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Using Public-Private Partnership for Stimulating Innovational Developments in the Infrastructural Sphere

Using Public-Private Partnership for Stimulating Innovational Developments in the Infrastructural Sphere

Author(s): Irina Morozova,Tatiana N. Litvinova,Ivan A. MORDVINTSEV,Olga V. KONINA / Language(s): English / Issue: 34/2018

Keywords: public-private partnership; stimulation of innovational developments; innovations in the infrastructural sphere; economy of modern Russia;

The purpose of the article is to study the perspectives of using public-private partnership for stimulating innovational developments in the infrastructural sphere of modern Russia. The method of factor analysis is used for determining the influence of such factors as infrastructure, institutes, and innovations on the value of the global competitiveness index of Russia in 2016, as compared to 2012. The information and analytical basis includes materials of the Global competitiveness report for 2012 and 2016. The results of analysis showed importance of development of infrastructural sphere in modern Russia, as it is one of the key factors of the national economy’s competitiveness. That’s why its development is very important for strengthening of national competitive advantages of Russia. The authors offer a perspective scheme of using public-private partnership for stimulating innovational developments in the modern Russia’s infrastructural sphere.

What is new in the early modern studies?

Co nového v raném novověku?

Author(s): Václav Bůžek / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: Historiography; Early modern Age; Central Europe;Bohemia and Austria-Hungary;

Recent conferences and events concerning early modern history in Central Europe.

THE CONCEPT OF ,,SMART DEFENCE” AND POOLING AND SHARING

THE CONCEPT OF ,,SMART DEFENCE” AND POOLING AND SHARING

Author(s): Dorin Savin / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2019

Keywords: NATO; EUROPEAN UNION; SMART DEFENCE; POOLING AND SHARING;

THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRISIS WAS THE MAIN STIMULUS THAT DETERMINED THE BREADTH AND SUCCCESS OF THE INTELLIGENT DEFENCE IDEA OF COURSE, THIS IDEA OF SHARING RESOURCES AND USING THEM TOGETHER BY NATO OR EU MEMBER STATES IS NOT A NEW IDEA. THESE ORGANIZATIONS ARE AT THE BORDER OF IMPLEMENTING NEW CONCEPTS OF DEFENSE PLANNING. IF WE HAVE THE CONCEPT OF ,,POOLING AND SHARING” AT EU LEVEL, THE CONCEPT OF ,,SMART DEFENCE” IS BEING CIRCULATED AT NATO LEVEL, WITH IMPLICATIONS GOING BEYOND DEFENSE PLANNING, THE SIGNIFICANCES BEING MORE COMPLEX, STRATEGIC, GEOPOLITICAL OR RELATIONSHIPRELATED INTERNATIONAL. ,,SMART DEFENCE” AND ,,POOLING AND SHARING” HAVE GAINED A RESOUNDING SUCCESS IN THE SECURITY AND DEFENSE ENVIRONMENTS IN THE UNIQUE INTERNATIONAL DEFENSE INVESTMENT-ENVIORONMENT. EURO-ATLANTIC COMMUNITY MEMBERS CAN ACHIEVE AN INCREASE IN SECURITY UNDER THE AUSTERITY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE BUDGETS GENERATED BY THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRISIS, A CRISIS THAT PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN CREATING A FAVOURABLE CONTEXT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TWO CONCEPTS.

A Complex Analysis of Labour Market in the European Union. Benefits and Barriers for Romania

A Complex Analysis of Labour Market in the European Union. Benefits and Barriers for Romania

Author(s): Alin Ioan Creţu,Laurentiu Tescan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: The single market; migration and the European social model; employment rate; unemployment rate;

The European Union aims, as the main objective, to increase the employment rate of the population and using it to its full potential in order to increase living standards. When control of barriers between EU Member States was lifted, it was necessary to create a european single market (Single European Market) that encouraged the interdependence of the economies of states and the development of a common system of laws. Taking into account the social component, single labor market (European Single Labour Market) is a critical element in achieving the benefits of an integrated market. Moreover, it is one of the key forces for achieving the Europe 2020 goals, particularly in relation to employment rates and initiative Youth on the Move (in order to improve education and employment among young people).

