Sytuacja wyznaniowa w województwie elbląskim w latach 1978–1984 w świetle sprawozdania z wizytacji Wydziału do Spraw Wyznań w Elblągu w 1985 roku

Author(s): Andrzej B. Krupa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2024

In 1985, the Office for Denominational Affairs in Warszawa inspected the Department for Denominational Affairs in Elbląg. The resulting protocol shows the denominational situation in the Elbląg voivodship in the period from 1978 to 1984. In its light, the Catholic Church appears as a centre of spiritual life, carrying out varied specialist pastoral work and developing church building. Other churches and religious associations comprised a relatively small group of believers in the Elbląg voivodeship. Their activities did not extend beyond the religious framework.

Malowidło ścienne z przedstawieniem Czternastu Świętych Wspomożycieli w kościele w Morągu

Author(s): Jakub Małek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2024

The purpose of this article is to discuss recent research on the 15th-century wall paintings preserved in the chancel of the Church of St. Apostles Peter and Paul in Morąg (Warmia / Ermland), with emphasis on the composition related to the representation of the Fourteen Holy Helpers. These paintings, despite their poor state of preservation and not high artistic value constituting one of the most important monuments of Late Gothic painting in Prussia, have so far not been fully analyzed in monographic or comparative terms – most of the issues presented in this article are discussed here for the first time. The research was based on an analysis of historical sources pertaining to the parish church and the castle in Morąg, as well as on a wide range of literature on the subject. Its primary tool was a thorough autopsy of the paintings. The research problems include issues: of form, as well as iconography, with attempts at dating. As a result, it was possible to accurately identify individual scenes: including the theme accompanying the Fourteen Helpers, discussed in the literature (which turned out to be a depiction of the miracle in Frakenthal in 1448), to put their ideological content both in the context of universal symbolic meanings and local tradition, to expend the entire cycle at the turn of the 3rd and 4th quarters of the 15th century.

Chrystologia w „Expositio Symboli Apostolorum” Jana z Kwidzyna

Author(s): Przemysław Artemiuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2024

Expositio Symboli Apostolorum is a work by John of Kwidzyn (Johannes Marienwerder), which is a unique source of late medieval theology. The aim of this article is to find the key Christological motifs contained in the Exposition of the Apostolic Creed, their presentation and analysis. The conclusions formulated in the last part of the article are an attempt to characterize the Christology practiced by John of Kwidzyn with particular reference to its contemporary fundamental theological form. The Christology of John of Kwidzyn is conditioned by the theme of the creed. Individual articles provide a framework for the analyzes conducted by the Kwidzyn theologian, which take the form of a justification or apology. Extracting Christological threads from the comments, it is easy to see how Master John’s lecture differs from contemporary Christology, both dogmatic and fundamental. The medieval theologian conducts Christological analyzes on the margins of his commentaries. Therefore, this Christology does not have a comprehensive form, but is focused on the motifs present in the Confession of Faith. The Christological motifs present in the Expositio Symboli Apostolorum of John of Kwidzyn allow us to define this form of Christology as deeply biblical, integral, reaching back to the scholastic method, recalling such doctors of the Church as St. Augustine or Saint Tomasz, who has a clear soteriological orientation.

Śpiew w Triduum Paschalnym z perspektywy reformy liturgicznej na przykładzie parafialnego chóru w Klewkach

Author(s): Sławomir Ropiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2024

Since 1989 the four-voice mixed choir named after Elzbieta Golebiowska has been active in the Roman Catholic parish of St Lawrence in Klewki (the Warmian Archdiocese). On the example of the collection of chants of this ensemble analysed in this article, we can see the liturgical-musical changes that occur in the celebration of the Paschal Triduum, especially in communities far removed from the cathedral model. In the repertoire of the choir from Klewki we can see a tendency to abandon Gregorian chant and chants referring to Cecilian ideas, common in performance practice as late as the first half of the last century. The collection of pieces prepared by the choristers from Klewki for the Paschal Triduum celebrations is dominated by the repertoire originating from the academic environment of the Dominicans in Krakow and the style represented by contemporary composers of sacred music and conductors animating nationwide liturgical-music workshops. In accordance with church legislation, the choir in Klewki contributes to the celebrations of the entire congregation, and the polyphonic compositions it performs are thematically integrated into the liturgical action. The main theological content of the post-Vatican II reformed liturgy of the Paschal Triduum can be distinguished in these chants: The Eucharist as a banquet of love, the redemptive death of Jesus Christ on the cross and the paschal joy of the baptised at the Lord’s resurrection.

