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Modelling multinational firms

Modelowanie przedsiębiorstwa międzynarodowego

Author(s): Andrzej Cieślik / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: multinational firm

Neoclassical economics, a dominant framework until the 1970s and 1980s, treated activities of the multinational firms as a part of portfolio theories of international capital flows. The analysis of various kinds of imperfect competition or firm heterogeneity was impossible until the elements of the theory of industrial organization were introduced into the international trade theory. This modification allowed direct inclusion of two basic motivations for establishing multinational firms, horizontal and vertical ones, in the analysis. In this chapter, we present the basic theoretical models that incorporate those two trends (Helpman-Krugman-Markusen models) as well as the imperfect attempts at their integration (the knowledge-capital model) and the most important examples of empirical studies aimed at the verification of their theoretical claims.

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Language in assessment: Universalist vs. demotic approaches

Language in assessment: Universalist vs. demotic approaches

Author(s): Constant Leung / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: academic writing; academic literacy; construct; English as a Lingua Franca; communicative competence

The paper argues that recent research has alerted us to the changing nature of the use of language in communication in contemporary societies. In relation to the assessment of academic writing, particularly with reference to English, it is suggested that there is a need to broaden the concept of construct. I will draw on studies in English as a Lingua Franca and informal logic of argument to support my argument.

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Introducing interactive speaking tasks to improve the construct coverage of a test: A welcome change for test users?

Introducing interactive speaking tasks to improve the construct coverage of a test: A welcome change for test users?

Author(s): Monika Sobejko / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: test construct; interactional competence; paired format; Conversation Analysis; test users’ perceptions

The paired format of a speaking test appears to offer a more interactionally symmetric alternative to traditionally used Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPIs) (e.g., Lazaraton, 1992, 1996; van Lier, 1989). This article focuses on two paired tasks, a simulated discussion and a problem-solving task, which have been developed to enhance the construct of the speaking test which is currently used at the Jagiellonian Language Centre at the Jagiellonian University.

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In the Face of War. The Diaries of Polina Zherebtsova

W obliczu wojny. Dzienniki Poliny Żerebcowej

Author(s): Iwona Krycka-Michnowska / Language(s): Russian,Polish,Ukrainian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: diary; testimony; Chechen war; adolescence; trauma

The subject of the paper are Chechen diaries of Polina Zherebtsova, which were written between 1994 and 2004 in Grozny. Zherebtsova‘s diaries are treated as a shocking testimony of the times of war and a record of difficult growing up in a border situation, where every day is a struggle to survive. The proposed analysis refers to the concept of Małgorzata Czerminska’s autobiographical triangle and the theoretical findings of Philippe Lejeune and Paweł Rodak concerning literature as a personal document.

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A Christmas Carol: A Therapeutic Tale?

A Christmas Carol: A Therapeutic Tale?

Author(s): Ewa Kujawska-Lis / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: A Christmas Carol; Scrooge; Philip Zimbardo; Time Perspective Therapy; time perception

This analysis of Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol uses psychological theory to address the question of what happened to effect a change in Scrooge’s behavioural patterns. It deals with the perception of time and balancing time perspectives, in the context of Philip Zimbardo’s Temporal Theory and Time Perspective Therapy.

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Hamlet and the Travelling Players

Hamlet and the Travelling Players

Author(s): Daniel Gerould / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: itinerant actors; Hamlet; Eastern European theatre; Shakespeare adoptions;

This article discusses depictions of itinerant actors as a key to the innermost essence of theatrical art. In particular, it touches on productions of Hamlet and the experience of Eastern European theatre. In Hamlet, the wandering players perform several functions. Firstly, they reflect the political tensions of the day and the economic competition from children’s companies which Shakespeare was facing at the time. Secondly, they may be a reminiscence from Shakespeare’s own childhood, when similar itinerant companies visited Stratford. Thirdly, these scenes introduce the theme of theatre, even if the nature of Hamlet’s own stage experience remains open. It should be noted that historical attitudes to itinerant actors have not been stable. Initially very much an underclass occupation, the stigma was gradually replaced by a rhetoric of rebellion: a homeless actor turns into a dissenter, a poor but free vagabond, a pariah, a scapegoat, an occasional martyr. All these options are present in productions of Hamlet. The actors at Elsinore are chroniclers of the events, but also participants, even instigators of the events. Characteristically, Eastern European productions in countries marked by the experience of totalitarianism sometimes depict the actors as tragic figures, ensnared in political intrigue against their will, brutally abused and severely punished for naively siding with Prince Hamlet.

