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Congresele anuale ale Ligii Culturale- rețea culturală, dezvoltată de Nicolae Iorga între anii 1908-1940

Author(s): Paula Balhui / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The analysis of the documents mentioned in this study helped me to identify the Cultural League as a well-organized association with numerous collaborators and various cultural activities with great impact on the society. We cannot speak of the cultural successes of the Cultural League without mentioning Nicolae Iorga, who, unlike his illustrious predecessors at the head of the League, managed to keep interconnected a group of valuable people from all intellectual levels interconnected, all driven by the enthusiasm and vivacity of the esteemed opinion-maker. They all succeeded in imprinting a current of nationalism and civics in the Romanian society, which subsequently defined us as a nation.In order to demonstrate this, I will briefly review the activities of the annual congresses of the Cultural League, pointing out various social, cultural, ethnic and financial issues debated and agreed on at the meetings organized at these congresses. The information presented is only a part of the vast cultural process that took place at these congresses. My personal conclusion is that these annual congresses of the Cultural League represented an important cultural and promotional support among the popular masses. The activities carried out year after year represented a valuable source of culturalization, which helped the communities to understand the social and cultural context of the time, the spirit of solidarity of the civil society and the civic initiatives, all supporting the process of cultural development of the Romanian society at the beginning of the 20th century.

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Die Organisation des Losbuchs mit 32 Fragen in den Handschriften aus Olmütz, Heidelberg und Edinburgh

Author(s): Jiří Černý,Soňa Černá / Language(s): German Issue: 54/1-2/2024

The collections of the Regional Museum in Olomouc include under the title Olmützer Losbuch a German-language illuminated manuscript. It is an example of a type of lot or oracle book widespread in the Middle Ages, namely the text Losbuch mit 32 Fragen. The study examines the organisation of the Olomouc copy as well as the interconnection of its textual and pictorial elements, and it compares the manuscript with related codices from Heidelberg and Edinburgh. In particular, it analyses and compares the individual patterns, i.e. the elements that help the reader understand the structure and contents of the manuscripts.

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Bohemikální část šternbersko-manderscheidské rukopisné sbírky v zaniklé palácové knihovně na Malé Straně

Author(s): Milada Svobodová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 54/1-2/2024

The study deals with a collection of approximately fifty manuscripts Bohemica from the defunct library in the Sternberg Palace in the Lesser Town of Prague. Most of the volumes were acquired by the last owner of the library, Franz Josef von Sternberg-Manderscheid (1763–1830). The manuscripts from the 14th–18th centuries come not only from the libraries of the first owners of the Lesser-Town palace but also from the Sternberg Palace at Hradčany, from the property of dissolved monasteries and literati brotherhoods, and from the literary estates of contemporary bibliophiles. Only less than twenty books can be linked to individual Sternbergs, with the largest group consisting of eleven volumes containing ex libris by the builder of the Hradčany Palace, Wenzel Adalbert von Sternberg (1643–1708). Some of the manuscripts of the Lesser-Town palace library are a valuable source for the history of Czech Baroque and Enlightenment historiography.

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Hungarian Images of the Romanians in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

Author(s): Sorin Mitu / Language(s): English Issue: 61/2024

This article analyzes the image of the Romanians, as it appears in several important Hungarian texts in the second half of the nineteenth century. The Revolution of 1848 gave the Hungarians an ambivalent lesson about the Romanians. On the one hand, the latter behaved like enemies. This generated a negative imagological reaction from the Hungarians. On the other hand by the crushing combined force of Austria and Russia, opened up the possibility of collaborating with Romanians, as well as with the other oppressed peoples in eastern and Danubian Europe. But in the age of dualism, the image of the Romanians in Hungary, closely entwined with that of their conationals across the mountains, received a new political label, which had first been used during the revolution: Daco-Romanianism. Irredentism, which was coined by the Italians later, in the last decades of the nineteenth century, was an equivalent term. The Romanians were, therefore, seen to be characterized by “Daco-Romanian irredentism.” This phrase gained traction as Bucharest was becoming the capital of a more consolidated Romanian state and the Romanians in Transylvania were making ever more aggravating claims, which could be associated with this national dream. The Hungarians’ image of the Romanians during this period always stood between official nationalism and the utopia of fraternity.

