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4.50 €

Literary Scholar, Linguist, Non-Philologist? About the Identity of the Modern Philologist – Questions and Doubts

Literaturoznawca? Językoznawca? Niefilolog? O tożsamości dzisiejszego filologa – pytania i wątpliwości

Author(s): Ewelina Woźniak-Wrzesińska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: philology; Polish studies; modern languages; literary studies; linguistics

In the text, I consider the problem of the status of the Polish philologist. I am interested in issues related to the identity of the philologist (understood as the place where thoughts come from). In the introduction I present the older meanings of the terms philology and philologist. By the way, I reconstruct old assessment practices of philological attitudes. A comparison of different models of recognition of the rank of the philologist encourages further consideration. In the central part of the article, I wonder what the meaning of beinga philologist is today. I ask how (on the basis of what methods and approaches) a philologistis to be recognized. In this way, I distinguish between philological specialities (linguisticand literary) and look at what connects them and what divides them – in particular in theaspect of scientific conduct. It’s obvious that both literature experts and linguists deal with the word, while the way of handling it will be different. It should, therefore, be asked – are we currently referring to the identity or the different identities of the philologist?

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Theater as a "bourgeois dance of death"? Recalling the past in Rolf Hochhuth's The Deputy and omas Bernhards Before retirement

Theater als „bürgerlicher Totentanz“? Erinnernde Vergangenheitsaufarbeitung in Rolf Hochhuths Der Stellvertreter und omas Bernhards Vor dem Ruhestand

Author(s): Nikolaos-Ioannis Koskinas / Language(s): Polish,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: German literature; European literature; political involvement; Germany; politics

The volume contains texts discussing the extent to which literature has been and is politically and socially involved, what its part in social debates is and can it be considered influential in the socio-political sphere of German society during the period considered. The authors also try to answer the question if and to what degree the aesthetic of literary texts serves political themes.

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Relations of the prince's court with the city's elite of Old Warsaw in regency times Princess Anna Radziwiłłówna

Relacje dworu książęcego z elitami miejskimi Starej Warszawy w czasach regencji księżnej Anny Radziwiłłówny

Author(s): Agnieszka Bartoszewicz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Urszula Augustyniak; early modern history; early modern culture; history of religion; nobility; Radziwiłł family; reformation

Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.

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Introduction

Wstęp

Author(s): Małgorzata Kot / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish,Georgian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Stefan Krukowski; Georgia; Gvardjilas Klde Cave; archaeology; Paleolithic

Critical edition of the unpublished text of Stefan Krukowski, one of the fathers of Polish archaeology, regarding his research on the cave site in Georgia in 1916. The book, edited in Russian, Polish, Georgian and English, consists of the introductory part (consisting Krukowski’s biography, history of research in the site under discussion and of the research on the Paleolithic in Georgia in general), of the text of Krukowski and accompanying illustrations, as well as of the separate modern tables with drawings and photos of the artifacts. Stefan Krukowski, born in 1890, a loner who never completed secondary school or went to university, a Polish rescarcher of the Palaeolithic, founder of a research school, an inspiring teacher of many Polish prehistorians, arrived in Georgia in May of 1916. He explored caves and rock shelters for two years in the foothills. The monograph on the Gvardjilas Klde Cave was written over 1000 years ago, yet the analyses it contains might just as well have been written by a contemporary archaeologist. The history of European archaeology might have taken a completely different path in this publication had been published in 1918, as Stefan Krukowski had planned.

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Autism and I - how an 11-year-old boy sees the impact autism for your life

Autyzm i Ja – jak 11-letni chłopiec widzi wpływ autyzmu na swoje życie

Author(s): Franciszek Silko / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: autism; hearing impairment; type 2 diabetes; intellectual disability; psychology of rehabilitation; health; disease

A collection of articles discussing the issues of health and disability in respect of psychological and cultural conditions. The authors describe the impact of cultural factors on taking care of health as well as the perception and social functioning of people affected by such disabilities as type 2 diabetes, hearing impairment, autism or intellectual disability. This interdisciplinary publication makes a significant contribution to the modern psychology of rehabilitation and is addressed to psychologists, sociologists, pedagogues, doctors, nurses, social workers and all those people who are interested in the cultural context of health and disability.