Marcin Mleczak, Apostołowie i technokraci. Elity polityczne Hiszpanii frankistowskiej, Wydawnictwo Arcana: Kraków 2022, ss. 381

Author(s): Andrzej Franciszek Dziuba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2024

Zprávy Literárního archivu

Author(s): Petr Kotyk,Lukáš Prokop,Zdeněk Freisleben / Language(s): Czech Issue: 55/2023

This paper contains s collection of short reports, obituaries, and more on the following topics: 1. New Acquisitions of the Literary Archive of the Museum of Czech Literature in 2022 2. The Fortunes of the Jaroslav Hašek Papers in the Literary Archive of the Museum of Czech Literature 3. A Forgotten Swiss Writer in Prague and His Friend Fred Bérence, Duchoslav Foršt, and Their Personal Papers in the Literary Archive of the Museum of Czech Literature 4. The BZ 12 Air-raid Shelter The Repository of the Library of the Museum of Czech Literature in Kladno 5. Magnetic Fields In Memory of Růžena Hamanová (1942–2023)

Grădini de copii în Chişinăul interbelic

Author(s): Ion Valer Xenofontov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

Based on unpublished historical sources, statistical data of the period, specialized literature, etc., the first stage of primary education in interwar Chisinau was researched and analyzed, namely schools for young children (kindergartens), provided for children aged 4-7, being optional for children aged 4-5 and mandatory for those aged 5-7 in the localities where such institutions operated. After the Union in 1918, state kindergartens operated in Chisinau next to primary schools or in separate spaces. Towards the end of the interwar period, the number of kindergartens was 23. Specialized staff (teachers) for kindergartens were trained at the Girls’ Normal School forKindergartens „Florica Niţa”. For a short time, the Normal School for Kindergarten Leaders operated in the capital of Bessarabia. In order to obtain the teaching qualification of a second-degree teacher, kindergarten monographs were developed. The article presents several case studies of kindergartens in Chisinau in the period between the two world wars. There were certain „specializations” of kindergartens. Some were specialized in interactive games, others - orchestra, physical activities, etc. Some kindergartens were equipped with specialized libraries for children and parents. Local authorities and School Committees provided material resources for maintenance, logistics.

Tradițiile de înmormântare la românii din stânga Prutului: studiu de caz satul Cimișeni, raionul Criuleni

Author(s): Carolina Cotoman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

This article presents a description of the sequence of the burial ritual that is currently practiced in the village of Cimișeni, Criuleni district. The aim of the study is to better understand the traditions and spiritual manifestations of the traditional man, his relationship with the environment at a crucial moment in life, by analyzing various rituals we were able to observe what are the traditional folk beliefs related to death. In this area, conservative features have been preserved until now, the locals have managed to preserve most of their customs in the form in which they were practiced by their ancestors. We will try to focus on some essential and at the same time indicative aspects, such as: the meaning of customs and traditions for a person; how are life and death represented in the imagination of a traditional religious person. At the same time, the message will briefly present the main elements of the burial customs of the village of Cimișeni, Criuleni district. These are: ominous signs of death with practices to alleviate death and three main stages characteristic of the rites of passage (separation from the world of the living, preparation of the deceased for the transition to another world and integration into the other world). However, it should be noted that this area is also gradually losing its customs as a result of globalization, so I think it is important to capture and record these customs and traditions.

Chronology of the Middle Paleolithic in the Carpathian Area – Past and Present

Author(s): Marian Cosac / Language(s): English Issue: 56/2023

The Romanian Carpathians have a considerable number of active and fossil caves, with a high archaeological potential for the Paleolithic period. If in the statistics of 1976, a number of 1.884 caves were recorded, recently, in 2019, approximately 12.000 caves are mentioned, of which 2.908 are fossils and have sedimentary packages that can archive human activity. From all these, only about 10 caves have benefited from systematic archaeological research. Caves with evidence from the Middle Paleolithic seemed, until recently, to be concentrated in the Southern Carpathians, but the results obtained recently from the karst of the Vârghiş Gorge, the Perşani Mountains (Eastern Carpathians), draw attention to the necessity to expand archaeological research in the entire area of the Romanian Carpathians.