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Cosmin Mihuţ, Politică şi discurs naţional în vremea domniei lui Alexandru D. Ghica (1834-1842)

Author(s): Mădălin ANGHEL / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2024

Book review. The volume Politics and National Discourse during the Reign of Alexandru D. Ghica (1834-1842) represents a significant contribution to the transition to modernity and the struggle for national emancipation in Wallachia. The 283 pages of text provide a fresh perspective on the politics during the reign of Alexandru D. Ghica, aiming to explain the “transition” towards “modern politics” in Wallachia, in connection with the formation of the discourse for national emancipation. Cosmin Mihuț, the author of this volume, is a lecturer at the Faculty of History, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, and obtained his PhD from the same faculty in 2015. His research focuses on the history of politics from the perspective of discursive practices, representations, forms of power legitimation in the first half of the 19th century, national discourse, and national emancipation in the Romanian Principalities, as well as the history of international relations, particularly regarding the Great Powers’ policies towards the Romanian Principalities within the context of the “Eastern Question”.

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Remus Tanasă, “Apostolul naţiunii”: Mazzini şi naşterea României moderne

Author(s): Gheorghe Negustor / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2024

Book review. The book of Remus Tanasă, the young historian from Iași, is based on his doctoral thesis The Influence of Mazzinian Ideas in the Romanian Space. It appears in this form at the prestigious Humanitas publishing house seven years after the public defence of the doctoral thesis. Reduced in size, due to the specifics and conditions imposed by the publishing house, the work is appealing to the general public due to the pleasant style and accessible language even to non-specialists. Specialists and professional historians probably would have been satisfied with a more scientific, rigorous version of the research on this subject that still arouses a special interest. Bringing back to the forefront a remarkable personality – Giuseppe Mazzini – through his actions and positions in the 19th century towards the problem of small nations, his connections and attitude towards the "Romanian cause", represents a commendable action, first and foremost for the author.

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Liviu Neagoe Eutopia. Concepte, identități și istorii românești Cartier, Chișinău, 2023, 208 pp.

Author(s): Laurențiu Vîju / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2024

The book Eutopia, written by Liviu Neagoe, came out in 2023 and was published by Cartier, a prestigious publishing house from the Republic of Moldova, that has been a strong presence on the local market for some time now. The study was released by Cartier Istoric, an imprint of Cartier, dedicated to historical studies.

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A Charged Polemic: The Ukrainian Question, Eurasianism, and Exiled Scholarship in the 1920s and Beyond

Author(s): A. V. Dmitriev / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This study and the accompanying edition of three articles from 1927–1928 is a contribution to the history of Russian and Ukrainian émigré scholarship and to the history of discussions about the specifics and independent development of Ukrainian science and culture, as well as a contribution to the history of interwar Eurasianism. The authors of the articles and the main figures in this controversy were the well-known Russian linguist Nikolai Trubetzkoy (1890–1938), the founder of Eurasianism, and the Ukrainian historian Dmytro Doroshenko (1882–1951). The introductory study outlines the historical context of the controversy, its main ideas and roots, and its key protagonists. The last part of the introductory study shows the second life of the polemic and highlights its relevance today.

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The Introduction of Proofs of Noble Birth into the Habsburg Monarchy. A New Instrument to Administrate the Nobility (1650–1800)

Author(s): Éric Hassler / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This article shows how the transfer of proofs of nobility by Maria Theresa of Austria in the 1750s led tocomplex movements between Vienna and the countries of the monarchy and produced social and culturalchanges within the nobility. The degrees of nobility are part of the representations of Germanic andCentral Europe in modern era. Having to prove one’s noble ancestry was indeed a common practice usedby chapters, military orders or princely courts since the Middle Ages.In fact, it seems that this practice only really developed in the Habsburg monarchy from the secondhalf of the 18th century, under the impulsion of Maria Theresa. As part of her policy of standardizingthe nobility, aimed at mixing elites from the various territories of the monarchy and producinga service nobility loyal to the dynasty, Maria Theresa imported this practice to impose it within themonarchy, to be appointed chamberlain (1754), to gain access to the court (1756), but also to enterthe institutions of noble ladies she created from the 1750s onwards. This practice, imported from theHoly Roman Empire and its western fringes, was a new tool of government. The sovereign’s aim was toreinforce his authority by introducing a veritable “administratization” of the nobility.

