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Possibilities of Psychotherapy in Correcting Children’s Emotional and Behavioral Problems: Analysis of the Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavioral The

Psichologinės pagalbos galimybės vaikams, turintiems emocijų bei elgesio problemų: dialektinės elgesio terapijos efektyvumo analizė

Author(s): Justina Gervytė,Viktoras Justickis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: dialectical behavioural therapy; 8 to 11 year old children; emotional and behavioural problems

The effectiveness of dialectical behavioural therapy in a sample of children from 8 to 11 years old was studied. All participants of the study were characterized as deviant and exhibited mixed emotional and behavioural difficulties. The therapeutic programme was composed according to the principles of dialectical behavioural therapy. It consisted of three modes: a training group of social skills for children, individual therapy for children and psycho-educational sessions for parents. 54 children participated in the social skills training group. Presenting the sample of the study, 10 sessions were conducted with those children. Among them, 22 exhibited two or more mixed emotional and behavioural disorders and were oriented into the sessions of individual therapy. Psycho-educational sessions for parents were offered. A group of 16 parents chose to participate in these activities. The changes in the children’s behaviour were evaluated using ASEBA TRF. Assessments of the children’s behaviour were made before and after the programme. The results indicated positive changes in the behaviour of children from 9 to 11 years old. The major changes were estimated in the cases of aggression, social problems and attention problems. These results reflected major targets of dialectical behaviour therapy—mindfulness, stress tolerance, emotional control and collaboration skills training. The age and gender of the participants influenced the effectiveness of dialectical behavioural therapy.

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Transdiagnostic Models of Eating Disorders and Therapeutic Methods: the Example of Fairburn's Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment

Transdiagnostic Models of Eating Disorders and Therapeutic Methods: the Example of Fairburn's Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment

Author(s): Stanisław Malicki,Paweł Ostaszewski,Joanna Dudek / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: eating disorders; Cognitive Behavior Therapy; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; transdiagnostic approach

The present article aims to present a transdiagnostic approach to eating disorders (anorexia nervosa,bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders not otherwise specified) using the example of two relativelynew types of therapy: Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), based on Fairburn’s model, andAcceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Theoretical frameworks, psychopathology, proposedchange mechanisms, as well as objectives and selected therapeutic techniques are discussedfor both approaches. Directions for further research comparing the efficacy of the two approaches,the factors that moderate their outcomes, and the possibilities of integrating the two models arealso suggested.

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Essences of Somatic Awareness as Captured in a Verbally Directed Body Scan: A Phenomenological Case Study

Essences of Somatic Awareness as Captured in a Verbally Directed Body Scan: A Phenomenological Case Study

Author(s): Luann D. FORTUNE / Language(s): English / Issue: Volume 3/2011

Keywords: Body Awareness; Focusing; Massage; Phenomenology; Somatosensory;

Somatic awareness is bodily sensation imbued with consciousness. Directing and cultivating somatic awareness is a practice fundamental to many therapeutic and spiritual enterprises. Recent developments in neuroscience attempt to explain the operational aspects of somatic awareness. But it has long been a topic of conversation in other paradigms, from philosophy to health care. Somatic input provides information for use in wellness treatment applications, including therapeutic bodywork. Yet few massage therapy scholarly investigations aim to capture the quality of body awareness experience. The essence of the experience and its associated language remain imprecise and under-explored holistically. This article implements the therapeutic practice technique of the Body Scan to capture the essence of an inner body exploration (proprioception and interoception). Based on a narrative collected during a verbally self-directed exercise, a phenomenological description is explicated to represent one incident of internal body experience. The pilot study suggests that the Body Scan offers potential as a research tool, as well as a modality for therapeutic intervention.

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The Future of Leadeship? An Inquisitive, Nonliniar and Holistic Approach

The Future of Leadeship? An Inquisitive, Nonliniar and Holistic Approach

Author(s): Maria Hriţcu,Mariana Nicolae / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2012

Keywords: spiritual leadership; narrative inquiry; holistic approach; life balance

This paper focuses on a growing trend of interest in "spiritual leadership" and three important directions arising from a mindful and meditative approach to leadership - self-awareness, empathy and system awareness. The paper also tries to make sense of the experience one of the authors embarked upon in India, at the end of which she noticed significant changes in her understanding of and reactions to her professional and personal life. The methodology employed is of a qualitative type, being based on the narrative inquiry as the most appropriate to the sensitive issues discussed.

