and hygienic conditions caused the spread of all sorts of diseases. The town's authorities had limited finances, yet still tried to improve medical and hygienic conditions within the town through the enforcement of various rules and regulations, which proved to be effective. This was also why the level of sickness did not significantly increase; on the contrary, both the population growth and birth rates rose. To maintain the relevant level of health care, the main support was provided with town, state or district finance or by private doctors, by nurses, and by the local branch of the Czechoslovak Red Cross.

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Oddychové a výletné miesta Prešporka koncom 18. a v prvej polovici 19. storočia v kontexte rozvoja krajinárstva

Author(s): Martin Čičo / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

After the mid of the 18th century, in relation to the special status of Pressburg as the capital, state parliament and royal city of Hungary, the level of cultural standards also rapidly changed. These changes included the creation of public leisure and walking areas. In 1775 – 1776 the first public garden (Brucken Au) in Central Europe was founded by the city and in the early 1780s a Promenade was also created, outdoor outside the former municipal walls and the moat on the south side of the city. In addition, several private gardens (by the Pálffy and Erdődy families and the Archbishop) were made available to the public. However, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries they were modified in the style of English landscape gardens.In the early 19th century, with a change to the social and political situation, that trend continued. But this time the motivation for further development was based on the art movements related to the "discovery" and aesthetic appreciation of a landscape. The key to its understanding and replication was its picturesqueness, which invited visitors to discover the open landscapes and free natural areas. This created the first popular places for excursions and picnic grounds in the peri-urban areas that testify that enthusiasm for the country was shared not only by artists, but also by the wider public. Places like Sans Souci, Peaceful Hut, New World, Iron Spring and others have been introduced and not only in topographic literature. Moreover, they have become subjects of promotion with widely duplicated prints.The development of landscape painting also shows the change of the city view which, from now displays the city as an urban structure, situated within the landscape and the natural environment.

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Kaviarne v Žiline v rokoch 1918 - 1945

Author(s): Jakub Bielik / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

The study provides a brief overview of the cafés situated in the city of Žilina during the period of the first Czechoslovakia and the first Slovak Republic. The development of selected cafés, that is, of café-type establishments (coffee houses and restaurants) is not comprehensively recorded from the start to the close of trading of the establishments, the study focuses exclusively on interbellum period. Considering the lack of specialized literature that deals with public houses in Žilina, especially coffee houses, the research relies exclusively on archival research of the records of the Bytča branch of the State Archive located in Žilina. The study mentions the most famous cafés of Žilina, the variety of goods they offered and the potential cultural program that was intended to attract the public.Café culture developed in Žilina thanks to population growth (from 2,326 in the year 1850 to 11,996 in 1919) and industrial development in this important crossroad of the trade routes between Poland and the Bohemian lands, as well as the ideal opportunities for the establishment of small and medium-sized enterprises in the interbellum period.

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Rodinné väzby v prostredí mestských elít na príklade Modry, Pezinka a Svätého Jura v rokoch 1600 – 1720

Author(s): Michal Duchoň / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2012

Family relationships played a significant role among the members of town's elites. Marriage was one of the key tools for family continuity. Creating new personal and family connections, marriages strengthened existing social, economic and political relationships. Marriages gave legitimacy for the new born children, concentrated property and created continuity of elite per se.According to their property, education and social status, the elites from the Little Carpathian towns played key roles in their administration. The highest administration positions and positions in town councils were in their hands. The source of their property was viniculture. Little Carpathian towns attracted nobles, too. Members of this social class came there to find employment in offices or to create relationships with wealthy townspeople's families. However, during the 17th century the Little Carpathian elites did change. Some of the older elites which controlled the towns during the 16th century had lost their positions. Their place was filled in by new elites emerging from newcomer families or from intellectuals. The original religious unity of the protestant town's elites was dismantled. Those families started to create completely new relations. Connections among the families in towns and even between the towns themselves at the end of the 17th century were so strong that almost all wealthy townspeople had been relatives.

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Personálna kontinuita politickej elity v Košiciach po Viedenskej arbitráži

Author(s): Veronika Szeghy-Gayer / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2018

The Vienna Arbitration and coup d´état in 1938 resulted in changes in the make-up of the local political elite in towns ceded to Hungary. This study aims to answer the following questions that have scarcely been discussed so far: - What role was played by the local Hungarian elite who were active in the minority policies during the existence of Czechoslovakia after the political changes of 1938? - Who was granted a membership in the Municipal Committee of Košice and on what grounds? - What was the diplomatic history of the new political elite of the municipality? The author convincingly points to a significant personnel continuity between the political elite of Košice before and after 1938. Municipal management included public figures from Košice who had participated in local policy making for decades, even after the Vienna Arbitration. She thus revises a myth present in contemporary public discussion and historiography of a strong position of so called "anya" members in the arbitration territory. These were the clerks and civil servants who had arrived in Košice from Hungary in order to work in the state administration. After the first Vienna Arbitration, the Municipal Committee of Košice, was comprised of the people who had studied at the time of dualism. The majority of them had begun their political careers in the opposition during the time of the Czechoslovak Republic. A considerable part of the educated members had had at least ten years of experience in local politics and were also known to the Hungarian government due to their positions or memberships in Hungarian political parties. From 1938 to 1945, the Municipal Committee was re-arranged to include exclusively Hungarians which did not reflect the diversity of political life during the inter-war period. Outside of the committee, there remained local representatives of left-wing movements with a quite large electoral support and Slovak positions were taken by politicians loyal to the Hungarian state.