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The Göttingen Nexus: Károly Koppi and the Interconnected Worlds of Modern Historiography in 18th-Century Hungary

Author(s): Piroska Balogh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The paper examines six fundamental aspects of the 18th-century Göttingen ideal of scholarship andknowledge, demonstrating how Károly Koppi (1744–1801), a Piarist professor of universal history at theRoyal University of Pest effectively adapted and integrated this paradigm into the Hungarian intellectualcontext. Koppi’s efforts not only established a tradition of teaching universal history through modernmethodologies but also revealed broader sociological implications. His adaptation extended beyond historiographyand pedagogy to include personal career strategies, professional networking, and the cultivationof scholarly ambition and habitus. As a result, Koppi did not merely transfer the Göttingen modelbut actively reshaped it as a mediator. His dual role as a teacher and a knowledge broker solidifiedhis position as a pivotal figure in fostering a modern scientific ethos, which remained influential in late18th-century Hungary.

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“Importing” the Enlightenment and “Enlightenment at the Margins”. The Example of Bohemia as a Language and Religious Frontier, 1770–1800

Author(s): Daniela Tinková / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This contribution explores the hypothesis that 18th-century Bohemia, which was effectively a political andinformational periphery directed from Vienna, also functioned – thanks to its geographical position and otherfactors and despite unfavourable circumstances – as a kind of “information membrane”. In particular, thisstudy explores the forms of cultural transfer between Bohemia (Prague) and its neighbouring Protestant regionsin Germany, especially Saxony. In the late 18th18th century, religiously tolerant Saxony, with its educatedcourt in Dresden, book fair, and university in Leipzig, functioned as a sui generis centre of Enlightenmentin Central Europe. Moreover, it was where the canon of new literary and scientific German was takingshape. Saxony also mediated the transfer of new cultural models (and printed materials) from Great Britainand France to the German-speaking environment of Central Europe. Its peripheral position close to the borderenabled a lively cultural transfer with neighbouring Bohemia, and active exchange of information. I believethis was one of the key factors that drove an accelerated “dynamics of Enlightenment” in the Czech environmentduring the last third of the 18th18th century. Contacts with the originally Lutheran Saxony werefacilitated also by the Catholic conversion of Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony, in 1697, which reinforceda symbiosis between the now Catholic court in Dresden and Lutheran university in Leipzig. I chosethe historical region of Bohemia to illustrate the relationship between centre and periphery, and as a basisfor discussing peripheries that can become centres. After all, many other examples can be found of a peripherythat neighbours on an area which may serve to relativize its apparent marginality.The first part of the study is dedicated to more general observations about cultural transfer, especiallyin relation to the Enlightenment and the dichotomy of centre vs periphery. The second part focusesmore concretely on relations between the Czech Lands and German Protestant regions, with emphasison culture transfer between Bohemia (particularly Prague) and Saxony, (Leipzig and Dresden). Thiscultural exchange is presented using examples mainly from science, literature, and the book market.

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Sixtus Bolom-Kotari a kol.: Zrozeni z osvícenských reforem: toleranční kazatelé z Uher v procesu formování české společnosti (1781–1870)

Author(s): Daniela Tinková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2024