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Play and Literature: "Ludus" in Michael Ende’s "Der Spiegel im Spiegel"

Play and Literature: "Ludus" in Michael Ende’s "Der Spiegel im Spiegel"

Author(s): Małgorzata Filipowicz / Language(s): English,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: play; cultural record; fantasy; ludic elements; intertextual games

In the present paper, the terms ‘game’ and ‘play’ are used interchangeably and analysed on the basis of "Der Spiegel im Spiegel" by Michael Ende (1986). In this collection of short stories, the exploration of play with reference to the form, structure and composition of the work of literature should only be considered as a side issue, since play as “cultural record” or Bakhtinian dialogism appears to occupy a central role here.

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In Memory of Granny Weatherwax

In Memory of Granny Weatherwax

Author(s): Bartłomiej Błaszkiewicz / Language(s): English,German / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: fantasy; Pratchett; folktale; narration; spirituality

The article concerns the evolution of the character of Granny Weatherwax, one of the central creations of the Discworld comic fantasy series by the British author Terry Pratchett. The argument attempts to trace the progressive development of the character against the ever more complex narrative techniques adopted by Pratchett in the successive novels, and also in the context of the author’s growing sophistication in tackling major existential themes in his fiction.

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Sharing Experience and Learning in Doing International Research

Sharing Experience and Learning in Doing International Research

Author(s): Agnieszka Naumiuk / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: global social work; joint master’s degree program; international studies; aims of social work

The article explores the experience of implementing the international studying program ADVANCES (Advanced Development in Social Work) in terms of the challenges and dilemmas in designing and realizing joint education & research programs. The program exposes the difference between ‘the talk’ and ‘the walk’ in the global social work concept building of human and institutional capacities, on the one hand, and merging theory and practice in preparation to contemporary social work profession, on the other. It also brings to light the process of integrating models and understandings of how international collaboration in higher education could look like (and be delivered worldwide). The ADVANCES program, which integrates the theories and practices that were formerly approached separately in social work, creates a context for the European (and, by extension, international) status of social work, while its respective components, such as the experience of social work institutions and their beneficiaries, contribute a new, global value to the discussion by demonstrating the ‘diverse universe’ of helping professions offers.

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The Polyphonic Documentary Novel

The Polyphonic Documentary Novel

Author(s): Marek Miller / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: reportage; documentary novel; polyphony; multimedia; oral history

The goal of the paper is to present the polyphonic documentary novel. This concept has been elaborated by the "Laboratory of Reportage". The Laboratory is a place for journalistic experimentations and explorations, where teams of journalists work collectively on text, use multimedia to tell stories, and penetrate the area between journalism and literature, journalism and playwriting, and journalism and screenplay writing. When combining novel and reportage writing, the polyphony, being focused on a novel’s objectivity, directness, as well as social and community philosophy, becomes the pivotal concept. The paper deals with the issue of the polyphonic documentary novel’s relation with history, drama and screenplay, as well as other issues stemming from the Laboratory’s practice.

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The Space of Community in the Projects of the Laboratory of Reportage

The Space of Community in the Projects of the Laboratory of Reportage

Author(s): Krzysztof Muszyński / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Laboratory of Reportage; community; geopoetics; polyphony; Mikhail Bakhtin

The author undertakes a reflection upon the notion of a community by analysing three books inspired by the "Laboratory of Reportage": Karolina Apiecionek’s Mundial ’74. Dogrywka (1974 World Cup. Extra Time), Jakub Kulawczuk’s Czas zatrzymany (Suspended Time) and Kinga Grafa, Marta Mazus, Władysław Rybinski and Marta Wójcik’s Wyspa Montrésor (Montrésor Island). The author points at formal similarities of analysed works and, through the close reading of the texts, defines places around which the community gathers and splits. In the first place, the topics of the above-mentioned books are discussed along with the modalities of narrative construction, dramaturgy and differentiation of language taking place in all three polyphonic reportages. The reflection, which is to be located on the border between literary studies, sociology and geography – just as the Laboratory of Reportage’s methods are borderline – is inspired by Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory and, primarily, by Elżbieta Rybicka’s Geopoetyka (Geopoetics).

