Recenzija: Trbovlje v NOB 1941—1942
The review of: Lojze Požun, Trbovlje v NOB 1941—1942. Občinski odbor ZZB NOV Trbovlje 1986, 604 strani.
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The review of: Lojze Požun, Trbovlje v NOB 1941—1942. Občinski odbor ZZB NOV Trbovlje 1986, 604 strani.
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The review of: France Kresal: Zgodovina Predilnice Litija 1886—1986, Litija, 1986, 210 str. in 56 fotografij.
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The review of: Antun Miletić: Koncentracioni logor Jasenovac 1941—1945, Dokumenta, knjiga I, II, Beograd 1986, III, Beograd 1987, 567 + 557 + 877 str.
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The author disputes the assertions of Antonio Pitamitz in the article »The Whole Truth About the Massacre of the Italians in Venezia Giulia«. On the basis of literature and various sources he rejects the statements of Pitamitz who had been misled by the collaborationist and neo-fascist journalism. He points out errors and deformations, giving markedly different view of the events in Venezia Giulia in the years 1943 to 1945.
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Drawing on archival and newspaper sources the author discusses the labour movement in the Pohorje area from its beginning to the outbreak of World War I. He assesses the growth of workers' organizations, elections, May Day celebrations and workers' meetings.
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The review of: Dachau, zbornik, Založba Borec, Ljubljana 1981, 534 str
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The liberation of Vijenac on the 11th May of 1994 was one of the most significant victories of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the area of northeastern Bosnia during the Bosnian war. On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of this important battle, we present several articles that were published in the war press and deal with the battle of Vijenac; mostly from the publications of the Second Corps and the Second operative group of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. These articles are important and interesting historical sources today – primarily about the battle of Vijenac itself, but also about the effect this victory had on the soldiers and members of the Bosnian Army.
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The author discusses certain aspects of the Trieste working classes and the reaction of their political organizations and trade unions to the new structures of the Italian capital which, after the year 1918 replaced the Austro-Hungarian on the Trieste capital market. The social and national problems of the Trieste socialists coincided with marked fractional conflicts within the Italian Socialist Party. The intervention of Fascism and the repressive power of the State suppressed the revolutionary zeal of the Trieste working classes.
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The article outlines research in recent decades on the history of mobility and migration in the premodern era. The increasingly advanced methods and sources used have fueled debate on the actual level of spatial and social mobility in bygone societies. An interdisciplinary approach to the subject matter of study and the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods have resulted in a picture showing a relatively high rate of human mobility, especially with regard to internal migrations and micromobility, in premodern Europe. To gain a better understanding of the migration mechanisms, the research has been focused on local communities (both those that sent off and those that received migrants), migration strategies, and in particular on rural-to-urban movements, as sources of social change.
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This article focuses on the history of the family and households in eighteenth-century Ukraine. The aim of the article is to observe the demographical characteristics of craftsman guild families and households in the Cossack Hetmanate (an autonomous Cossack territory situated on the Left Bank of the Dnieper River) in the cities of Poltava, Pereiaslav and Nizhyn. Calculations are based on the General Description of the Left-bank Ukraine of 1765–1766. In the article, population size indicators for the artisan households and their families are established. Family household types are defined on the basis of works by Peter Lasslett and Cezary Kuklo. Craft specialization is taken into account for clarifying the influence of the occupation on the size of the households and family household types. The calculations were made separately for the crafts that were the most widespread in all the cities: weaving, blacksmithing, tailoring, shoemaking and butchering.
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This article postulates revising the previous arrangements for demographic change in modern Gdańsk, which were devised nearly 30 years ago by the Gdańsk researcher Jan Baszanowski, who died prematurely in 1989, and which appeared in a posthumously-published monograph. Baszanowski’s calculations, based only on tables of vital statistics drawn up by municipal agencies, should be compared with entries in the registers (relatively wellpreserved for the modern period) from Gdańsk parishes (both Protestant and Catholic). Analysis of the registers will also provide new data. Without questioning the general statistical trends outlined in Baszanowski’s findings, it is absolutely imperative to return to research on the demography of Gdańsk and other cities in Royal Prussia.
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The main purpose of the paper is to familiarize readers with the parish registers kept by the pastors of the Calvinist (French) commune in Szczecin. They allow us to follow changes in the number of births, marriages and deaths among the French community in the city for 220 years (from 1721 to 1943). The article discusses the structure of all of the books kept by the commune as well as the changes occurring in the commune. This material also aims to encourage potential researchers to become interested in the source provided.
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This study aims at finding the level of literacy among people marrying in two parishes of the city of Cracow in the first half of the 19th century. The ability to sign the marriage contract is then analyzed within the context of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the individuals. Thus far, scant attention has been paid to this issue in the Polish historiography. Hence, this paper is an attempt to at least partially fill this gap. This research was based on the civil marriage registers from two city parishes – St. Florian and Holy Cross (1810–1846). The database contains information on 2790 individuals. The data was analyzed with the use of traditional methods (descriptive statistics, Maggiolo methods) and logistic regression models. The results show the links between literacy and independent variables (age, civil status, occupation, geographic origin, parents’ vital status etc.) in the form of odds ratios.