Review of: Bolom-Kotari, Sixtus a kol. Zrozeni z osvícenských reforem: toleranční kazatelé z Uher v procesu formování české společnosti (1781-1870). First edition. Praha: NLN, 2023. 449 pages. ISBN 978-80-7422-897-1. This contribution explores the hypothesis that 18th-century Bohemia, which was effectively a political and informational periphery directed from Vienna, also functioned – thanks to its geographical position and other factors and despite unfavourable circumstances – as a kind of “information membrane”. In particular, this study explores the forms of cultural transfer between Bohemia (Prague) and its neighbouring Protestant regions in Germany, especially Saxony. In the late 18th18th century, religiously tolerant Saxony, with its educated court in Dresden, book fair, and university in Leipzig, functioned as a sui generis centre of Enlightenment in Central Europe. Moreover, it was where the canon of new literary and scientific German was taking shape. Saxony also mediated the transfer of new cultural models (and printed materials) from Great Britain and France to the German-speaking environment of Central Europe. Its peripheral position close to the border enabled a lively cultural transfer with neighbouring Bohemia, and active exchange of information. I believe this was one of the key factors that drove an accelerated “dynamics of Enlightenment” in the Czech environment during the last third of the 18th18th century. Contacts with the originally Lutheran Saxony were facilitated also by the Catholic conversion of Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony, in 1697, which reinforced a symbiosis between the now Catholic court in Dresden and Lutheran university in Leipzig. I chose the historical region of Bohemia to illustrate the relationship between centre and periphery, and as a basis for discussing peripheries that can become centres. After all, many other examples can be found of a periphery that neighbours on an area which may serve to relativize its apparent marginality. The first part of the study is dedicated to more general observations about cultural transfer, especially in relation to the Enlightenment and the dichotomy of centre vs periphery. The second part focuses more concretely on relations between the Czech Lands and German Protestant regions, with emphasis on culture transfer between Bohemia (particularly Prague) and Saxony, (Leipzig and Dresden). This cultural exchange is presented using examples mainly from science, literature, and the book market.

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Красноґруда. Записки між цитатами перекладів

Author(s): Yuliia Stakhivska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 07/2024

The article explores the cultural and historical significance of Krasnohrad, a place imbued with the literary legacy of poet Czesław Miłosz and the spirit of dialogue and creativity fostered by the "Pogranicze" foundation. The text recounts the festival "The Great Duchy of Poetry," where the atmosphere of the venue, enriched by Miłosz's poetry and personal history, evokes a sense of déjà vu for the author. The narrative intertwines reflections on Miłosz's works, the impact of literature on memory, and the poignant symbolism of a destroyed park house in Skovorodynivka, which echoes the cultural losses inflicted by war. The article emphasizes the importance of preserving literary heritage and the communal spaces that nurture artistic expression, drawing parallels between Krasnohrad and similar potential centers in Ukraine, such as the Kosach family estates. Ultimately, the author conveys the enduring power of poetry and memory in the face of destruction and the necessity of returning to cultural roots for solace and inspiration.

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Lutter contre le flou : François Villon face à Jozef Felix, son traducteur slovaque

Author(s): Ján Živčák / Language(s): French Issue: Special/2024

This article re-examines the Slovak reception of François Villon against the backdrop of epistemological turns in 19th- and 20th-century medieval studies. The aim is to look at the tensions between positivist and interpretive approaches to Villon and to determine to what extent these epistemes are present in the thinking of Jozef Felix (1913–1977), the translator of Villon’s works into Slovak. Special attention is paid to Felix’s handling of the ambiguity of Villon’s poetry, which stems from the heterogenous profile of its readership as well as from the blurred boundaries between subject and object.

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Les écrits de Maximilian Lamberg à la frontière des genres et des styles

Author(s): Jaroslav Stanovský / Language(s): French Issue: Special/2024

The article deals with the work of Maximilián Lamberg (1729–1792), a Moravian nobleman and scholar of the Age of Enlightenment. Lamberg is the author of about twelve books written in French, which, however, are difficult to classify in terms of genre and style and can therefore be understood as literary “indeterminate” or unclear. In the first part, the article presents Lamberg as a man of his time, a worldly man and a traveler, whose life, however, from today’s point of view is also “indeterminate” due to the lack of sources. In the second part, the article deals with the indeterminacy of Lamberg’s works from several points of view: genre (difficult classification of his books and blurring of boundaries between individual texts), linguistic and stylistic (Lamberg’s French is sometimes unclear, difficult to understand) and narrative and referential (the boundary between Lamberg-narrator and Lamberg-author is sometimes hard to find). In the end, the text states the contribution of Lamberg’s texts as a testimony of the phenomenon of “French Europe” and of the atmosphere of his time, conveniently called the “sociable century”.

