Series:Analitika - Policy Brief

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A City’s Decline: Towards the Prevention of Deterioration of Public Spaces in Sarajevo Neighborhoods

Author(s): Mirna Jusić / Language(s): English

The visible decline of public spaces in urban neighborhoods in Sarajevo is a result of a number of factors, including an imprecise normative framework and a lack of standards for certain communal services, as well as insufficient mechanisms of control of the delivery and quality of services in the areas of communal cleanliness and the maintenance of public areas. In addition, there are a number of obvious obstacles to the sanctioning of offences of littering, damaging or destroying urban spaces. Moreover, mechanisms of communication between responsible institutions and the residents of Sarajevo are wanting. This policy brief provides recommendations that aim to improve the current regulation and practice in order to prevent further physical deterioration of public spaces. It is primarily intended for the representatives of cantonal and local authorities in Sarajevo.

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A Neglected Standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Proactive Dimension of the Right to Access Information

Author(s): Nermina Voloder / Language(s): English

The legal framework on the right to access information in Bosnia and Herzegovina does not contain an established duty of public institutions to voluntarily disclose information in their possession relevant to the public, even without a specific request. Such a legal framework deviates significantly from recent international standards in this area, which stipulate that public institutions must not only reply to individual requests, but that they should proactively disclose certain categories of information in the public interest. The concept of proactive transparency is not adequately regulated in such a legal framework, which is reflected, among other things, in the fragmentation and only partial regulation of the duty of proactive disclosure of information in the public interest, as well as in the lack of legal protection of information users. An analysis of regulations relevant to the proactive segment of the right of access to information indicates the necessity of establishing in law minimal standards relating to the content and quality of the publication of information in the public interest.

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Active Labour Market Policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina: From Direct Employment to Strengthening the Employability of Jobseekers

Author(s): Amar Numanović / Language(s): English

Active labour market policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina are mostly orientated towards direct employment and attempts to manage the consequences of the present socioeconomic context, while the potentials of strategic, long-term strengthening of jobseekers’ competitiveness is being neglected. The main goal of this paper is to present international trends in activation policies, which have recently undergone a paradigm shift from employment to strengthening of employability, and to analyse the present state and institutional framework of active employment policies in BiH. Based on the identified shortcomings of the existing design of active measures, several recommendations are given to improve the field of employment policies by strengthening their active dimension and building a long-term approach to labour market improvements.

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Aktivne politike zapošljavanja u Bosni i Hercegovini: od izravnog zapošljavanja ka osnaživanju zapošljivosti nezaposlenih osoba

Author(s): Amar Numanović / Language(s): Bosnian

Aktivne politike zapošljavanja u Bosni i Hercegovini uglavnom su orijentirane ka izravnom zapošljavanju i pokušaju saniranja posljedica aktuelnog socioekonomskog konteksta, dok se zanemaruju potencijali strateškog i dugoročnog osnaživanja konkurentnosti nezaposlenih osoba. Osnovni je cilj ovoga teksta predstaviti međunarodne trendove u domenu aktivacijskih politika u kojima je u posljednjim godinama došlo do paradigmatskog zaokreta od zapošljavanja ka jačanju zapošljivosti te, shodno tome, analizirati postojeće stanje i institucionalni okvir aktivnih politika zapošljavanja u BiH. Na osnovu identificiranih nedostataka postojećeg dizajna aktivnih mjera formulirano je nekoliko preporuka za unapređenje postojećeg stanja u oblasti politika zapošljavanja u smjeru jačanja njihove aktivne dimenzije i izgradnje dugoročnog pristupa unapređenju funkcioniranja tržišta rada.

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Albanian Radio and Television – Towards Public Service Media: Expanding to Online Multimedia and Remodelling Its Relationship with Audiences

Author(s): Blerjana Bino / Language(s): English

The transformation of RTSH (Albanian Radio and Television) from a state-owned media to a public service broadcaster (PSB) has been challenging for many reasons, such as the internal organization of RTSH and the current trends of media convergence and digitalization. It is naïve at best to assume that RTSH can be detached from politics in a country like Albania, with its high level of politicization and continued confrontation between political parties. It is also not realistic to expect journalists to adhere to the normative standards of journalistic professionalism in isolation from the conditions in which they work. For RTSH to fulfil its remit of serving the public interest and to survive in a fiercely competitive media market, its transformation into a public service media (PSM) is a viable option, but it calls for remodelling its relationship with audiences and embracing the opportunities offered by media convergence in the digital area. This will enable more transparency and accountability; quality of programming; extended audiences and an increase in the overall profile and performance of RTSH.