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The issue of the incomplete civil registration of Jewish marriages in areas of Poland occupied by Austria between 1772 and 1918 (the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and the Grand Duchy of Cracow) demands closer analysis and clarification. Marriage records are very important in genealogy and historical demography; thus, irregularities in their registration rate can have a serious impact on the accuracy of data. Also, the legal status of a child (legitimate or illegitimate) can be an important factor that should not be neglected and need to be well understood. We collected data on the births and marriages of Jews from the city of Cracow and employed the procedure of family reconstitution to analyze families with parents who were officially married (legitimate), who had never married (illegitimate) and where marriage occurred years after the children were born (legitimized by subsequent marriage). This allowed the authors to study the dynamics of both the phenomenon of “ritual marriage” as such (when it appears, reaches its peak and vanishes) and of the families (how many and how often children are being born and when such marriage can ultimately become legitimized).
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The article uses data contained in the records of the legitimization of children made in the District Court of the Radomsko District between 1845 and 1874. Using the statistical method, the analysis was based on sex, age, social and territorial origin, names and surnames of the children. Most of the children were born out of wedlock to parents from the lower social classes in the judicial district under study. They did not have first names that would stigmatize them and most often bore their mother’s maiden name. Almost all the cases of legitimization concerned male offspring, mostly mature men. Most often, parents wanted to prove that their son was an only son, which was associated with the desire to protect him from serving in the Russian army.
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In 1848 the world was ravaged by one of the deadliest cholera outbreaks of the 19th century. From among the Northwestern Russian governorates, it was Mogilev which suffered most and where, over a sixmonth period, over 48,000 people fell sick, of whom 31.4% eventually died of the plague. When taking the incidence rate into consideration, the districts of Orsza and Sienno were hardest hit as, due to both the geophysical conditions (large numbers of bogs, swamps, periodic river floods, high soil moisture etc.) and the prevailing social and civilizational determinants (poor sanitary conditions in the towns and villages, the lack of water supply lines or sewage systems, low pure water accessibility, very limited medical care etc.) the Vibrio cholerae had particularly favorable conditions for development. The article presents the conditions for the development of the outbreak, its course, and the methods of treatment for a disease which was poorly understood at that time.
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The article presents deaths in the Rzeszów parish between the years 1876–1913, based on the parish register. Attention was paid to facts, which could confirm (or deny) the process of the first demographic transition. This took place in Galicja at the turn of the 20th century and was marked by a decrease in death intensity, a subsequent increase in birth rate followed by temporary high population growth, only to establish a low, stable level in the final phase. The analysis takes into account the population of the parish, the number of deaths, death rate, stillbirths, structure of deaths according to sex, age and causes of death, along with the average age of the deceased. Statistical methods were used.
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The article concerns the Jewish community living in Bialystok, northeastern Poland’s largest city, who, in the post-war period, lived through processes which led to its complete disappearance. As a consequence of World War II, the population of the community decreased from over 40,000 to a maximum of 1,500. The research revealed further changes, mainly caused by migratory movements and the process of acculturation. Further subjects of study were the structure of the sex and age of this population, very much altered due to the Holocaust, and the professional structure, shaped by attempts to return to pre-war occupations, but undergoing changes due to political reforms in Poland. The condition of the Białystok Jews is a clear example of the situation in which this minority found itself in post-war Poland. For this reason, this issue may be interesting not only for local and regional researchers, but also for those interested in the fate of Jews in Central and Eastern Europe, the demographic consequences of World War II as well the nationalist policy of communist governments and the effects of the forced socio-economic changes resulting from them.
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My paper reviews a book on internal migrations and the micromobility of peasants in 18th-century northern Burgundy. Its author set out to demonstrate the significance of geographical mobility and its widespread occurrence, mostly through the statistical analysis of mass sources. The work is an example of the use of mixed methods and diverse sources. Jeremy Hayhoe primarily based his research on the depositions of witnesses in court trials (previously largely unused), the Napoleonic Census (1808–1813), tax registers, and marriage records. Based on these sources, a database of 70,000 records was compiled. The research covered marital exogamy, ratios of local to incoming populations, distances covered, and annual migration rates. The book discusses migrations in terms of their duration, pull and push factors, human motivations, and the ways in which local communities tried to regulate the inflows of people. The research indicates that a majority of the population of rural areas in eighteenth-century northern Burgundy experienced migration in their individual lives. This was usually motivated by economic reasons and undertaken over short distances. While movements of a temporary nature were predominant, they played an important role in the functioning of local communities.
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The article discusses problems of the rise of the town chancery in Görlitz and the early practices of registration of legal acts, based on the oldest part of the first book of records of the town, the so-called Red Book. The legal acts registered in the book were discussed according to their classification used in medieval Görlitz: all of them were classified as Resignationes, Entscheide, Obligationes, or Recognitiones. Some attention was also devoted to the fragments of the Red Book that could be treated as elements of the governance system of the town, where not only private transactions were noted, but also cases important for the community of townspeople.
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