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Mind-Body Practice by Persons With Multiple Sclerosis

Mind-Body Practice by Persons With Multiple Sclerosis

Author(s): Marisanda Casar Rovazdi,Viktor Vidovic,Senka Rendulic Slivar / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: multiple sclerosis; complementary and alternative medicine; mind-body procedures;

The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of mind-body practice by persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and analyze the relationship of age, sex, clinical course of MS, level of incapacity, and time elapsed from MS diagnosis. The study included 120 patients with MS who underwent inpatient rehabilitation at the Lipik Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation in the period from May 1, 2015 to October 10, 2015. For the purposes of the study, a semi-structured questionnaire on the current usage of mind-body procedures was applied. Closed ended questions referred to the use of the following procedures: meditation, deep-breathing exercises, hypnotherapy, yoga, biofeedback, chiropractic, massage, reflexology, bioenergy, and magnetic therapy. The studied patients were divided into two groups according to whether they practiced or did not practice mind-body procedures. Comparison of the variables was performed using Student’s t-test and a Pearson correlation test. At the time of the study, 37 (30.8%) MS patients reported currently practicing one or more mind-body procedures. Respondents most commonly were practicing meditation (n=13; 10.8%), followed by massage (n=10; 8.3%), acupuncture (n=7; 5.8%), bioenergy healing (n=7; 5.8%), magnetic therapy (5; 4.2%), chiropractic (n=5; 4.2%), yoga (n=3; 2.5%), tai chi (n=2; 1.7%), and reflexology (n=1; 0.8%). There was no statistically significant difference according to age (p=0.520), sex (p=0.448), EDDS score (p=0.489), disease duration (p=0.963) and disease course (p=0.932) between the groups of respondents practicing and those not practicing mind-body procedures. Regarding the widespread use of various mind-body procedures, there is a need to actively monitor MS patients in order to provide them with guidance when using these procedures.

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The Relationship between the Environmental Awareness, Environmental Attitude, Curiosity and Exploration in Highly Gifted Students: Structural Equation Modelling

The Relationship between the Environmental Awareness, Environmental Attitude, Curiosity and Exploration in Highly Gifted Students: Structural Equation Modelling

Author(s): Hakan Saricam,Suleyman Hilmi Sahin / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2015

Keywords: curiosity and exploration; environmental awareness; environmental attitude

The basic purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between environmental awareness, environmental attitude, curiosity and exploration in highly gifted students with structural equation modelling. The secondary aim was to compare highly gifted and non-gifted students’ environmental awareness, environmental attitude, curiosity and exploration levels. Participants were 311 (154 highly gifted, 157 non-gifted) secondary school students in Turkey who volunteered to take part in this study. All of the participants were either 13 or 14 years old, with a mean age of 13.77 years. For gathering data, Environmental Awareness Scale, Environmental Attitude Scale, Curiosity and Exploration-II were used. While analyzing the data, Pearson correlation analysis, independent samples t test, and structural equation model were used. According to the findings, highly gifted students’ environmental awareness, environmental attitude, curiosity and exploration scores were higher than non-gifted students’. Indices of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) indicated that the increase in the curiosity and exploration scores of the highly gifted children increased the environmental awareness; in this case, the environmental attitudes were affected positively.

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PERSONAL AND SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CONTEMPORARY ROMANIA: IN SEARCH OF AMBIVALENCE

PERSONAL AND SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CONTEMPORARY ROMANIA: IN SEARCH OF AMBIVALENCE

Author(s): Anca Simionca / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: personal development; spiritual development; neoliberal subjectivity.

This paper is an inquiry into the blooming sector of personal and spiritual development in contemporary Romania. It is based on interviews with providers of such services, on content analysis of blogs and books dedicated to the topic, and on participation in several workshops. The critical literature linking the proliferation of the field of personal and spiritual development with the increasing pervasiveness of neoliberal logic has highlighted some of the features of the subjectivity invoked in these programmes: the sovereignty of the self in relation to its environment, the lack of importance of social ties and solidarity, and the lack of importance of the community. This analysis explores the empirical material in searching for the main points of ambivalence in relation to these desiderates, as well as the mutations that can be identified in the privileged sites of production of individuality that are personal and spiritual development workshops and trainings.

