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Piotr Zaremba (1910–1993) was the first post-war president of Szczecin, an internationally renowned urban planner and planner, and the author of fascinating memories of the first post-war years. He was also the winner of several plebiscites, a specific game crowning the end of the previous century. The verdict of the participants was recognized as “Szczecin of the century” and “Pomerania of the century”. It is therefore astonishing that there is no extensive biography of the former rector of the Szczecin University of Technology and one of the co-founders of the University of Szczecin, although it would have been a study that would have given contemporary people considerable knowledge about the important problems of 20th century history. Not only regional, but also national and European history. By discussing selected threads: family, urban and political, the author of the article tries to show, on the one hand, the richness of source material connected with Piotr Zaremba’s biography and, on the other hand, the possibility of multi-faceted lighting of its individual fragments. He tries to multiply the questions more than to give final answers. For these to appear, an extensive biographical book is necessary. In the second part of the text, therefore, the aim of the text is to analyse the reasons why serious biographical reflection on Piotr Zaremba does not exist, despite the fact that he is an emblematic figure for Szczecin and Western Pomerania. The author also follows whether the case under examination is something exceptional for the West Pomeranian biography, characterising the state of biographical writing in relation to people relevant to the post-war history of the region. This seems to me to be a particularly justified question in a situation where biography – after years of neglect in this area – has for some time become an extremely popular genre of historical writing in Poland, giving historians the opportunity to go far beyond the circle set by academic circles with their message. The article is based on a wide range of archival queries, often referring to documentation that has not been in scientific circulation so far.
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Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą syntetycznego opracowania monografii radomskiego kapłana. Analiza polegała na chronologicznym odtworzeniu poszczególnych etapów życia ks. Sikorskiego zgodnie z zebranym materiałem źródłowym. W pracy przedstawiono środowisko, z którego wyrósł, oraz scharakteryzowano pierwsze miejsca jego pracy kapłańskiej na wikariatach i posługę kapelana oddziałów partyzanckich AK. Omówiono okres probostwa w Głowaczowie wraz ze specyfiką prowadzonego duszpasterstwa, odbudową kościoła parafialnego oraz kontaktami z władzą państwową. W dalszej części ukazano działalność proboszcza w radomskiej parafii św. Jana Chrzciciela, opisano duszpasterstwo, wysiłki, które ks. Sikorski podejmował na rzecz powstawania nowych obiektów sakralnych w Radomiu, oraz postawę, jaką prezentował, pełniąc funkcję dziekana radomskiego. W pracy wykorzystano kościelne i państwowe źródła archiwalne oraz dostępne opracowania.
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Kościół w Budsławiu jest głównym białoruskim ośrodkiem maryjnym. Od początku istnienia (XVI w.), miejscowość ta była związana z działalnością zakonu bernardynów. Pozostawali oni wiernymi kustoszami i promotorami religijnej kultury muzycznej aż do połowy XIX w. Po kasacji zakonu (1858) świątynię oddano duchowieństwu diecezjalnemu. Bernardyni powrócili do budsławskiego sanktuarium w 1996 r., a jego rangę znacząco podniosło wpisanie Festynu Budsławskiego na listę UNESCO w 2018 r.Ojcowie bernardyni pozostawili po sobie nieprzebadane jeszcze dziedzictwo związane z sanktuarium w Budsławiu. W artykule wskazano na trzy świadectwa historyczne, jakimi są: zespół muzyczny, antyfonarz i organy. Zachowane dokumenty pozwalają na niepełną rekonstrukcję dziejów zespołu, częściowe odtworzenie listy muzyków oraz inwentarza partytur i instrumentów. Nasilające się represje nie pozwoliły na odbudowę zespołu. Kapela muzyczna w świątyni budsławskiej funkcjonowała ok. 100 lat (od połowy XVIII do połowy XIX w.). Opisany rękopis liturgiczny przechowywany obecnie w Narodowym Muzeum Historycznym Republiki Białorusi w Mińsku (sygn. КП 13633), znany jako antyfonarz, pochodzi z XVIII w. Strona tytułowa, zawartość i styl pisma nutowego wskazują jego bernardyńską proweniencję. Do dziś zachowały się organy zbudowane w 1783 r. przez Nikolausa Jantzenego. Ten 20-głosowy instrument był poddawany mało udokumentowanym renowacjom. Wiadomo, że pewnych zmian dokonał na początku XX w. Piotr Wojciechowicz, natomiast ok. 1923 r. prace przy organach budsławskich prowadziła firma Wacława Biernackiego.