Humanitarian access in armed conflicts: current challenges

Гуманітарний доступ у збройних конфліктах: сучасні виклики

Author(s): Y. Usmanov,A. Martynevich / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 156/2022

Keywords: humanitarian access; international humanitarian law; international human rights; human rights;

Humanitarian access is a crucial element of humanitarian action in situations of armed conflict since it is impossible to provide direct humanitarian assistance without it. The right of access to victims of armed conflict is a fundamental element of humanitarian action since it allows humanitarian aid organizations to make an independent assessment of needs, ensure the effectiveness of their activities and monitor the fair distribution of such aid. However, gaining and maintaining access to the population to provide humanitarian assistance is difficult for humanitarian organizations. The provision of such access may be limited by armed conflict and the fact that humanitarian access is usually considered ad hoc, so there are often no established methods or rules for granting such access. Although humanitarian access is not a new issue in international law, there are several challenges today in securing and maintaining such access in situations of armed conflict. The article will consider the problems of understanding the term “humanitarian access,” the rights and responsibilities of participants in armed conflicts regarding such access, obligations, and restrictions on humanitarian organizations themselves, criteria for granting humanitarian access in various situations, the interaction of international humanitarian missions with combatant parties, challenges related to the accreditation of humanitarian missions, the coordination of the system of humanitarian assistance, and legislative, regulatory gaps. The article will suggest possible ways to solve the problems.

The impact of public funding on the development of Romanian agriculture after EU integration

The impact of public funding on the development of Romanian agriculture after EU integration

Author(s): Andrei-Cristian Matei,Mihaela Onofrei,Ioana Marinela Gavriluta (Turta),Domnita Gritco,Lenuta Cojocariu / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2021

Keywords: public funding; public institutions; farmers; agricultural investments;

The purpose of this research is to analyse the impact of public funding on the agricultural sector in Romania. The study highlights public institutions and their role in financing Romanian agriculture and shows the results obtained by analysing the effects of public funding on the agriculture sector, as very important for economy. In this sense, we present the functionality and the role of two important public institutions at national level, APIA and AFIR. The research methodology is based on qualitative methods using the inductive and deductive approach. The main conclusion of the study shows that public funding leads to an increase in the number of new farmers and an increase in agricultural entrepreneurial revenue. In the end, the research results can provide important guides in substantiating the financing of the needs of the agricultural sector for public decision makers, as well as its importance for the economy.

Vadym Adadurov. Napoléonide in the East of Europe: Representations, Plans, and Activities of the French Government in Relation to the Southwestern Border Regions of the Russian Empire at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century

Vadym Adadurov. “Napoleonida” na skhodi Ievropy: Uiavlennia, proekty ta diial'nist' uriadu Frantsii shchodo pivdenno-zakhidnykh okrain Rosiis'koi imperii na pochatku XIX stolittia

Author(s): Serhiy Bilenky / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

REVIEW OF: Vadym Adadurov. “Napoleonida” na skhodi Ievropy: Uiavlennia, proekty ta diial'nist' uriadu Frantsii shchodo pivdenno-zakhidnykh okrain Rosiis'koi imperii na pochatku XIX stolittia [Napoléonide in the East of Europe: Representations, Plans, and Activities of the French Government in Relation to the Southwestern Border Regions of the Russian Empire at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century]. 2nd, expanded and revised ed., Vydavnytstvo Ukrains'koho Katolyts'koho Universytetu, 2018. 624 pp. Tables. Footnotes. Appendix. Bibliography. Indexes. Summaries.

Selected Aspects of European Integration of the Visegrad Group Countries

Selected Aspects of European Integration of the Visegrad Group Countries

Author(s): Maria Celina Błaszczyk / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Visegrad Group; European Union; association; membership

This paper analyzes the membership of the Visegrad Group countries (the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary) in the European Union (EU). It presents the parallel process of fundamental systemic transformation and integration with the EU in the analyzed countries. Their integration path is shown, starting from the association with the European Communities, a transitional period to membership, through adjustments to the requirements related to EU accession and membership. A comparative analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators, trade development, and the inflow of foreign direct investment showed that the adopted measures and the membership of these countries in the EU positively impacted their overall socio‑economic development, in particular in the context of modernizing and restructuring their economies, which ultimately translated into the civilizational leap of the analyzed countries.