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PROMOTING RESILIENCE THROUGH POSITIVE LEADERSHIP DURING TURMOIL

PROMOTING RESILIENCE THROUGH POSITIVE LEADERSHIP DURING TURMOIL

Author(s): Elif Baykal / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

Keywords: Resilience; organizational resilience; positive leadership; authentic leadership;

Ability to stand up to adversities, having the flexibility to solve problems in most meaning fulways and coming to a better situation compared to the starting point is regarded as resilience by organization researchers. Conditions that shapes organizational capacities in a flexible, storable and convertible way give rise to resilience in organizations and make them powerful in coping with problems, turmoil and crises. Without doubt, resilient individuals effect overall resilience of groups, especially in group level a resilient leadership is a prerequisite of resilient organizations. By resilient organizations we mean flexible and adaptive organizations that can positively cope with the unexpected or unwanted. Therefore, in this study positive psychology and positive organizational behavior literature are regarded as good guides for presenting a suitable leadership style for adaptive and resilient organizations. In this study, specifically,authentic leadership style, most prominent leadership type was under spotlight as one of the main sources of organizational resilience.

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The Chinese-perspective of Intercultural Competence Models Revisited

The Chinese-perspective of Intercultural Competence Models Revisited

Author(s): Yoon Huat Chong,Halina Grzymała-Moszczyńska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: intercultural competence; intercultural competence model; Chinese; Chinese-perspective

Most intercultural competence models have been developed by Westernexperts based on Western theory and Western cultural values, and they are not culturally specific models. The lack of non-Chinese researchers to study and contribute to the construction of intercultural competence from a Chinese-perspective is a serious shortcoming, and most of the models developed by Chinese scholars are a replica of theWestern models. A Chinese-perspective of intercultural competence model is indeed needed to reinterpret concepts and theories that are coined in the West, which are thenwidely used and generalized without any concrete-solid bases of their universality. This paper deployed empirical study methods to analyze the content of the literature to understand the construct of Chinese-perspective intercultural competence models. Eight Chinese-perspectives of intercultural competence models formulated by Chinese scholars between 1998 and 2013 have been identified, two of them are researched inEnglish, while six others are in Chinese. As a result, there are no significant differencesin the components of those eight models, as most Chinese scholars agree that cognitiveability, emotional management and communication skills are three of the major components which constitute the Chinese version of intercultural competence models. This research is timely, and is worth conducting, due to increased Chinese investments throughout the world, and the power and influence of China as the world’s largest economy. The results could be used as a guiding operational scheme to prepare business partners from both sides for successful cooperation.However, one should recommend, in future research, that there be a comparison ofChinese-perspective models with Western-perspective models in order to delve deeper into the construct of the models to examine the degree to which the Chinese and Western-perspective of intercultural competence are complementary and compatible with each other.

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When “Okay, Google” Fails: How to Search for Counseling in the World of Humans and Technologies

Когда «О’кей, Гугл» не справляется: как найти психотерапевта в мире людей и технологий

Author(s): Liliia Zemnukhova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: Digital Technologies; Psychotherapy; Sensitive Experience; Autoethnography; Sociotechnical Process;

With the spread of information technology, more and more areas of everyday life are influenced by digitalization. However, not all problems can be addressed by technological solutions, especially not those associated with particular sensual or emotional experiences. This essay focuses on the search for psychotherapeutic assistance (or psychological counseling) as a case of sensitive experience. The data analyzed includes in-depth interviews with psychologists, psychotherapists, experienced and potential clients, as well as with those who are skeptical about the practice of counseling in general. While conceived as an autoethnography, the essay pays particular attention to interview materials and the summary of overall results of my part of the study. The discussion and conclusions present not so much a technological attempt to algorithmize searches, but rather an understanding of the search practice as a sociotechnical process, since its significant part is related to digital technologies and their communication capabilities. We will see that the search for psychological counseling is associated primarily with social connections, physical contacts, and trustworthy recommendations, which can be personal or technologically mediated, while the technologies themselves serve the purposes of information retrieval and communication. Technical services programmed to perform specific tasks related to psychological counseling do not replace the expertise of a person, but rather provide another opportunity to gain more in-depth knowledge of the practice.