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About the book. Humans in situations not only from a psychologist’s perspective. Studies inspired by the theory of Tadeusz Tomaszewski

About the book. Humans in situations not only from a psychologist’s perspective. Studies inspired by the theory of Tadeusz Tomaszewski

Author(s): Barbara Bokus,Ewa Kosowska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Tadeusz Tomaszewski; theory of action; model of a situation; existential vs. behavioral situations; normal vs. difficult situations; multidisciplinary approach

A collection of essays from different areas of psychology as well as cultural anthropology, paleogeography and geology, sociology, political philosophy, philosophy of religion, theology, history, Oriental studies, cultural studies, lexicography, pedagogy, genetics and archeology, inspired by Professor Tadeusz Tomaszewski’s theory of action and the related model of a situation. The authors show what contemporary research contributes to our understanding of the notion of a situation and what there is new to say today, almost half a century since the publication of the Professor’s text (Człowiek w sytuacji, PWN, 1975), about humans in the multitude of situations in which they are agents.

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Developing Interdisciplinary Bridges: Between Linguistics and Law in Forensic Linguistics

Interdyscyplinarne pomosty między językoznawstwem a prawem w lingwistyce kryminalistycznej

Author(s): Monika Zaśko-Zielińska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: interdisciplinarity; language as evidence; forensic linguistics; applied linguistics; law; admissible linguistic evidence

This article addresses the issue of evidential analysis in forensic linguistics, focusing on its interdisciplinary aspects. They are conditioned by recent developments in modern linguistics, the specific needs of the analyzed material (such as farewell letters), as well as the requirements of law. In the expert opinion, the expert must take into account the admissibility requirements of scientific evidence, but also present the adopted methodology and the data analysis in a clear, precise, and professional manner, so as to make sure that lawyers are able to perform further procedural decisions.

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Geopoetic reading of the novel entitled "La Quarantaine" by J.-M.G. Le Clézio

Lecture géopoétique de "La Quarantaine" de J.-M.G. Le Clézio

Author(s): Natalia Nielipowicz / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Le Clézio; La Quarantaine; Kenneth White; geopoetics; ecology; engaged literature

Various civilisations and cultures are a breeding ground in the search of a harmonious life in agreement with the natural world, which is a feature of the characters in J.-M.G. Le Clézio’s novels. This is the case with the narrators of La Quarantaine, which will be read here through the prism of the philosophy of Kenneth White, a theoretician of geopoetics. According to geopoetic ideas the return journey, presented in the novel’s central story, for the narrator, is a vivid and sensual experience of new places. However the opening of the surrounding space becomes possible not only thanks to this physical experience but also thanks to the knowledge, both scientific and mythological, which the narrator acquires about the «opening» place. The article is an attempt to answer the question whether this new presence in the world, described by Le Clézio, will allow La Quarantaine to be assigned to the trend of ecologically engaged literature.

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PERSONAL CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING SELECTION, IDENTIFICATION AND PROMOTION OF TALENTS IN FOOTBALL

PERSONAL CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING SELECTION, IDENTIFICATION AND PROMOTION OF TALENTS IN FOOTBALL

Author(s): Arben KAÇURRI,Irakli QURKU / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: selection; talent; football; training;

The term “selection” has provoked disputes among various people, some of whom, for institutional reasons, defending the cause of a sport that enjoys great popularity and aims to attract all possible talents on the football field. From our point of view, football selection is not a unique, singular action. It has a lasting character and is carried out in several stages. The efficiency of the selection greatly depends on the quality of the training process and is largely conditioned by the way in which the particularities of growth and development of children and juniors are taken into account. By using the scientific selection process in football, the path to achieving remarkable (often incredible) performance becomes shorter. The selected individual undergoes a careful training process and tries to obtain maximum efficiency in the shortest time (depending on the biological potential). Also, the purpose of this paper is to improve the duration of the educational and training process, based on the improvement of the selection process correlated with the sports training stages in the football game. Selection and training have to be regarded according to the following training-type models: children, juniors III, juniors II, juniors I, which must take into account the criteria: health status, social condition, physical ability, body size, general motor skills, favourable motor skills, psychological ability, technical and tactical training, and game testing. We believe that, by contributing to the knowledge of the above-mentioned particularities, this paper eliminates the possibility of methodological errors that can have irreversible negative consequences."