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Smutný príbeh zo smutných čias: dve vojny v rodinnom živote spisovateľky Terézie Vansovej

Author(s): Xénia Šuchová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2009

The family history of the writer Tereza Vansová (1857-1942) was affected by two world wars. She lived through the Great War and World War II as an adult person – as the wife, later widow of an Evangelical pastor, socially engaged member of the Slovak intelligentsia aware of their national identity. There is no doubt that her distinguished position in society and her religion as well as her social status determined the character of her personal and family experience; furthermore, they influenced her conditions during and after the wars in terms of the applied "strategies of survival". In both war conflicts, Vansová´s opinions opposed the official establishment (first the Hungarian, and later on, the populists). In the revolutionary situation after World War I, she was one of the sincere supporters of the new Czechoslovak state and its democratic regime. The traumatising experience, which she recorded in documents of personal character, is in many ways typical of the environment of Evangelical families. Its negative impact upon Vansová´s family life was intensified by the fact that she was a public figure, emancipated intellectual, fully responsible for the financial support of an incomplete, to a certain extent, rather atypical family. The paper draws mainly on ego-documents: memories, correspondence, diaries, private records and marginal notes, put by the writer into contrast with documents of official provenience and other memoir literature.

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Poklad keltských mincí objavený v Bratislave roku 1776. Lokalizácia miesta nálezu

Author(s): Andrej Vrteľ,Robert Gregor Maretta / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2018

The study addresses the localisation of the hoard of Celtic coins discovered on the land of S. Ormosdy in a suburb of Bratislava in 1776. Written reports on the find from the period (J. H. Eckhel, K. G. von Windisch) and their comparison with information on S. Ormosdy’s land ownership history in historical-topographic material, church registers, official town books and historical maps are used for the purpose of determining the location. A critical analysis of preserved sources clearly indicates that the hoard was situated in the Blumentál suburb, specifically in the space demarcated by today’s Belopotockého, Mýtna, Povraznícka and Žilinská streets. From the perspective of the structure of the Late La Tène settlement agglomeration, the area belonged to the ‘satellite settlement’ near Námestie slobody (Freedom Square), where three additional hoards of Celtic coins were found in 1927, 1937 and 1942.

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Panovníci, biskupi, veľmoži a ľud. Zhromaždenia v historickom porovnaní mojmírovskej Moravy a arpádovského Uhorska

Author(s): Miroslav Lysý / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2019

The article examines the beginnings of people’s assemblies in the territory of present-day Slovakia. It consists of two parts. While the first one is concerned with the period of the Mojmírid dynasty (the 9th century), the second one deals with the period of the Arpadian dynasty until the 12th century. For both periods, it is typical that assemblies were termed variously, for example as “all the Moravians”, congregatio, consilium, etc. They were mostly juridical bodies for solving conflicts between individuals, but they also functioned as electoral or consultative bodies. In the Mojmírid period, assemblies used to gather mostly once a month (in connection to the central fairs of the Moravians), while their periodicity was lower in the Arpadian times.

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Piesňové žánre v tradičnej hudobnej kultúre na Slovensku. Modely žánrových syntéz v etnomuzikológii

Author(s): Hana Urbancová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2011

Systematic study of traditional song culture, using the category of song genre, has been conducted in Slovakia during the last two decades in particular and has opened methodological paths towards the contextual study of song structure. During this period soundings in depth were conducted on selected song groups, and the theoretical premises of genre research were tested. Resulting from both these lines of research, there has been a refi nement of analytic procedures and interpretative models, which culminated in the conception of genre syntheses. Th e genre syntheses provide a complex view of the song as a unity of music (tune), text and social function. Th ey are aimed at the mapping of genre specifi cities (features which distinguish the given song genre from the context of the others), and at the same time they interpret these features in wider socio-cultural, regional and historical-evolutionary connections.

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Druhé martinské obzretie

Author(s): Mišo A. Kováč / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2010

Review of: Mišo A. Kováč - Dagmar Podmaková: Príbeh divadla /Divadlo, ktoré nezaniklo/, Slovenské komorné divadlo Martin, 2009, 252 s.)

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Urbanistický a demografický vývoj podhradia/mesta Bratislavy od privilégia 1291 do konca 14. storočia

Author(s): Žofia Lysá / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2015

The study offers a review of the urban development of the settlement below Bratislava Castle from the mid 12th century. It analyses the oldest tax register for the town of Bratislava (1378), which includes only taxpayers from the suburbs and provides data about the social, employment and topographic structure of the surroundings of the town. On the basis of comparison with the tax registers from 1434and 1453/4, the study shows the development of the inner town and suburbs.