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Usage du flou dans les romans du romantisme noir

Author(s): Katia Hayek / Language(s): French Issue: Special/2024

In 2018, François Soulages published his third opus on vagueness: Le flou et la littérature, showing that vagueness in textual space opens up a way of interpreting “philosophical problems of the real, of subject/object relationships, of relationships to the world”. The novel of Gothic posterity in the nineteenth century, or dark romanticism, necessarily hybrid, seems to attest to this. From the generic vagueness to the ambiguity of the protagonist, the mise en abyme of the uncertain forces the reader to keep a proper distance from the text in order to better perceive the thinking of the time. Drawing on works from the 19th century such as Charles Nodier’s Jean Sbogar, we will consider how vagueness, from the imaginary construction to the ambiguity of the character, becomes a means of expressing and questioning reality.

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L’héritage familial de la Shoah : approches et perspectives des historiens et des romanciers

Author(s): Silvia Rybárová / Language(s): French Issue: Special/2024

The memory of the Holocaust has been long shaped by the testimonies of camp survivors or other witnesses of the times rather than by historians. Over time, the perspective of the victims continues to dominate research, but eyewitnesses are no longer those who speak out. Descendants of those deported to Auschwitz retrace and put into words their family experience of the Jewish genocide. Nevertheless, revisiting history requires a different approach due to a mediated access to the past, the family/collective forgetting and the “sacred” nature of the experience. Investigation shows the closeness of the practices of historians and novelists and blurs the line between literature and history. Through contemporary narratives of the French historians Ivan Jablonka and Annette Wieviorka and novelists Anne Berest and Santiago H. Amigorena, the article examines historical and literary modes of writing about the family experience with Holocaust, and their intersecting perspectives.

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Catherine Durandin, Cécile Folschweiller (coord.), Enfances communistes. Mémoires de Roumanie et de République de Moldavie (Paris: Editions PETRA, 2022)

Author(s): Nicoleta Roman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

Book review. Catherine Durandin, Cécile Folschweiller (coord.), Enfances communistes. Mémoires de Roumanie et de République de Moldavie (Paris: Editions PETRA, 2022).

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The Medieval Church in Caransebeș and the Observance of the “Historical Truth” in the Documents of the Department of State Security of Romania

Author(s): Marian Cosac / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The research hereafter intends to establish how complex the Department of State Security (also known as Securitatea (DSS) was involved with the archaeological research in Romania during the eighties; this topic has been rather absent within recent historiographic studies. Having made this statement, it should be considered that some approaches have tackled the interferences of the official ideology in the interpretation of the archaeological data. The orthodoxy of some archaeologists can be justified by the continuous pressure from the DSS, or because of their status as collaborators of this institution of repression. The archaeological research from Caransebeș provides a relevant tool for understanding the mechanisms used by DSS to intervene in the middle of scientific debates, as a neutral judge; on the other hand, a series of documents from Arhiva Consiliului Național pentru Studierea Arhivelor Securității (ACNSAS) reveals further details that had been somewhat predicted by those archaeologists living within the respective period. The outcome of our research nevertheless overcomes all predictions the contemporary historians. The actual controversy regarding chronological and confessional ascriptions of Caransebeș disclosures was brutally altered by DSS, following its empirical principles of so-called historical truth. Those archaeologists refusing to obey and follow the principles established by DSS and of the official ideological framework had to face certain repercussions, from interdiction to proceed further archaeological prospecting to secret police surveillance, refusals to travel abroad, and close censorship for every study intended to be published in international magazines and other publications.

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Бачити себе як центр, а не околицю

Author(s): Olha Petrenko-Tseunova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 04/2024

Ukraine’s role in the world is evolving, as highlighted by a recent discussion at the Kyiv Book Arsenal. Experts from various fields, including history, political science, and journalism, emphasized Ukraine’s need to see itself as a central player rather than a frontier. The conversation touched on the mental geography of borders, the impact of Russian colonialism, and the importance of Ukraine asserting its narrative globally. The panelists also discussed the geopolitical shifts and the necessity for Ukraine to maintain its cultural and political identity amidst external pressures. The dialogue underscored the significance of Ukraine’s self-perception and its strategic communication to ensure its story is told from its own perspective.

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