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DIDACTIC METHODS USED IN SPORT FOR TRAINING CHILDREN AT RISK OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION

DIDACTIC METHODS USED IN SPORT FOR TRAINING CHILDREN AT RISK OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION

Author(s): Alina Daniela MOANȚĂ,Valentin CARACAȘ,Sorin Mirel Ciolca,Doina Croitoru,Iulian Gabriel GHIȚESCU,Gheorghe Grigore,Cezar Hantău,Alin Săftel / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: method; exclusion; sports games;

In the complex process of training children at risk of social exclusion, sports activities with content from sports games aim at specific motor objectives related to the acquisition, strengthening or improvement of the knowledge, abilities and motor skills specific to each sport, as well as social objectives mainly aimed to facilitate integration into small, medium and large social groups of children. The effectiveness of the training is determined by the system of methods and means used, their variety, so that the practice of sports games determines multiple acquisitions, from the point of view of student communication, by increasing the number of specific motor skills, determining the proper organization and direction of the activity, stimulating and maintaining students’ interest in the practice of sports games. The study aims to find the most useful methods and means of training children at risk of social exclusion by using a questionnaire survey. It was applied to teachers and specialist inspectors working with children included in the target group within the project “Sustainable social and educational integration through sports activities” - PNP001, which is in its first year of development. The information provided by the questionnaire survey and the conclusions of this study will lead to the optimisation of the methodology for intervention on the target group.

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Water governance and bio-accounting

WATER GOVERNANCE AND BIO-ACCOUNTING

Author(s): Ciro Alfonso Serna Mendoza,Eutimio Mejía Soto / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: water; bio-accounting; governance; nature

Contrary to what the conventional economy says, natural resources are not scarce, they are sufficient, but they require adequate governance. The problem of depletion and degradation of natural resources, and especially of water resources, is the result of the insufficiency or absence of an integrated management focused on the active preservation of resources and ecosystems; in conclusion, water problems are a matter of water governance. Sustainable environmental management requires transparent, holistic and integrated organizational information systems that contribute to the correct representation of reality and good decision-making. In this sense, bio-accounting is mainly a complement to achieve the sustainable purposes of governance, which require accounting information that leads to the presentation of qualitative and quantitative non-monetary information of natural wealth (including water), as a mechanism for evaluating the organizational management and implementation of corrective actions and continuous improvement. This proposal establishes the relevance and importance, which a system of socially committed environmental accounting represents for water governance.

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Bio-accounting: an alternative to the challenges of the accounting science

BIO-ACCOUNTING: AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE ACCOUNTING SCIENCE

Author(s): Víctor Julio Balanta Martínez,Ciro Alfonso Serna Mendoza / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: bio-accounting; ecological economics; emergy synthesis; sustainability; decision making

In the face of the demand for non-fi nancial information by different users for decision making, the paper aims to evince the need to link the ecological economics postulates to the discussion of accounting sciences to support the implementation of bio-accounting. Similarly, it shows the emergy synthesis method based on biophysical valuation approaches as a possibility for the realization of bio-accounting processes from the perspective of sustainability.

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School failure

School failure

Author(s): Ewa Sokołowska / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: learning failure; school psychologist; teaching; monitoring; prevention; promotion; intervention

The school psychologist’s tasks related to learning difficulties are among the most important. When working with a child with learning difficulties, it is useful to follow some basic rules. The child’s and the parent’s consent to the psychological contact should be obtained. It is necessary to use a variety of sources of diagnostic information and to obtain a wide range of support for working with the child. It is just as important for the psychologist to constantly remind themselves that no two children are alike and that there are no two identical problems in school failure. Also, it is essential to precede every psychological action towards the child with a diagnosis. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the diagnosis and all information about the support provided is understandable for a non-professional. However, the psychologist’s own professional development should not be neglected.

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Social and territorial inequality in Colombia

Social and territorial inequality in Colombia

Author(s): Luis Alfredo Muñoz Velasco,Sylwia Kulczyk / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: social inequality; territorial inequality; social magma

The paper discusses the development gaps between Colombian regions. On the basis of the extensive literature review the indices used by National Planning Department (Departamento Nacional de Planeaciòn) and IDERE-LATAM index are selected. Referring to the concepts of social inequality and territorial inequality, and using departmental typologies, the analysis of development environments on the regional level is conducted. Synthetic indicators are used to measure development progress and to show the existing gaps between the regions. The way to combat social and territorial inequality is to reduce the factors that generate political instability in the region. These are the loss of governance, the promotion of migration within and between regions, the slowdown of economic and social progress and the promotion of class division.

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