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La fin de la „grève royale” (janvier 1946), grâce à la remaniation du gouvernement dr. Pierre Groza, par l’inclusionde deux représentants du rang secondaire des partis traditionnels (Parti National Paysan-Maniu et Parti National Libéral-Bratiano), à la suite des contraintes des trois Grands Pouvoirs vainqueurs dans la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale, a été succédée par la reconnaissance du gouvernement pro-communiste par la Grande Brétagneet les États-Unis, à condition de respecter les droits fondamentals de l’homme et d’organiser des élections libres, le plus vite possible. La première moitié de l’année 1946 a été marquée par des événements politiques importants, visibles, aussi, au niveau du département de Timiş-Torontal: la transformation de l’Union des Patriotes (organisation de masse du Parti Communiste) dans le Parti National-Populaire, destiné à inclure les intellectuels; le Congrès extraordinaire du Parti Social-Démocrate, qui a consacré la victoire de l’„aile” pro-communiste (Radaceano-Voitec); les démissions, les destitutions, les sanctions disciplinaires et les exclusions parmi les membresdes deux partis ouvriers (Parti Social-Démocrate et Parti Communiste Roumain); la continuation de l’action de déportation des allemands dans l’Union Soviétique, décidée par la Commission Alliée de Contrôle, motif de querelle entre le Parti Communiste Roumain et le Parti Social-Démocrate; l’implication du Front Unique Ouvrier et du Front National Démocratique dans l’apaisement des conflits de travail et des questions sociales, en général; lasurveillance de l’activité des anciens légionnaires; l’organisation d’une nouvelle alliance politique, le Bloc des Partis Démocratiques, aussi dominée par le Parti Communiste, de la même manière avec l’alliance précédente (le Front National Démocratique); le déclenchement de la campagne électorale, qui sera dominée par de nombreux abus, illégalités et désordres, le but final de celle-ci en étant l’élimination de l’opposition réelle (représentée par le Parti National Paysan-Maniu, le Parti National Libéral-Bratiano et le Parti Social-Démocrate Indépendant, dirigé par l’ancien président social-démocrate, l’avocat Constantin-Titel Petresco) et la légitimation, par le vote populaire, dela coalition gouvernementale, contrôlée, presque toute entière, par le Parti Communiste Roumain. En conclusion, dans la première moitié de l’année 1946, la vie politique du département de Timiş-Torontal s’avérerassez agité, en se préparant la confrontation finale entre le Pouvoir et l’Opposition, ayant des conceptions antagoniques concernant l’évolution de la société roumaine.
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The book regarding the artists from Timişoara signed by István Berkeszi in 1909, Temesvári művészek, emphasises the activity of the two painters settled in the citadel of Timişoara in the second half of the 18th century. Yet this path breaking book has also initiated several incorrect theories concerning the first artists settled in the town. Thus, the author states that Johann Michael Wagner, the artist migrated here from Vienna, might have been the father of the painter from Timişoara, Anselm Wagner. By acquiring the items of art signed or only assigned to Anselm, the book’s author, who had also been the museum’s custodian at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, he also increased the museum’s collections with numerous works connected to this painter’s active period of time. In his enthusiasm expressed in the disclosure of Anselm Wagner, the first academic painter from Timişoara, Berkeszi assigned a great deal of works to him. In the historiography of the art from Banat (and not only) the paintings and pastels – although obviously different from the technical and stylistic viewpoint – are mentioned as valuable creations of this artist from Timişoara at the end of the century. However, the pastel works inserted in the collection of the former Museum of Archeology and History were created by another painter, a traveler to these lands, József Frigyes Wagner, the one who had made numerous works like this for the limited partners from the region while wandering all over Transylvania. Berkeszi’s book, a very good book of reference illustrating the artistic context of this period of time (from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century) was also cited by most art critics as all data provided by the author were assumed. The article undertakes the presentation of some information and corrections regarding the biography and creation of the three Wagner artists (Johann Michael Wagner, Anselmus Wagner and József Frigyes Wagner) whose works can be found in the collections from Banat.