DYNAMICS OF WORK FORCE IN ROMANIA

DYNAMICS OF WORK FORCE IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Veronica Grosu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: work force; labor market; Romania;

The labor market can be represented by the degree of employment, unemployment and economic inactivity. The degree of employment is influenced by the decisions taken by employers at a given moment, by the legislative changes and developments of activity fields. Given the factors of production, labor, nature and capital, the most representative for the economic entity is the workforce. That is why, when designing the organization of various activities, account is taken of both the evolution of the market and the availability of the workforce, thus being included in the development of the society dimension. The objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of the workforce in Romania, both in terms of the unemployment rate and the degree of employability.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN RENEWABLE ENERGY: THE NEW STRATEGY DIRECTION FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN RENEWABLE ENERGY: THE NEW STRATEGY DIRECTION FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Author(s): Nicoleta Isac,Waqar Badshah / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: automotive industry; development; renewable energy; strategy; sustainability;

The demand for energy keeps growing and new energy vehicles represent the future direction of the automotive industry over the next decade. Renewable energy sources provide a strong contribution to greenhouse gas emission reduction. New developments in hybrid, EV or alternative fueled vehicles, another business trend is changing how automobile manufacturers are conducting business, running their operations and planning long-term strategies. The future will not play out the same way for every country or type of car, so this paper present the importance of renewable energy and how manufacturer commitment to new technologies projects.

Open University or Roma as one of the target groups for social pedagogy

Otevřená univerzita aneb Romové jako jedna z cílových skupin sociální pedagogiky

Author(s): Anna Gulová,Lenka Gulová / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: social pedagogy; Roma people; open university;

Mezi cílové skupiny sociální pedagogiky patří romská menšina. Jednak v kontextu sociálního znevýhodnění, které souvisí s mnoha faktory života romského obyvatelstva, ale současně ve vztahu k tématům spojeným s multikulturní výchovou, se zacházením s diverzitou ve společnosti a s procesy inkluze v prostředí školy i společnosti. Pro mnohá pracoviště na univerzitách, kde se vzdělávají sociální pedagogové, je téma romské populace, romského národa nejen součástí vyučovaných předmětů, ale také mnohých projektů zacílených na konkrétní sociálněpedagogická témata.

Development and Current Protection of Victims in an International Perspective

Vývoj a současná ochrana obětí v mezinárodní perspektivě

Author(s): Martina Slámová / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: victim+protection rights;documents;United Nations;Council of Europe;European Union

The paper deals with the issue of protection of the rights of victims of crime in an international context. The author presents important transnational documents that set minimum standards for the support and protection of crime victims and that significantly affected the current position and protection of crime victims in the Czech legislation.

Resilience in Strategic Documents and Practice of Romania

Resilience in Strategic Documents and Practice of Romania

Author(s): Artem Fylypenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 03 (25)/2021

Keywords: Romania; Resilience; Ukraine;

In recent years, Romania has been paying increased attention to the topic of resilience. In its National Defence Strategy 2020-2024 basic approaches to strengthening the resilience of Romania are described and it is assumed that resilience covers all stages of a crisis, from prevention (where possible) to adjustment and limitation of effects (when necessary), and includes positive transformations that strengthen the ability of current and future generations to provide what they need. In practice, enhancing Romania’s resilience was realised in establishing the Euro-Atlantic Centre for Resilience, a public institution under the authority of the MFA of Romania. This article attempts to analyse the steps Romania is taking to build resilience, and the ability for Ukraine to benefit from Romania’s experience.

Decarbonisation and financial performance of energy companies

Decarbonisation and financial performance of energy companies

Author(s): Ágnes Horváth,Adrienn Takács Papp,Katalin Lipták,László Molnár,Klára Markovics,Ioana Manafi,Zoltán Musinszki / Language(s): English / Issue: 61/2022

Keywords: decarbonisation; GHG emission; corporate financial performance; profitability; energy companies;