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Modern methods of automatic exploration of mass sources

Nowoczesne metody automatycznej eksploracji źródeł masowych

Author(s): Krzysztof Kotowski,Zygfryd Wieszok,Maciej Wojsyk / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: computer mass source exploration; computer image analysis; machine learning; Adaptive Vision Studio; automatic text recognition; Google Tesseract

The text presents the capabilities of modern computer image analysis and machine learning methods in tasks related to the exploration of mass sources. The first part briefly discusses ways of digitizing data, the basics of machine learning and the specification of the Adaptive Vision Studio tool with Deep Learning Add-on. Furthermore, a proprietary tool for supporting manual image analysis was proposed. The main part is the case study of measurement cards of soldiers from years 1921–1935. It presents examples of effective automatic segmentation and location of elements like of the image as underlining or stamps. The recognition of machine text using the Google Tesseract library was shown to be equally effective. However, automatic recognition of handwritten text was recognized as an open problem, usually requiring a dedicated solution. At the end, current trends in the field of computer-aided mass source exploration are presented.

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Worthless yet Priceless: The Truths and Economics of Poetry

Worthless yet Priceless: The Truths and Economics of Poetry

Author(s): Marta Baron-Milian / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: poetry; truth; economy of literature

The essay tries to capture the epistemological status of poetry from the perspective of questions posed by the economy of literature. Selected theories of poetry – those of Jochen Hörisch, Viktor B. Shklovsky, Jean Baudrillard and Franco Berardi – can be regarded as a kind of “economics of poetry” due to their proposed treatment of the properties of the poetic medium from an economic perspective. In each of these theories, poetry is defined as uneconomical and useless, which, paradoxically, becomes its fundamental condition for existence as a place for breaking the linguistic circulation of signs, a point of resistance against conventionalized communication and automatization of perception, and thus a medium offering unique knowledge about reality.

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Dictionary as a text of culture of a particular period – on the study of selected English language dictionaries

Słownik jako tekst kultury określonego czasu – na przykładzie wybranych słowników języka angielskiego

Author(s): Anna Cegiełka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: metalexicography; English lexicography; text of culture

The paper presents connections between the overall idea lying behind a dictionary, its content, as well as the content of a dictionary entry and the cultural moment when a given dictionary was created. The article looks into selected English dictionaries in order to show that they are influenced by the ideas of the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, Britain’s Imperial Epoch and the contemporary globalization of English. An insight into dictionary prefaces, in which the authors reflect on their work, shows the evolution of lexicographical ideas as well as the changing assumptions regarding the function of a dictionary.

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WALL PAINTINGS, WALL MOSAICS, AND MARBLE WALL REVETMENTS IN EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCHES OF THE SOUTHERN LEVANT

WALL PAINTINGS, WALL MOSAICS, AND MARBLE WALL REVETMENTS IN EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCHES OF THE SOUTHERN LEVANT

Author(s): Julia Burdajewicz / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: wall paintings; wall mosaics; marble wall revetments; decorative pavements; Early Christian churches; Levant; prices; raw materials; workmanship

This paper examines the underexplored subject of the wall decorations of Early Christian churches. In its first part, the evidence of the presence of wall paintings, wall mosaics, and marble wall revetments in Early Christian churches of the Levant is presented. For each of the listed sites, the type of paving employed is considered. From this juxtaposition of recorded types of wall and floor decorations emerge two principal decorative schemes: one involving wall paintings coupled with opus tessellatum, the other featuring wall mosaics combined with marble wall revetment and pavements. It is proposed that both aesthetic and monetary reasons account for the development of these two schemes and that the choice of either of these schemes reflects the prominence of the church or the wealth of the patron. The value of particular types of decorative techniques considering both the costs of materials and of the workmanship is examined in the last section of this paper.