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By publishing this article, we aim to illustrate the strategy of acquiring cultural assets and attracting gifts of such art objects in order to enrich the heritage of the Visual Arts Department established in December 2017 within the National Museum of Banat. During the year 2018, a large number objects, more exactly 4,506 items, were registered in the inventories of the Visual Arts Department, out of which 4,338 objects received as gifts, of extremely diverse typologies: paintings, sculptures, graphic works, ceramic, glass and metal objects, furniture, textiles and clothing accessories from different periods, and the archive of Virgil Birou (1903–1968), writer and art collector. In addition, with the financial support of the Timiş County Council, there were purchased 168 art objects.
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In the late 17th century professor (later also the rector) of the Academy in Greifswald, Benjamin Potzerne (1665–1699), announced a project of a biobibliographical dictionary which was to contain biographies and the subjective bibliographies of the native Pomeranians, as well as of other inhabitants of Pomerania, who published here their works. The dictionary, inspired by the work of Johann Moller (1661–1725) and Daniel Georg Morhof (1639–1691), and – indirectly – Szymon Starowolski (1588–1656), was not eventually written because of the author’s sudden death. The article discusses the assumptions of the project and demonstrates its place among other achievements of this type at the time.
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The text comprises selected fragments of the official Latin correspondence between the Academic Gymnasium in Szczecin and the Academic Gymnasium in Gdańsk which in 1758 celebrated its 200 anniversary. These texts were printed in Gdańsk somewhere around 1758–1759 in a special jubilee publication Acta iubilaei secundi Gymnasii Gedanensis… They were authored probably by the then rector of the Szczecin school Heinrich Moritz Titz. Formally, it is a congratulation letter (one of the two officially sent from Szczecin to Gdańsk), which expressed the response of the school community to the Gdańsk jubilee. The letter was accompanied with a programma, which can be understood as an announcement of the Gdańsk jubilee. The community of the professors of the Academic Gymnasium in Szczecin addressed this announcement to its students and the prominent members of the local municipal community. These writings exemplify the institutional contacts within the Respublica litteraria. They were transcribed and translated into the Polish language. They are preceded by an Introduction in which I commented their content and form, and took an attempt to explain the role of this correspondence among many other, formally similar, congratulation texts in the Acta iubilaei secundi Gymnasii Gedanensis…
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Located between the mouths of the Danube and the Black Sea, Dobruja is the oldest province of all Romanian territories. The region of Dobruja, the first one to be mentioned by history, is considered to be a veritable linguistic and cultural mosaic which provided equal opportunities for self-assertion to all the ethnic groups that settled in this region featuring a variety of landforms: water for navigation and haulage, forests, fields suitable for agriculture. Even though the pressure of assimilation has been moderate in Dobruja, ever since the middle of the last century, the evolution of society has brought about irredeemable changes in the patriarchal lifestyle of all ethnic communities there. Some of the disruptive factors which enabled such transformations are: the disappearance of traditional villages, the proximity of a majority group or another ethnic group seen as superior, marriages outside the group, the phasing out of folk creators, as well as of vocal and instrumental performers, economic globalisation, etc. Meanwhile, there has been an impact on dialects, interpersonal relations within groups, the musical and choreographic repertoire, organology, customs, traditional dress, etc. The history of the appearance, development, transformation, and perfection of folk instruments helps us understand in a more substantial and comprehensive manner their role and function in the musical and cultural universe of each people. The present study aims to highlight the dynamics of the ethno-folkloric organology representative for the Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, Turkish, Tatar, and Lipovan Russian communities in Dobruja, in accordance with the transformations which occurred in rural society. Irrespective of the ethnic group under discussion, the traditional musical instruments used in community practices either belong to the group and were created to serve a well-established purpose or have been assimilated from majority cultures and adapted to the group’s own spiritual and aesthetic experiences.