Our daily lives are unimaginable without energy. Producing it, however, may be harmful to the environment depending on the energy source. The Paris Agreement brought a key question to the fore: with or without coal? The Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA) members, including the European Union, have committed to the phasing out of coal by 2030. Several Member States of the European Union have recently closed almost 130 coal-fired power plants. The closure of these plants, in addition to impacting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, also exerts influence on the financial position of power plant owners. This study seeks to answer the question of how the profitability of the company groups that operate (and have closed) coal-fired power plants in the European Union has evolved. Is there a relationship between decarbonisation and profitability trends, and are there any patterns in the environmental and financial performance of individual company groups? The main added value of our research is highlighting that different groups of companies have responded differently to the EU’s decarbonisation targets, and these reactions have also been reflected in their financial performance. The study included 21 company groups that cover more than 70% of CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants in the EU. The profitability indicators were calculated based on the publicly available consolidated annual reports of the companies for 2016 and 2020. Following a reliability test of the indicators, a cluster analysis was carried out. The different reactions allowed us to classify the energy groups into different clusters. The analysed companies were classified into four homogeneous groups: Frontrunner, Up and-coming, Sacrifice makers, and Stagnating companies. Although a significant relationship could not be found between the change in GHG emissions and the change in profitability position, a multidirectional relationship was identified between the environmental and financial performance of companies.

Are EU policies for brownfield redevelopment sufficient? A case study of Alpine industrial landscapes in the context of small and medium-sized towns

Kako učinkovite so politike EU za prenovo razvrednotenih območij? Študija primera alpskih industrijskih krajin v malih in srednje velikih mestih

Author(s): Manca Krošelj,Naja Marot,Tomaž Pipan / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: small and medium-sized cities; renovation of devalued areas; alpine regions; policy analysis; EU policies;

Mala in srednje velika industrijska mesta v Alpah so običajno na obrobnih območjih in so pogosto razvrednotena. Navedeno je večinoma posledica tega, da so se industrijske krajine v zadnjih dveh letih spremenile v razvrednotena območja, katerih prenovo ovira več dejavnikov. Med njimi so upad števila prebivalcev, slabšanje poslovnih priložnosti, draga okoljska sanacija in zahtevno upravljanje preobrazbe. Avtorji v članku proučujejo, katere možnosti za prenovo imajo alpska mesta z razvrednotenimi industrijskimi območji, katero podporo zagotavlja Evropska unija in koliko razvojnega potenciala se dejansko na ta način v celoti uresniči. Obravnavana so štiri obrobna območja v štirih alpskih državah: v Avstriji, Franciji, Italiji in Sloveniji. Izsledki kažejo, da veljavne politike EU nezadostno urejajo razvrednotena območja. Finančne spodbude so razpršene med več viri, zaradi česar jih je težko črpati, poleg tega na proučevanih območjih ni zadostnega znanja in zmogljivosti za pridobitev sredstev, ki jih potrebujejo za to, da svoje zamisli pretvorijo v uspešne zgodbe o prenovi.

ANALYSING THE EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF THE EXCHANGE RATE, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND TRADE OPENNESS ON SOUTH AFRICA’S NON-TRADABLE SECTORS

ANALYSING THE EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS OF THE EXCHANGE RATE, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND TRADE OPENNESS ON SOUTH AFRICA’S NON-TRADABLE SECTORS

Author(s): Chama Chipeta / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: job creation; employment; non-tradable sector; real exchange rate; and trade openness;

Mounting assertions of the increased benefits of foreign trade integration, in terms of increased wages and labour, as well as factor productivity and resource reallocations, are accompanied by subsequent concerns of coexisting job destruction, particularly for countries with evidently rising unemployment and poverty levels. Such is the case for a post-apartheid South African economy, ravaged by persistently high unemployment rates amid increased trade liberalisation. In drawing meaningful inherences, this study examined the effects of South Africa’s trade openness, the real effective exchange rate and foreign direct investment (FDI) on job creation or employment in selected non-tradable sectors. A quantitative approach was used, with the aforementioned trade-related factors as explanatory variables. Employment in the non-tradable sector’s construction, finance, and the wholesale and retail trade sector served as dependent variables. A quarterly dataset from 1995Q1 to 2021Q1 was employed. While the standard Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to gauge short-run and long-run relationships. Further econometric methods such as the correlations analysis were conducted to obtain additional understanding of the nature of the set variables. Findings showed that trade liberalisation effects induce varying implications on employment in the considered non-tradable sectors, perhaps due to idiosyncratic characteristics in the nature and operational structure of each sector. Trade openness was shown to have exhibited significant long-run implications on job creation in all the sectors, whereas the parameters of the rest of the explanatory series were not significant in the long-run. Results further showcased mixed short-run effects of trade factors on employment in all sectors, with significant parameters for the real effective exchange rate and trade openness with employment in the construction sector. Including significant short-run relationships for the real effective exchange rate with employment in the finance sector. Significant parameters for employment in the wholesale and retail trade sector with FDI and the real effective exchange rate were established. Further inferences were made in expounding on the established dynamics.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNEMPLOYMENT AND CRIME IN AZERBAIJAN