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Antidiskriminacijske mjere bez mjerenja: prikupljanje podataka o diskriminaciji u BiH

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian

Iako je Zakon o zabrani diskriminacije, kojim je uređena i oblast prikupljanja podataka o diskriminaciji u BiH, na snazi već sedam godina, funkcionalan sistem za prikupljanje ovih podataka još uvijek nije uspostavljen. Ključna zakonska obaveza uspostavljanja centralne baze podataka o diskriminaciji nije ispunjena, a mehanizmi za prikupljanje podataka u ovoj oblasti nikada nisu zaživjeli u praksi. Iako je Ministarstvo za ljudska prava i izbjeglice BiH poduzelo određene korake ka uspostavljanju sistema, zabrinjava činjenica da se cijeli proces odvija sporo, uz brojne manjkavosti i nedorečenosti.

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Caring for Carers: an Analysis of Informal Care Policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Amar Numanović,Aida Malkić / Language(s): English

Providers of informal care are not recognised in the long-term care system in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The existing measures in the area of long-term care are primarily aimed at persons in need of care, whereby the needs of informal care givers are almost completely neglected. The primary goal of this paper is to analyse the area of long-term care, focusing on informal care in BiH, and presenting international practices in this area which have been recognised and systemically regulated in most EU countries through various modes of providing support and services to informal care givers. Based on the identified examples of good practice in other countries, several recommendations for the systemic regulation of informal care in BiH have been formulated.

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Degradacija grada: ka sprečavanju propadanja javnih prostora u sarajevskim naseljima

Author(s): Mirna Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian

Očigledno propadanje javnih prostora u urbanim naseljima u Sarajevu rezultat je niza faktora, uključujući neprecizan normativni okvir i nedostatak standarda za pojedine komunalne djelatnosti , te nedovoljne mehanizme kontrole isporuke i kvaliteta usluga u oblasti ma komunalne čistoće i održavanja javnih površina. Također, evidentan je i niz prepreka sankcioniranju prekršaja koji se odnose na onečišćenje i uništavanje urbanih prostora, kao i neadekvatni mehanizmi komunikacije između nadležnih institucija i stanovnika Sarajeva. Ovaj sažetak nudi preporuke usmjerene na unapređenje aktualne regulative i prakse kako ne bi došlo do daljnje fizičke deterioracije javnih prostora, a prvenstveno je namijenjen predstavnicima kantonalne i lokalne vlasti u Sarajevu.

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Developing Proactive Transparency in Bosnia And Herzegovina: Key Success and Failure Factors

Author(s): Nermina Voloder / Language(s): English

Proactive transparency is still a novel concept in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian civil service, and only a few institutions have started to implement it. Research shows that a substantial number of institutions do not publish even the basic information on management, structure, scope of authority, budget and programmes. Poor transparency results are contingent on numerous factors such as an outdated and fragmented legislative framework, underdeveloped administrative culture in the institutions, conservative interpretation of the regulations, and civil servants’ low level of knowledge of the basic principles of proactive transparency.

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From Collection to Prevention - Preconditions for Comprehensive Gathering of Information on Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Emina Ćerimović / Language(s): English

As a result of the adoption of the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina in July 2009, all institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) are required to collect and keep records of data on cases of discrimination. According to this law, the institution responsible for monitoring its implementation is the Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees of BiH. This Ministry is also obliged to coordinate the collection of data and to act as a central repository of data on discrimination in the broader sense. In addition, the Ministry has the responsibility to report on the instances and the scope of discrimination in the country. Almost four years later, numerous provisions of the law in this area have not been realized. As a consequence, it is not possible to map the actual state of discrimination in BiH, which ultimately does not allow for the formulation of adequate policies and activities of protection against discriminatory treatment in BiH, as well as its prevention.

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In a Vicious Cycle: Is There a Future for Public Service Broadcasting in Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Author(s): Tea Hadžiristić / Language(s): English

Since its creation in 2002, Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) in Bosnia and Herzegovina has struggled to fulfil its primary goals. Financial difficulties have brought the state broadcaster near the brink of collapse several times, while state capture by political parties has politicized PSB across the board2 and increased its dysfunction. Our research found that PSB in BiH has failed to secure a sustainable funding model, is not independent from politics, does not fulfil its remit, and has failed to adopt new technologies crucial to its continued relevance and survival. PSB is a victim of the political colonization of the media sphere, and weak, dysfunctional state institutions that suffer from the chronic disregard for the law demonstrated by ruling elites. At the same time, the ongoing debate about PSB in BiH is largely anachronistic, and fails to capture the core challenges and to articulate much needed innovative policy solutions that would look beyond the now largely outdated, defunct model of PSB that was introduced in 2002.