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Miroslav Palárik, Alena Mikulášová, Martin Hetényi: Nitra a okolie v rokoch 1939 – 1945. Dejiny Nitry a okolia v školskej praxi

Author(s): Michal Veselei / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2021

The review of: Miroslav Palárik, Alena Mikulášová, Martin Hetényi: Nitra a okolie v rokoch 1939 – 1945. Dejiny Nitry a okolia v školskej praxi. Nitra: Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre 2020. 126 s. ISBN 978-80-558-1614-2.

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MARIANNA ORAVCOVÁ: Akcia B

Author(s): Magdaléna Paríková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2022

Review of: MAGDALÉNA PARÍKOVÁ - MARIANNA ORAVCOVÁ: Akcia B [Action B], Ústav pamäti národa, Bratislava, 2020, 303 s.

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KATARÍNA POPELKOVÁ: Vinohradnícke mesto v etnologickej perspektíve

Author(s): Peter Slavkovský / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2022

Review of: PETER SLAVKOVSKÝ - KATARÍNA POPELKOVÁ: Vinohradnícke mesto v etnologickej perspektíve [A Winegrowing Town from the Ethnological Perspective] VEDA, vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava 2021, 175 s.

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Bryant, Chad. Prague: Belonging in the Modern City

Author(s): Patrícia Fogelová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Review of: Bryant, Chad. Prague: Belonging in the Modern City. Harvard University Press, 2021. 352 pp. ISBN 978-0674048652.

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They Had Beautiful Boots and Bananas There. (In)visible Presence of Soviet Soldiers in a Small Town

Author(s): Katarína Koštialová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The Warsaw Pact armies invaded the state territory of the former Czechoslovakia in August 1968 in order to suppress liberalisation reforms. The event fundamentally transformed further political, democratising, economic, cultural and social processes in Czechoslovakia. The military presence of Soviet intervention troops resulted in the establishment of special garrisons that became de facto foreign and ‘invisible’ zones. Zvolen became one of such places where Soviet soldiers operated, worked and lived. The garrison as well as a purpose built residential district for the members of the Soviet army and their families were situated in Zvolen. The objective of this study is to explain in detail whereabouts in the town their presence was (in)visible and to demonstrate examples of situations in which the soldiers, their families and local citizens came into official and unofficial contact. The study is based on archival materials, contemporary regional print and field research.

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Древен истинен оракул

Author(s): Boriana Hristova,Iskra Hristova Shomova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/2015

In this study are published for the first time a deciphered text, a translation in Modern Bulgarian and comments of an ancient oracle, included in a handwritten collection from the forties of the fifteenth century. An oracle is a rare combination of two of the most spread types of divination during the Middle Ages – bibliomancy and divination by use of dice. The text is analyzed in different aspects, mostly in order to be defined the linguistic peculiarities of the translation. For comparison, in the publication is included also one contemporary dice oracle in Bulgarian, which exists in Internet.

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Artefacte din os și corn provenite din așezări eneolitice aflate în Subcarpații Moldovei. Observații tehno-funcționale

Author(s): Monica Mărgărit,Vasile Diaconu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXXIX/2023

The small size of analysed assemblages does not allow to us outline a general picture of the typological and technological features of the osseous industry in the settlements under discussion. We are talking about a total of 15 pieces, of which 11 were made from bone and 4 from Cervus elaphus antler. The typological categories are varied, being represented by bevelled tools (5), bone with scraping marks (1), abraded astragalus (1), perforated phalanx (1), pointed tool (1), needle (1), belt element (1), piece involved in fibre processing (1), indeterminate (1), to which two blanks are added. The transformation technological schemes are also varied, but they illustrate a unity of procedures, with a single variable at the debitage operation (percussion), with two surface modification procedures (abrasion and scraping) and with a single volume modification procedure (perforation). In cases where the state of preservation is satisfactory, we were able to microscopically identify advanced degrees of use wear and, in some cases, resharpening interventions of the active end, indicating that we are talking about items used for a significant period of time.

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Câteva date arheologice asupra fortificațiilor de la Caransebeș

Author(s): Silviu Oța / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXXIX/2023

Archaeological research in Caransebeș began in 2017. In the same year, the first fragments of the small fortification inside the city were identified. This was still kept at a height of one meter and had a width of 2.20 m at the base. Another segment of the wall was also investigated during the year 2022, having the same constructive characteristics. Unfortunately, it was much more poorly preserved. Another fragment from the southern area was identified on another private property on Romanilor Street. It belonged to its southern area and is preserved at a height of approximately 1.5 m. The inner and outer walls were destroyed. It was built of river stone bound with good quality mortar. Behind the walls, on the surface of the ground, the presence of other structures, probably made of stone that belonged to this fortification can also be observed. The three precincts were also identified in the northern part of the city. They belonged to the fortified city, in the area of „the Transylvania Gate”. The material used was diverse, starting from broken quarry stone to cut blocks. However, no archaeological research was carried out here. The available maps from the 17th-18th centuries reveal the layouts made during the Austrian rule compared to its image during the Ottoman rule.

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