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“Ballad of a Soldier” and its folktale elements

“Ballad of a Soldier” and its folktale elements

Author(s): Alina Israeli / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: syntactics; combination of signs; non-linguistic signs; national body language; semiotics of culture; cultural studies; nonverbal semiotics; contemporary phraseology

An analysis of this classic film demonstrates that the underlying idea of the protagonist’s trip is the same as the quest of Ivan the Fool in Russian folktales, that is the initiation of a hero. As in folktales, the protagonist encounters many obstacles and performs feats in order to achieve his manhood, which is manifested in finding and defending his love at the end of the road. His nature and character is also that of Ivan the Fool: a peasant son of a widow, he performs good deeds without asking to be thanked, while at the same time not asking for anything in return or for himself, which constantly encounters everyone’s laughter.

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Introduction

Introduction

Author(s): Danuta Sosnowska / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: culture; religion; faith; postsecularism; literature; Slavic

The book contains reflections on the diversified religious experience expressed in the culture and literature of the Slavic region. We can say that Slavic religious experience is “messy”, but maybe it is better to say this is Slavic experience of modernity that is “messy”. Bearing in mind that ‘Slavic experience’ is only a metaphor – a mental shortcut – we should remember that it is torn between the specificity of the local context and the Western-centric unification. Reflection on specific features of local religious experiences and examining this phenomenon in the context of global processes enriches knowledge of modernity and its relation to secularization and desecularization. If modernity is defined broadly and universally, then studies on ‘small cultures’ can go beyond the traditional interpretative ‘pattern – copy’ or ‘center – periphery’ models.

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Religion Today: ‘Public Decline’ in an ‘Anthropological Refuge’?

Religion Today: ‘Public Decline’ in an ‘Anthropological Refuge’?

Author(s): Nonka Bogomilova / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: contemporary religion; subjective religion; secularization vs; desecularization debate; philosophical paradigms; sociological approaches

The paper examines diverse theoretical standpoints on issues related to the interpretation of contemporary religiosity. A distinction is made between, on the one hand, authors who acknowledge as indisputable the secular, non-religious nature of the contemporary times and, on the other hand, authors and ideas that consider the contemporary world as totally religious; between interpretations of the existential horizon of religion as providing a unique and irreplaceable transcendental meaning and support to the mortal individual, as opposed to those viewing religion as a transient cultural condition in the course of the maturing and autonomous self-assertion of the individual and society. These general theoretical and value-based interpretations, developed in particular by the philosophy and sociology of religion, are taken up here in order to understand the dynamic processes developing in the modern/postmodern religious situation, registered by sociological research and fieldwork or observed in various regional phenomena. The emptying of religion of its social ‘infrastructure’ role – the global framework of the social body – shifts the ‘point of application’ of religion from the social to the individual level, to human subjectivity. The methodological turn from the group and community to the individual is analyzed as both culturally justified and very limited. This investigation tries to clarify the issue: is ‘subjective’ religion an ‘anthropological residue’ doomed to depletion, or an essential element of ‘revived’ religion?

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Faith Beyond Doctrines – Faith in Dialogue: Reflection on the Philosophical Anthropology of Milan Machovec

Faith Beyond Doctrines – Faith in Dialogue: Reflection on the Philosophical Anthropology of Milan Machovec

Author(s): Paula Kiczek / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: dialogue; atheism; postsecularism; Marxist–Christian discussion; responsibility