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The Bells - from Liturgical Artefact to Sculptural Installation and Social Memorial. An Interdisciplinary Survey on the Evolution of a Traditional Artefact to the Status of Social Symbol and Cultural Icon

The Bells - from Liturgical Artefact to Sculptural Installation and Social Memorial. An Interdisciplinary Survey on the Evolution of a Traditional Artefact to the Status of Social Symbol and Cultural Icon

Author(s): Mihai Ionut Rusen,Pompiliu Alexandru / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: bells; liturgical artefact; sculptural installation; social memorial; campanology;

Visual Arts, architecture, and especially contemporary sculpture exhibit the bells in the most visible manner, together with their supporting structures, whether functional or not, useful or just display artefacts. The belfries of modern churches become aesthetically and visually autonomous and are visual and sound landscape generators, as created by architects like Mario Botta and Le Corbusier. In contemporary sculpture, the bells become readymade sculptural objects fully integrated into sculptural installation, as artists like Jannis Kounellis, Claudio Parmiggiani, Barry Flanagan does, or even manifest memorial and social attitude, like Zaphos Xagoraris and Marcus Vergette. The phenomenon of bells as Social Memorial has emerged from the need for social attitude and involvement in the post-war era, also on the background of an evolutionary process of symbolic values secularization of this typology of traditional liturgical artefacts. The Social Memorial identified today by the artefacts of bells covers from remembrance, heroism, the signalling of a memory archive symbolic or not, to attitude, motivation and social commentary, passing through artistic involvement in contemporary crises - war, suffering and human loss, drama in any situation. It always marks ideas or memory through the sound landscape and the visual structure that inevitably accesses a liturgical reflex of bells, a community memory. The bell and its adjacent structures, all elements of the art and science of campanology, triggers an anthropological vector and evolving cultural icon, due to already occurred essential mutation through the secularization of the original liturgical artefact into a sculptural object and installation, now a militant Social Memorial or archive of memory.

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THERAPISTS’ PERCEPTIONS: ADDED VALUES OF DMT AND CBT FOR CHILDREN WITH ADs’

THERAPISTS’ PERCEPTIONS: ADDED VALUES OF DMT AND CBT FOR CHILDREN WITH ADs’

Author(s): Naomi Weitz,Nicolae Adrian Opre / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: DMT; CBT; anxiety disorders; children; therapist’s perceptions;

Anxiety disorders (ADs) are common among children. Many types of psychological treatments exist, including: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), psychodynamic treatments, Play therapy and expressive arts therapies such as Dance Movement Therapy (DMT). DMT and CBT are based on distinct theoretical assumptions and therefore are inherently different. Nonetheless, in the last decade, these approaches are becoming closer. The aim of the present study was to examine therapists’ perceptions of the added value of each therapy approach (DMT/CBT) to the other, when treating children with ADs. The study utilized a quantitative design. The sample included 99 therapists in three groups: DMT-only (n = 35), CBT-only (n = 42), and combined DMT+CBT (n = 22). As hypothesized, the findings indicated that DMT+CBT therapists and therapists who use only one type of the treatment (DMT-only/CBT-only) perceive a higher added value of their treatment’s principles compared to therapists who use only the other type of treatment. All therapists perceive a high added value of CBT to DMT, whereas the added value of DMT to CBT is perceived significantly higher by DMT+CBT therapists and DMT-only therapists in comparison to CBT-only therapists. The novelty lies in the therapists’ perceiving the combination of both treatments as possible in treating children with ADs. The combination of both therapies implies that they have connections and common principles. Concurrently, the differences between them create a combined treatment in which each approach complements the other and therefore provides and facilitates a broader response for children with ADs.