Histria. Nouvelles données sur le trajet du rempart hellénistique de l’Acropole

Author(s): Mircea V. Angelescu / Language(s): French Issue: 56/2023

This article aims to organize the information at our disposal on the construction technique and how the Acropolis fortification of the Hellenistic period fulfills its role as the main element of the defense of the central part of the citadel, but also as the main element of the military defense of the city from the last third of the IVth century BC.-to the beginning of the IInd century AD. We do not know what were the responsibilities of the public servants called “wall watchmen” in the inscriptions of the time, but their existence proves it, at least in the second half of the IIIrd century BC., there were Histrians whose public mission was linked to maintaining the good condition of the city defense walls. Some of the results of the excavations made in the South of the site are also presented.

MAKARSKA U OSMANSKO DOBA – UGROŽENO TRGOVIŠTE NA GRANICI CARSTVA

Author(s): Faruk Taslidža / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2024

his paper points out the significance of Makarska as part of the Herzegovinian Sanjak during the two-century Ottoman rule. The border area location of that small coastal town is highlighted, which was quite limiting in terms of development. In this regard, continuous threats, i.e. hostility from the neighboring Venetian Dalmatia, are mentioned. The focus is on the port of Makarska, a commercial pier, as a destination of economic importance both for the local population and Visoka Port. Attention was also drawn to a number of difficulties in the functioning of the aforementioned pier, where mostly salt brought from the Venetian salt pans was sold. The role of the Makarska Franciscans and their monastery, which was formed, devastated, but also rebuilt in the indicated period, is emphasized. A brief overview of the social status of the inhabitants of the Makarska littoral is also given. Their willingness to cancel their loyalty to the sultan in wartime circumstances and show favor to the Republic of Venice was clarified.

Kontakty mieszczan krakowskich z duchowieństwem w świetle wzajemnego świadkowania na dokumentach (XIII–XIV wiek)

Author(s): Jerzy Rajman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2024

This article is an attempt to present the issue of mutual witnessing between the clergy and the burghers of Cracow on documents issued by them. The analysis covers the documents from the 13th–14th centuries (up to the year 1412). Mutual witnessing is revealed by six burgher documents (with clergymen appearing on them as witnesses) and 34 documents of ecclesiastical and clerical institutions (with Cracow burghers appearing on them as witnesses). It has been found that in the testation of documents issued by the city council of Cracow and by the college of jurors there is a lack of citation of any witnesses, including clergymen. The burghers of Cracow appeared as witnesses on a total of 34 documents issued by the clergy and church institutions. This was 73 citizens of the city, giving an average of just over two per document. We can observe the repetition of burghers’ witnesses in nine cases, most of them twice. Most burghers witnessed on monastic documents. Very numerous was the participation in the witness lists of representatives of the town elite – aldermen, councillors and jurors. In a few cases it is possible to point to family connections of burghers-witnesses with the clergy and neighbourhood in the sense of place of residence.

Church № 4 from the Murfatlar Rock Complex – Some Newly Documented Graffiti Along the East-West Axis and Their Analogies

Author(s): Evgenia KOMATAROVA-BALINOVA,Yavor Miltenov,Antoaneta Granberg / Language(s): English Issue: 56/2023

The occasion for yet another archaeological documentation in the research history of the Murfatlar rock monastery was provided by the continuous excavations (2005– 2010) of one particular site in Pliska – the so-called Round stone platform. Its rediscovery occurred a decade later in relation to a special study focused on the graffiti incised on 2% of the building material, most of which are invisible to the naked eye and convey Christian symbols, personages and scenes of Biblical character. These circumstances brought the research team to the most certain (and best preserved) possible analogy-the rock monastic complex of Murfatlar, in Constanţa County, Romania. The subject of this paper are the graffiti along the east-west axes in Church № 4. The photographic documentation of April 2022 attempted to cover with maximum precision all carvings, especially the shallowest ones and those that are practically invisible to the naked eye. As long as a drawing of this graffito has not been published so far, it can be said now that the so far unknown details in it are: additions and/or thorough corrections of the two Cyrillic inscriptions, as well as two rune-like inscriptions. We have completed full photographic and graphic visualization of the images, with details of the two human figures and that of the bird.