Czech philosopher and dissident Milan Machovec was an initiator of the so-called “Seminars of dialogue” that took place in the early 1960s at Charles University in Prague and were followed by analogical events abroad, mostly in German speaking circles. The meetings were originally meant as a platform for Marxist and Christian dialogue, although the religious and ideological limits were in fact by a long way overstepped. The meetings were attended by Egon Bondy, Milan Opočenský, Jan Sokol, Zdeněk Neubauer, Ladislav Hejdánek, and others. Machovec also established close relations with Erich Fromm and Ernst Bloch. When the process of democratization in Czechoslovakia was brutally stopped in 1968, this so-called ‘normalization’ affected also Milan Machovec. His political opinions and his philosophical point of view – not to mention his dissident activities that were so disturbing to the communist powers – resulted in him being expelled from the university in 1970. Nevertheless, he kept giving lectures in his private apartment and, with the help of the people gathered around him, he built close relations with the Czech Underground. Milan Machovec is an emblematic example of an individual who could be seen today as a promoter of postsecular approaches to all forms of religiosity, starting from those which revealed themselves as ‘political religion’. However, Christianity itself and its worship were also an object of Machovec’s skepticism. According to him, all forms of faith were ‘touched’ with ambiguity due to the disillusion with traditional confession, but also, as far as ‘political religion’ was concerned, religion was affected by distrust resulting from the experience of the totalitarian regime and the post-war crisis of values. Machovec’s way of thinking is far from systematic philosophy, it turns rather towards the Socratic practice of questioning persisting dogmas. His main concern was seeking forms of profound understanding of the spiritual needs of contemporary human beings. The aim of this brief article is to recall the significance of Machovec’s thought in the broad context of postsecularism, as well as to show that his intellectual heritage still remains current nowadays.

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Fuga mundi on the Example of the Life of Saint Giles by Guillaume de Berneville

FUGA MUNDI NA PRZYKŁADZIE ŻYWOTA ŚWIĘTEGO IDZIEGO GUILLAUME’A DE BERNEVILLE

Author(s): Joanna Gorecka-Kalita / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: medieval hagiography; anchorite; flight from the world; sanctity; Saint Giles

While oriental Christianity valued mostly anchoritic life, the medieval West was more reserved towards it, preferring coenobitic forms. Yet the “Eastern hermit” remained an idealized point of reference in Western hagiography, which often tried to reconcile these two inspirations. The paper investigates the 12th century Life of Saint Giles by Guillaume de Berneville, seeing it as a typical example of such a narrative: its hero flees the world in search of salvation, but after years of solitary life ends up becoming an abbot of a prosperous monastery.

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The Changes in the Objectives of the Archive Administration in the Light of Polish Law 1919–2019

Przemiany zadań administracji archiwalnej w świetle przepisów prawa polskiego z lat 1919–2019

Author(s): Marek Konstankiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: gathering; devising and providing materials; popularization; information; research work

The year 2019 marks the hundredth anniversary of the decree on the organisation of state archives and archive care, which seems a good opportunity to look at the development of Polish archive law initiated then. Most of its regulations are devoted to archive administration, i.e. state archives and administrative bodies they are subordinated to. The law regulations specify the objectives to be fulfilled by the archive administration and the methods adopted. This last element defines the legal instruments to be used by the archivists, especially where they perform in the manner appropriate to that of administration, i.e. influencing other bodies unilaterally. Within the last one hundred years and on the example of three consecutive archive law regulations, it is possible to examine the changes in archive administration regulations and their objectives. They reflect the changes in fundamental state principles, the evolution of the needs met by the archives and, in the broader context, technical, social and civilisational transformations. The manifestations of such changes can be seen in regulations on gathering and providing archive materials by state archives and in the laws concerning the interaction between the public and private owners of the archive materials. Despite the core catalogue of the archive administration objectives, the regulations regarding their fulfilment have been gradually introduced, which is of great importance to archivist work. As a result, the legal context of archivist work becomes overcomplicated and requires using many regulations belonging to different bodies of law. Another problem is the actual enforcement of the archive law and the reflection on practical issues which come with it.