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On November the 9th, 1924, armed Montenegrins of the Orthodox Christian faith attacked the village Šahovići in Montenegro. The motive behind this attack was the revenge for the murder of Boško Bošković, the Mayor of Kolašin county, on November the 7th 1924. At his funeral the allegations were made stating that Bosniak Muslims were responsible for this murder and that it must be revenged for. The massacre of Šahovići village is the most horrible crime committed in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in its peacetime period. Despite this and despite the fact that it was also the most atrocious massive killing we do not have much data or testimonies related to it. In this article we present, until now unpublished pieces of texts from the magazine “Pravda” that relate about this crime and reveal the brutality of the massacre committed in Šahovići village.
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This article relates about life and work of a well-known ‘alim of Visoko of the mid-20th century, hafiz Husnija-ef. Semić. His efforts and contribution marked the work of the Islamic Community of Visoko in that period. The article presents basic biographical data about effendi Husnija and his contribution as an imam and a mua’llim of Perutačka mosque as well as his work in other departments of the Islamic Community of Visoko. Extraordinary contribution of hafiz Semić to the development of hifz and his role in formation of ‘Ilmiyya Sociaty of Bosnia and Herzegovina, are especially emphasised here.
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Obrađujući orijentalne rukopise u Arhivu Hercegovine naišli smo na čitav niz raznoraznih bilježaka i zapisa koji pružaju zanimljive i vrijedne kulturno-istorijske podatke. Od tih bilježaka i zapisa ovdje objavljujemo izvorno i u prevodu tri natpisa, dva zapisa koji pružaju zanimljive podatke iz prošlosti Mostara i jednu staru pjesmu na našem jeziku. Zapise donosimo kronološkim redom a spomenutu pjesmu na kraju.
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First of all in the paper are shown the dioceses to which the region of today’s Gospić-Senj diocese belonged to in history. This is principally the Senj diocese for which data exists saying that it existed back at the beginning of the 5th century. It certainly disappeared at the time of the great migrations of people and reappeared in the mid-12th century. At the beginning of the 17th century it was united with the Modruš diocese (or the Krbava diocese). The Krbava diocese was founded in 1185. The headquarters were transferred in 1460 to Modruš and so it would then be called the Modruš diocese. From the beginning of the 18th century it was called the Modruš or Krbava diocese. In 1460, in the region of the Senj diocese, the Otočac diocese was formed that would last about only 80 years. After the liberation of Lika and Krbava from the Turks the whole of Lika was annexed by the Senj diocese, before the Turks under the Nin diocese, and part of Pozrmanje (Zrmanja basin) which came under the authority of the Austrian monarchy. The same would also happen to the Lapac region, before under the Knin diocese, after liberation (1791) it would go to the Senj diocese. In 1969 the Rijeka-Senj archdiocese was founded into which all that region and the Croatian part of the Rijeka diocese entered. Finally in 2000 the Gospić-Senj diocese was founded to which the five deaneries of the Rijeka-Senj archdiocese went to: Gospić, Ogulin, Otočac, Senj and Slunj. In the second part are the biographies of the bishops, chronologically listed, of all the previously mentioned dioceses. A total of 100 biographies. Amongst them are world-famous figures, such as Nikola of Modruš and Marco Antonio de Dominis, many of them are famous as diplomats in the service of popes and kings, to whom our people are indebted for their work, and the majority of these who by living with the people enlightened them with the spirit of the Gospels. The biographies are not written lexicographically. In the biographies the author has tried to also show the time in which the bishops lived, particularly the conditions in the dioceses that the bishops governed. For such an approach we have an enough data right from the beginning of the 17th century, as before that we have several cases where we are not even sure of the existence of a bishop’s mentioned name. As we get closer to our time so the literature and material multiplies greatly, so that it was necessary to separate only some characteristic information for an individual bishop from all that is known. The information of the first Gospić-Senj bishop Mile Bogović was processed in detail the most.