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International Media Assistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Lessons Learned

Author(s): Nidžara Ahmetašević,Tarik Jusić / Language(s): English

Bosnia and Herzegovina has benefited from comprehensive and prolonged international media assistance efforts during the last two decades: the legal framework was thoroughly reformed; regulatory and self-regulatory mechanisms were introduced; the independent and commercial media sector received substantial support; and a public service broadcasting system was created. However, many reform initiatives have been met with fierce resistance, while others failed or were only partially successful. In some cases, once the donors and international actors reduced their involvement, the reform processes stopped or were reversed. This policy brief looks into the complex relationship between the local context on one side, and the media reforms that were initiated through international assistance programs on the other. The goal is to identify some of the key challenges to the media assistance efforts in the country, and eventually to draw some lessons for future assistance projects.

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Interne procedure zaštite od diskriminacije

Author(s): Mario Reljanović / Language(s): Bosnian

Stupanjem na snagu izmjena i dopuna Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije, prvi put će se otvoriti mogućnost specifične interne zaštite u slučajevima diskriminisanja. Analiza je usmjerena na domašaje nove odredbe, kao i na razvijanje ideje o njenoj implementaciji. Svoje mjesto u analizi našli su i potencijalni problemi, odnosno nedorečenosti novog zakonodavstva koji bi mogli da stvore probleme u praksi i dovedu do neujednačene primjene.

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Javne institucije i internet: politike i prakse u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Amar Numanović,Tarik Jusić,Nevena Ršumović / Language(s): Bosnian

Zakoni o slobodi pristupa informacijama u Bosni i Hercegovini ne sadrže odredbe o objavljivanju javnih informacija na webu, što onemogućava razvoj proaktivne transparentnosti javnih institucija. Istovremeno, različiti sektorski zakoni i posebne politike, kao i uputstva i preporuke koje se odnose na održavanje web-stranica javnih institucija jednim dijelom obavezuju javne organe da objavljuju određene vrste informacija na webu. Tako fragmentiran pravni okvir za objavljivanje informacija na webu dovodi do neujednačenih i slabo razvijenih praksi web-prisustva i transparentnosti javnih institucija u BiH. Od ključne je važnosti unaprijediti postojeće zakone o slobodi pristupa informacijama dodavanjem odredaba o obaveznom proaktivnom objavljivanju širokog spektra informacija na web-stranicama javnih institucija, a podzakonskim aktima o izradi i održavanju službenih web-stranica objavljivanje detaljnije precizirati.

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Judicial Protection from Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Analysis of Laws and Practice Based on Initial Cases in This Field

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

In the course of 2011 and 2012, Analitika conducted a research on the key issues regarding the protection of individuals from discrimination, based on the (rather limited) court practice in this area in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The research has shown, inter alia, that courts often misunderstand and incorrectly interpret key novelties in civil proceedings concerning the protection from discrimination, such as shifting the burden of proof on the defendant, and that the legally prescribed urgency of anti-discrimination proceedings is generally not respected. Moreover, some legal provisions, such as the ones setting extremely unfavourable costs of the proceedings for the victims of discrimination giving extremely short deadlines for filing anti-discrimination lawsuits, or determining that the territorial jurisdiction of the court be based on the place of residence of the defendant, and not the plaintiff , are not in accordance with best practice in this area, and as such, present an additional obstacle for the effective litigation against discrimination in BiH.

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Ka većoj transparentnosti ugovora o javnoj nabavi u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Stanka Pejaković / Language(s): Bosnian

Pitanje objavljivanja ugovora o javnoj nabavi u BiH je djelomično usklađeno sa zahtjevima direktiva EU o javnoj nabavi, no i dalje postoje normativne nedostatnosti, koje se uglavnom tiču potpunosti i funkcionalnosti. Stoga su u ovom sažetku analizirane odredbe Zakona o javnim nabavama BiH, koje se odnose na objavljivanje ugovora o javnoj nabavi u BiH, pri čemu su detektirani problemi koji idu nauštrb načela transparentnosti. Glavni rezultati analize nedvojbeno ukazuju na potrebu za temeljitom zakonodavnom reformom, zbog čega su ponuđeni konkretni prijedlozi u cilju poboljšanja pojedinih zakonskih rješenja.