A Settlement from the Late Middle Ages Near Vrashka Chuka, Vidin Region, Northwest Bulgaria

Author(s): Elena VASILEVA / Language(s): English Issue: 56/2023

Site 1/1000 was explored in connection with the construction of the Balkan Stream gas pipeline in 2019. The site spans several periods: the Bronze Age and the early Iron Age, the Roman period, the Middle Ages, and the Late Middle Ages. Archaeological materials and structures that can be dated to the Ottoman period (15th–17th centuries), based on the ceramic material and many other finds, were found mainly in the western part of the site and are probably temporary dwellings. Two dwellings, two metallurgical furnaces, and numerous pits were investigated. Numerous metal objects were discovered for this period. Among them, the variety of adornments is particularly impressive -rings, earrings and ear pendants, pendants of various shapes, pierced coins, belt pieces, etc. They are made in complex techniques such as filigree, granulation, etc.

The Journey of the Spiral Hair Ornaments During the Third Millennium BC. How Did It Become So Popular?

Author(s): Zheni Vasileva / Language(s): English Issue: 56/2023

During the 3rd millennium BC., the art of jewelry making flourished in the Balkans, the Aegean, Anatolia, and in the world beyond. Ancient societies made and use various pieces of jewelry. The aim of the present study is to extend the history of metal hair rings of the 3rd millennium BC. beyond traditional typological studies and to examine their journey through societies by presenting some of the most representative pieces. The archaeological evidence from a number of archaeological sites demonstrates the remarkable evolution of metal hair rings.

Un inel cu gemă descoperit recent în Dacia Superior

Author(s): Radu Ota,Anca MATIȘ,Ovidiu-Maxim OARGĂ / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 56/2023

The subject of this article is the analysis of an iron ring that has a sardonyx gem mounted with the representation of the goddess Ceres, discovered by chance in the spring of 2019, in the territory of Tibru village, Cricău commune, Alba County. The town is located in the western area of the Transylvanian Depression, at the foot of the Trascău Mountains, a subdivision of the Western Carpathians. The piece had been donated by a local resident who discovered it by chance near the source of the Tiber stream, which springs from the Trascău Mountains and flows into the Galda valley, which in turn flows into the Mureş (Maris) river. This constitutes an important hydrographic artery of Roman Dacia. Traces of Roman habitation from a villa rustica, a votive relief and altar dedicated to Diana, a votive altar dedicated to Jupiter Optimus Maximus and other artefacts have been discovered over time in the village of Tibru. The ring has in bibliography a broad dating, from the century I–III AD., but, in our opinion, the gem can be dated at the IInd century AD, due to the fine execution of the engraved image of the goddess and with numerous details related to the garments.

Roman Gemstones from North-Eastern Turkey

Author(s): Ergün Lafli,Martin HENIG / Language(s): English Issue: 56/2023

In this short paper a group of gemstones curated in the Museum of Amasya in north-eastern Turkey will be presented most of which belong to second-third century AD.

Liburnija u reklami: prikaz turističkoga razvoja Liburnije kroz tri stoljeća

Author(s): Anastazija Vlastelić,Rene Čipanj-Banja / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2024

The development of tourism in Liburnia, with Opatija as its tourist centre, dates back to the mid-19th century. Since then, several phases of tourism development in this region can be identified: from being a winter destination for prominent people from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, through emphasizing its spa and bathing qualities, and transformation into a music and entertainment centre, as well as a centre for health, spa, congress, and family tourism.The paper provides an overview of the advertising of Liburnia as a tourist destination in Croatian and Hungarian magazines and on websites during three periods of its development: its early stages at the end of the 19th and in the early 20th century, between the two World Wars, and in modern times. The focus is on the persuasive elements of Croatian and Hungarian advertising texts, specifically on the analysis of content that promotes the advantages of the destination and invites potential guests during each of the three mentioned periods.

Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg: Lodz

Author(s): Winson Chu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Review of: Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg: Lodz. Geschichte einer multikulturellen Industriestadt im 20. Jahrhundert. Brill Schöningh. Paderborn 2022. VI, 502 S., Ill., Kt. ISBN 978-3-506- 79380-5. (€ 59,–.).

Joshua D. Zimmerman: Jozef Pilsudski

Author(s): Robert Blobaum / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Review of: Joshua D. Zimmerman: Jozef Pilsudski. Founding Father of Modern Poland. Harvard University Press. Cambridge – London 2022. XVI, 623 S., III. ISBN 978-0-674-98427-1. (€ 31,95.)