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At the end of 2009, during restoration and conservation works on the eastern shell of the Nehaj fortress (under the leadership of Blaženka Ljubović, the director of the Senj Town Museum), on the first floor in the outer last part of the loophole, two new stone fragments were found with an identical border, i.e. the identical plant ornamentation which appears on the Senj and Baška tablets. The dimensions of the fragments are 36x45x12 cm and 35-55x45x12 cm, and they were found with their face built into the wall of the loophole. The two newly-found fragments were located built into the complex of the Nehaj fortress and we are inclined to believe that this happened upon the building of the fortress, therefore in the period of 1551 to 1558. At that time upon the orders of Senj’s Captain Ivan Lenković, and for the needs of the construction of the fortress, all the public and church buildings outside the walled town of Senj were demolished. What kind of initial function the two found fragments had, by an analogy with the Baška and Senj tablets, we can, without hesitation, say that they were originally parts of a former single chancel panel of a church rail. On the first fragment – below the border – a field reserved for carving inscriptions is clearly visible. It is completely empty and contains no writing. On the second fragment the inscription field is ruined and very deformed. We could not even determine a possible inscription or individual grapheme on it. Therefore, we are inclined to believe that both fragments are on the whole uninscribed (or unfinished) stone templates, i.e. partition panels (pluteus) of a church rail (saeptum) which divided the space for the clergy (around the altar) from the church nave for the faithful, and was an integral part of the stone furniture of a Senj church building located outside the town walls and used for the construction of the Nehaj fortress in the 16th century. The Benedictine Church/Abbey of St George whose foundations were in fact excavated in Nehaj presumed this possible. As the relationship between the Baška tablet and the Jurandvor fragments has been established, it is therefore also worth placing a relationship between the Senj tablet and the two newly-found fragments. Therefore, we can also date them to the time of the Senj tablet, i.e. the beginning of the 12th century. We leave the defining however of the masonry workshops and the so-called Master of the glagolitic chancel panel – in whose work can be included the newly-found fragments, then the Senj tablet, Baška tablet and the Jurandvor fragments - to art historians to debate for now. Today both fragments are stored in the Senj Town Museum, and inventoried in the museum’s M++ program in the Collection of Stone Monuments under the number ZKS 32 ‘a’ and ‘b’. The fragments are on display in the Glagolitic Heritage of Senj Collection in the Senj Town Museum. In this place and upon this occasion (although they have no glagolitic grapheme) we have suggested the title of Senj tablet II, because they belong to the same cultural-intellectual circle as that of the Senj tablet, as well as the Baška tablet and its Jurandvor fragments.
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This paper is dedicated to the hundredth anniversary of the First World War and the members from Lika of the 79th Infantry Regiment Joint Forces from Otočac (K.u.K. Otočaner Infaterieregiment Graf Jellačić Nr. 79., abbreviated: IR 79), known as the “Jelačićevci”. It was complemented from the regions of Karlobag, Primorje, Gospić, Udbina, Gračac, Zavalje - Korenica, Otočac, Brinje and Slunj. As it contained mostly men from the Lika region it was given the title of “The Lika Regiment”. In the paper is described its participation in the Winter Battles for the Carpathians from 1915, one of the most horrific battles of that war. At the same it is also a tribute to the great sacrifices of this regiment in these bloody operations. Before their arrival at the Carpathians and Galicia the “Jelačićevci” led a bloody battle in Serbia during 1914. The “Jelačićevci” fought in the Austro-Hungarian 7th Infantry Division / Gruppe Szurmay as part of the 3rd army under the command of General Svetozar Borojević. As part of this army one other Croatian general from the Lika region had a very important command function: Pavao pl. Puhalo od Brloga.The paper was written on the basis of available literature, mainly on the modern war study of Graydon Tunstall Blood on the Snow: the Carpathian Winter War of 1915, which he processed the so far poorly researched archives of Gruppe Szurmay which is located in the War Archive in Budapest, and the standard work for the research of the First World War - Österreich-Ungarns letzter Krieg, 1914-1918. (abbreviated to: ÖULK). During the research original materials from the holdings of the Austrian State Archives - Österreichisches Staatsarchiv (ÖeStA) – Kriegsarchiv (KA) were used, primarily operational documentation, battles reports, lists of losses, and other available archive materials. The military terminology is adapted to present official Croatian terminology, and where it was not possible the comparative Croatian and former Austro-Hungarian terms are given, especially for military ranks and formations.