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Kako reformirati dom naroda parlamentarne skupštine BiH? Izazovi izvršenja presude u predmetu Sejdić i Finci protiv BiH

Author(s): Nenad Stojanović,Edin Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian

U reformiranju Doma naroda Parlamentarne skupštine BiH, u skladu s presudom Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u predmetu Sejdić i Finci protiv Bosne i Hercegovine, svakako se može slijediti ili model Doma naroda Parlamenta Federacije BiH ili Vijeća naroda Republike Srpske. Formula je naizgled jednostavna: ako je impertiv zadržavanje postojećih nadležnoti ovog tijela zakonodavne vlasti Bosne i Hercegovine, onda je nužno da on, poput Doma naroda Parlamenta Federacije BiH, bude otvoren i za delegate iz kategorije „ostalih”. Ako se, pak, želi zadržati njegova trenutna struktura i uloga doma konstuvnih naroda, onda je nužno reduciranje njegovih nadležnosti po modelu Vijeća naroda Republike Srpske. No, i u tim varijantama reforme prisutne su mnoge nedoumice, uključujući i pitanje izbora delegata iz svih konstitutivnih naroda u oba entiteta i problem izbora, pozicije i uloge delegata iz reda „ostalih“ u reformiranom Domu naroda Parlamentarne skupštine BiH.

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Kako reformirati predsjedništvo BiH? Pregled trenutnih opcija i alternativna rješenja za izvršenje presude u predmetu Sejdić i Finci protiv BiH

Author(s): Nenad Stojanović,Edin Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian

Debata o reformi Predsjedništva BiH u skladu s presudom u predmetu Sejdić i Finci protiv Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH), barem kada je riječ o ključnim akterima, bila je suštinski svedena na dva prijedloga: aktuelni model sa dvije izborne jedinice, ali bez etničkih odrednica u pogledu kandidata i članova Predsjedništva, te posredni izbor članova kolektivnog šefa države u Parlamentarnoj skupštini BiH. Iako ovi modeli donose određena poboljšanja i formalnu eliminaciju diskriminacije, oni ne omogućavaju pacifiziranje političkog života u Bosni i Hercegovini niti nude realne šanse za faktičko poboljšanje statusa „ostalih". Osim toga, previđaju se nezanemarivi negativni aspekti tih modela, poput slabljenja legitimiteta posredno izabranog Predsjedništva, te ozbiljnih problema koji mogu proizaći iz posrednog izbora njegovih članova uzme li se u obzir dokazana nesposobnost postizanja konsenzusa o formiranju izvršne vlasti u Bosni i Hercegovini. U takvoj situaciji iznimno ograničenog spektra ustavnih opcija u javnoj debati, nepravedno je zapostavljen potencijal alternativnih modela, kakvi su npr. različite varijante geometrijske sredine, da ostvare važne ciljeve ustavne reforme u ovom domenu.

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Key Problems in Public Procurement in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Experiences of Private Companies

Author(s): Nermina Voloder / Language(s): English

A survey conducted by Analitika in 2014 showed that the business sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) faces numerous obstacles when it comes to participation in public procurement procedures. The survey responses indicate that problems crop up in all phases of the process: during the development of tender documents, the collection and evaluation of tenders, and the implementation of the contract. The majority of respondents believe corruption is widespread in public procurement, and that political or personal connections are a prerequisite for being awarded public procurement contracts. Furthermore, there is a pervasive lack of trust among the business community in the public procurement system and in the likelihood of corruption and irresponsible public spending being sanctioned. The prevalent view is that companies are forced to participate in corruption in order to survive in the market.

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Ključni problemi u javnim nabavkama u BiH: Iskustva privrednih subjekata

Author(s): Nermina Voloder / Language(s): Bosnian

Istraživanje koje je 2014. godine provela “Analitika” pokazalo je da se privredni sektor u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) suočava sa brojnim preprekama tokom učešća u postupcima javnih nabavki. Odgovori ispitanika ukazuju na to da se problemi javljaju u svim fazama procesa: tokom izrade tenderske dokumentacije, prikupljanja i ocjenjivanja ponuda, te u realizaciji ugovora. Većina ispitanika smatra da je korupcija prisutna u javnim nabavkama, te da je za dobijanje poslova u javnim nabavkama potrebno imati političke i lične veze. Pored toga, poslovna zajednica u velikoj mjeri nema povjerenja u sistem javnih nabavki, kao ni u mogućnost da će koruptivne radnje i neodgovorno trošenje javnih sredstava biti sankcionirani. Preovladava mišljenje da su kompanije prisiljene učestvovati u koruptivnim radnjama kako bi opstale na tržištu.

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