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Corporate Culture as Factor for Organization’s Resilience

Corporate Culture as Factor for Organization’s Resilience

Author(s): Anna Valkanova / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2019

Keywords: JEL: L2; M140; M2

The feeling of an increased, intrinsic uncertainty, due to the rapidly changing situation in the financial sector, consumer attitude changes, growing employees’ expectations and the significant political uncertainty in a digitally transformed world, forces organizations to invest in developing new coping strategies. Thus, in this changing environment, along with the issue of efficiency, the need for the organizations to protect themselves from and pass through a variety of potential shocks and crises becomes of a primary importance.The article outlines the thesis of the organization’s resilience as a competence to overcome the shocks and to retain organization’s main purpose by creating an adequate corporate culture that encourages the continuous exchange of information, the empowerment of every employee to react independently and in a timely manner, and the employees’ dedication for work. An essential part of this type of corporate culture is also the acceptance of the idea that disruptions represent a part of the functioning of each organization and therefore a special attention has to be paid to conditioning for such extreme situations.

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Montessori’s concept of education for independence – contemporary interpretation

Montessoriańska koncepcja wychowania do niezależności – próba współczesnej interpretacji

Author(s): Dorota Zdybel / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2015

Keywords: Montessori; education for independence; autonomy; self-regulation; selfdiscipline

Article presents a theoretical analysis of Montessori’s concept of education for cognitive and socio-emotional autonomy. The main aim is prove a unique contemporary validity of theoretical and methodological aspects of this educational philosophy. First, the cycle of self-discipline development, as observed by Maria Montessori, has been described with reference to different forms of pedagogical actions, helping children to transform from perceiving classroom rules of behavior as external to self-direction, deeply grounded in internal needs for autonomy and selfrealization. Then, deep analogies between Montessori pedagogy and contemporary theories of self-regulation by B. Zimmerman has been shown. As a summary, “Decalogue of Montessori Teacher” has been reminded, as a set of rules for everyday educational work based on the principle of “desired non-interference”.

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The mediation role of work-life balance stress and chronic fatigue in the relationship between workaholism and depression among Chinese male workers in Hong Kong

The mediation role of work-life balance stress and chronic fatigue in the relationship between workaholism and depression among Chinese male workers in Hong Kong

Author(s): Xue Yang,Dan Qiu,Mason C. M. Lau,Joseph T.F. Lau / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: work addiction; work-life balance stress; fatigue; depression; male workers

Few studies have tested the underlying mechanisms in the association between workaholism and depression. This study aims to investigate the potential mediation effects of work-life balance stress and chronic fatigue and depression among Chinese male workers in Hong Kong. Methods. A population-based study among male workers in Hong Kong (n =  1,352) was conducted. The self-reported scales of assessing workaholism, work-life balance stress, chronic fatigue and depressive symptoms were included in the questionnaire. Path analysis was conducted to test the proposed mediation model. Results. Workaholism was directly and indirectly associated with depression through work-life balance stress and chronic fatigue, respectively. The association between work-life balance stress and chronic fatigue was statistically significant in the correlation analysis but not in the path analysis. As high as 30.5% of the participants were classified as having probable chronic fatigue, while 8.4% of the participants were classified as having probable depression. Discussion. Workaholism is a stressor that may induce negative consequences on well-being and health among male workers in Hong Kong. Interventions to help workers with time and stress management and fatigue reduction may be beneficial for their mental health. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND THE WORK SATISFACTION OF EDUCATIONAL EMPLOYEES

RELAȚIA DINTRE CLIMATUL ORGANIZAȚIONAL ȘI SATISFACȚIA PENTRU MUNCĂ A ANGAJAȚILOR DIN MEDIUL EDUCAȚIONAL

Author(s): Angela Groza,Nicoleta Luchian-Ursachi / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: Organizational climate; job satisfaction; teachers;

The research aimed to study the correlation between the organizational climate and the job satisfaction of teachers. The link between climate and satisfaction is vital for success in teaching. The organizational climate is considered to be a relatively persistent set of perceptions of an organization's members about its internal environment and that influence their behavior. Job satisfaction is a positive emotional state that results from the employee's personal opinion of his work or work climate, a state of balance that the individual reaches when he responds to conscious or unconscious expectations and certain needs. The research results showed that teachers in the group of teachers-educators show high scores in terms of organizational climate in general and performance in particular. Teachers-educators are more performance-oriented, evaluated according to the achievement of objectives, cost reduction compared to other teachers. Psycho-pedagogical teachers are more satisfied with the quality of relations between employees, with reference to professional communication and collaboration, remuneration and promotion and have a higher degree of overall satisfaction. The organizational climate correlates with job satisfaction, so that the more favorable the organizational climate in the educational environment, the more satisfied the teachers will be.