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The primary aim of this paper is to emphasize Jerome's Dalmatian origins, on the occasion of the 1,600th anniversary of his death. There is still no consensus among experts on where Jerome's birthplace was located. Therefore, the author sets out to present the interesting theory of the Croatian archaeologist Frane Bulić, according to which ancient Stridon, Jerome's birthplace, was located in the area between Grahovo and Glamoč in Bosnia and Herzegovina, together with theories on this issue as a contribution to the discussion that began in the Middle Ages. The paper is divided into three parts. The first and second parts briefly present Jerome's life and work with a view to allowing the reader to learn more about this great Western Church Father, especially as we are celebrating the anniversary of his death. The third part deals with theories about the location of Stridon, presenting the arguments of four groups of authors who have dealt with this issue, in order to assess their theories. Finally, the author presents his own argument starting from patristic sources, the texts of Jerome's contemporaries, and Jerome's own texts, seeking to demonstrate that his contemporaries considered Jerome a Dalmatian, leaving the more precise location of Stridon to archaeologists.
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This article aims to present the situation of the German minority in the Republic of Poland. The article will analyze the conditions of this minority in terms of law and history. The article can be divided into two main parts. First will be presented a historical outline. There will be information about the first German settlers on Polish soil, how they functioned in society, what they did, what rights they had, whether they assimilated with Poles, or cultivated their culture, and what relations prevailed between Germans and Poles and the influence partitions and both world wars on these relations. Then, after discussing what these circumstances looked like years ago, the rest of the article will be devoted to modern times. In this part, the activities of the German minority will be reported, how they function in Polish society, how they nurture the culture of their country of origin, what relations connects the German minority with Poles, whether representatives of the German minority act in political life, what organizations they belong to and what German cultural events they organize. Information on statistical data from the 2011 National Census of Population and Housing will be presented, including how many people declare themselves as a German minority and what areas of Poland are mainly inhabited by this minority. There will also be information on legal acts relating to the rights of the German minority in the Republic of Poland.
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The decree of the Polish Committee of National Liberation of September 6, 1944 on the land reform nationalized numerous agricultural properties, changing the ownership structure of the Polish countryside at that time. The aim of the article will be to present the actual state of the property of Lubowicz Wielki, which became a victim of the expropriation contrary to the law at that time. The current proceedings of the legal successors of the former property owners to declare the invalidity of expropriation judgments will be analyzed, as well as the issue of the State Treasury's liability for damages. The considerations will show the unprecedented nature of the facts, the negligence of the current legislator in the issue of re-privatization and the conclusions that result from the implementation of the land reform. The work was largely based on court findings, decisions of administrative bodies, memories of the current heir of Romuald K., testimonies of witnesses, as well as documents that were addressed to numerous bodies and institutions in the years 1949 - 1990. In the facts described by me, there were numerous violations by the expropriation authority, which allowed for the annulment of nationalization judgments by the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2009, and then seeking compensation for damage resulting from the issue of a defective administrative decision, as well as bringing an action to establish the content of the land and mortgage register with the actual legal status, towards real estate owned by the State Treasury. The described facts are a unique and unprecedented example of the restitution of legal successors more than 70 years after the expropriation of their predecessors. The aim of the study is to answer the question of the expropriated owners or their legal successors, whether they can claim any compensation from the State Treasury today for the damage caused as a result of a faulty land reform.
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The publication of the scientific source includes a 1955 letter from Dr. Stasys Abramauskas to the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the LSSR, Justas Paleckis. The author of the letter raised questions about the situation of Lithuanians in the historical Vilnius region, and about cultural heritage. As one possible solution to the problems, a plan for territorial change in Lithuania and Belarus was proposed, i.e., the areas inhabited by Lithuanians could be assigned to the territory of the Lithuanian SSR. The published source has been supplemented with comments and clarifications. The published document is relevant for further research by the humanities and social sciences.
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