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The University of Warsaw. History and Traditions

The University of Warsaw. History and Traditions

Author(s): Jerzy Miziołek / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: University of Warsaw; history of the University of Warsaw; buildings of the University of Warsaw; Frederick Chopin

The author gives an account of the most important events covering two hundred years of the history of the University of Warsaw and introduces profiles of its rectors, outstanding professors and graduates, among them Fryderyk Chopin. The book can be read as an introduction to the University’s history, and as a guide to its historic monuments and collection of plaster casts, as well as the engravings and drawings housed in the University Library Print Room. The author discusses the achievements and heritage of the Faculty of Science and the Fine Arts, and also of the School of Fine Arts, which existed on the University campus in the years 1844-1862. He also focuses on the history of the University buildings, its emblem and other symbols as well as he describes University’s scientific and intellectual achievements in the context of Poland’s history. The book is complemented with the interesting appendixes referring to the Chopins’ apartment at the University Campus, Stanisław Kostka Potocki, founder of the Museum of the University of Warsaw, the collection of Egyptian mummies and sarcophagi (University of Warsaw deposit in the National Museum, Warsaw) and the University graduates who won the Nobel prize. The final part is the calendar of the University history. This book, richly illustrated with little-known materials, is addressed to a wide circle of readers.

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Experiencing a Child’s Illness in the Family (on the Example of Prader-Willi Syndrome)

Doświadczanie choroby dziecka w rodzinie (na przykładzie zespołu Pradera–Williego)

Author(s): Beata Lucyna Szluz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: experiencing the disease; involvement in the disease; family; Prader-Willi Syndrome; rare diseases

Prader-Willi syndrome is a complex genetic disorder characterised by a set of phenotypic traits, which include infantile hypotonia, short stature, and morbid obesity. A family living with a child with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) faces some unique challenges: How can siblings be helped to understand and support their brother or sister with PWS?; How can appropriate behaviour be encouraged in relatives who are resistant to maintaining, for example, food security?; How can a couple cope with the stress of living with a child who has special needs?; And how do caregivers take care of themselves in the midst of the often daily challenges of life with a person with PWS? Without support in these areas, a family can quickly find itself in crisis. PWS affects the entire family system. The article attempts to show and interpret the subjective experiences of the person (mother) whose biography includes raising the Prader-Willi syndrome child.

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Pedagogy of (the lack) of confidence

Pedagogika (braku) zaufania

Author(s): Bogusław Śliwerski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: university; pedagogy; worldview; political battle; politics; political power; democracy; conflicts; science

The phenomenon of decreasing confidence and trust in academic environments is the subject-matter of my analysis. I observe one of the reasons for that in the fights of political elites, which tend to drag scientists into their political games. The instrumental utilisation of worldview disparities, religious activity, ideological and political preferences split scientific and academic staff, becoming the cause of antagonism among the representatives of social sciences and humanities. I write about pedagogy which is dependent on state affairs and included in activities firstly concentrating on gaining political power by a specific political formation, secondly – on maintaining it thanks to the system of national education, care, and upbringing.

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Searching for a New Identity in a New Era: Emergence and Development of Sakha (Yakutia) as an Arctic Region

Searching for a New Identity in a New Era: Emergence and Development of Sakha (Yakutia) as an Arctic Region

Author(s): Daria Burnasheva / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: region; region-building; regional identity; Arctic; globalization

The Arctic identity is most widely studied in relation with Indigeneity, which is often seen as being threatened by globalization processes. In this paper, the Arctic identity of Sakha (Yakutia) is explored from the regionbuilding perspective, using a constructivist approach to reveal the principal factors that have shaped it. In this regard, my interest is the role of actors of Arctic identity. I argue that the development of Arctic identity has been largely influenced by, though not limited to, the globalization process.

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The Un-Corseted Body and the Retro-Future of Pre-Raphaelite Dress

The Un-Corseted Body and the Retro-Future of Pre-Raphaelite Dress

Author(s): Anna Antonowicz / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Pre-Raphaelites; un-corseted dress; modern; nature; gender

This essay explores the visual and material culture of late Victorian society, with investigation of the contemporary movement away from the artificial and towards the natural implied in the design of the Pre-Raphaelite un-corseted dress. This is dealt with in the context of artistic appreciation of changing gender roles in the emerging modern period.

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