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNEMPLOYMENT AND CRIME IN AZERBAIJAN

Author(s): Ruhangiz Aliyeva,KHANIM H. GULIYEVA / Language(s): English / Issue: 55/2022

Keywords: analysis; unemployment; crime; Azerbaijan; indicators;

This article examines the relationship between unemployment and crime in Azerbaijan and the impact of the number of unemployed on the number of offenders. For this purpose, a quantitative analysis was conducted based on the fact that the unemployment rate is an independent variable and the number of offenders is a dependent variable. The analysis used the country's official statistics on unemployment and crime for 1993-2019. Also, people who received the status of unemployed for 2019 and those who committed crimes in that year were classified by age group and both indicators were compared. According to analysis reflected in the article, it was determined that unemployment in Azerbaijan for 27 years is a reason for criminals to commit these illegal acts. However, this is not a strong catalyst.

EU’s Revised Enlargement Methodology: Emperor’s New Clothes As the New Iron Curtain Falls in Europe

EU’s Revised Enlargement Methodology: Emperor’s New Clothes As the New Iron Curtain Falls in Europe

Author(s): Maja Kovačević / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2022

Keywords: European Union; enlargement; transformative power; Western Balkans; revised enlargement methodology; Eastern Europe

The nature of the European Union (EU) as a global actor has long been the subject of academic debate. Proponents of understanding the EU as a normative, civilian force agree that its greatest transformative power lies in its enlargement policy, which allows it to shape reforms in countries that wish to become its members through strong conditioning. It is in this context that we will analyse the new methodology of accession negotiations, with the basic premise that it represents a debatable attempt of the EU to preserve its transformative power in relation to candidate countries despite the crisis of the enlargement policy and to further strengthen the already strong mechanisms of conditionality that accompany this process. Two years have passed since the new methodology was adopted, yet there have been no significant changes. Meanwhile, the dramatic change in the geopolitical situation, caused by the outbreak of war in Ukraine in February 2022, has led to a sudden fall of the new Iron Curtain on the continent, creating additional controversies regarding the enlargement policy: Will it apply also to Eastern European countries in the future, and will it become part of a differentiated integration? Also, the question of whether the EU can act strategically towards establishing new relations in Europe is being raised once again.

Some of the citizens' legislative initiatives submitted to the Legislative Council for approval

Câteva dintre inițiativele legislative cetățenești supuse avizării Consiliului Legislativ

Author(s): Lucica-Violeta Niculae / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2022

Keywords: citizens' legislative initiative; Romanian Constitution; sovereignty;

The citizens' legislative initiative took shape in Romania following the year 1991, out of a real need of the public to be involved in the lawmaking process. Although it is well regulated, in practice it remains a difficult procedure which has rarely produced any tangible results. This article reviews some of these initiatives, with a focus on the comments and proposals of the Legislative Council, the body responsible for approving them

IOM, RAS & The Toyo Bunko (eds.) 2021. Catalogue of the Old Uyghur Manuscripts and Blockprints in the Serindia Collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS

IOM, RAS & The Toyo Bunko (eds.) 2021. Catalogue of the Old Uyghur Manuscripts and Blockprints in the Serindia Collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS

Author(s): Jens Wilkens / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

IOM, RAS & The Toyo Bunko (eds.) 2021. Catalogue of the Old Uyghur Manuscripts and Blockprints in the Serindia Collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS. Compiled by Olga Lundysheva, Anna Turanskaya, and Umemura Hiroshi. Edited by Peter Zieme. Vol. 1. Tokyo: Toyo Bunko & St. Petersburg: Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS. 386 pp. (incl. 30 plates). ISBN 978-4-8097-0306-5.