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The Moderating Effect of Organizational Changes on the Influence of Ethical Decision Making on Public Sector Internal Auditor Performance

The Moderating Effect of Organizational Changes on the Influence of Ethical Decision Making on Public Sector Internal Auditor Performance

Author(s): Indrawati Yuhertiana,Corry Natasha Patrioty,Nafsiah Mohamed / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: Organizational changes; ethical decision making; internal auditor performance; public sector;

This study investigates the role of organizational change in moderating the effect of ethical decision making on internal auditor performance. The study population comprises internal auditors who work in the public sector (a government-owned company in Indonesia). Smart Partial Least Square statistic software is used to test the hypotheses. This study has led to three findings. First, this study finds that ethical decision making provides support for auditor performance. Second, this study finds that organizational change does not provide support for auditor performance. Third, the analysis shows that the role of organizational change does not succeed in helping to strengthen or weaken ethical decision making in auditor performance.

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The Effect of Mindset on Tourist Behaviour and Mindful Consumption in a Community Enterprise in Krabi, Thailand

The Effect of Mindset on Tourist Behaviour and Mindful Consumption in a Community Enterprise in Krabi, Thailand

Author(s): Sudjai Jirojkul,Siwarit Pongsakornrungsilp,Nontipak Pianroj,Prachyakorn Chaiyakot,Mia Shahin,Tawakul Masst,Kua-anan Techato / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: Mindful consumption; Mindful mindset; Mindful behaviour; Intangible value; and Social initiative

The research examined the mindful consumption theory, focusing on the importance of sustainable consumption in the tourism sector in the future. An exploratory factor analysis of survey responses from 400 tourists who travelled to a community in Krabi, Thailand, revealed that the mindful mindset consists of four factors and mindful behaviour consists of six factors. A confirmatory factor analysis found that the adapted model corresponded to the empirical data and confirmed that the factors identified in the exploratory analysis were accurate.

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The Use of Mathematical Statistics Methods in Modelling the Psychophysiological «Value» of Cognitive Activity of Students with Different Levels of Academic Success

The Use of Mathematical Statistics Methods in Modelling the Psychophysiological «Value» of Cognitive Activity of Students with Different Levels of Academic Success

Author(s): Iryna Kalynychenko,Hanna Zaikina,Hanna Latina,Olha Skyba,Dmytro Kalynychenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: mathematical model; regression equation;cognitive status; heart rate variability, functional state;neuroticism; visual-motor reactions

Mathematical interpretation of the psychophysiological «value» of modern schoolchildren’ cognitive activity will allow to identify risk groups, especially among students with high and average academic achievement. The results allowed to establish dependence of the type of functions and properties, at the expense of which the «value» of the students’ activity was manifested, from the way of organizing the educational process. The article argues that regression models of psychophysiological «value» have different filling of variables depending on gender, intensity of information and physical loads. The variables that are most often included in psychophysiological «value» regression models, i.e., are the most important markers of change in the «price» of activity of students with high academic achievement, include thinking flexibility level, extraversion, anxiety level, speed of complex visualmotor reaction, as well as average length of cardiocycles during mental activity.

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The whole of education on the web

Cała edukacja w sieci

Author(s): Krzysztof Gurba / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: online education; individual learning pathways; human factor in education; online education;

The article analyzes the potential of modern online learning and the expandingpossibilities of using Internet resources for independent or community online learning. Theperiod of intensive use of distance learning during the Covid -19 pandemic changed attitudestowards online learning, and revealed its advantages and disadvantages. However, developmentof online education is universal, not just occasional. It requires high-quality educationalcontent, quality control systems, and flexibility in the selection of individual learning pathways.Individualization of online learning process is now the major concern of content providers. Ourresearch confirms that when technological and organizational obstacles of delivering educationvia the Internet were removed, the human factor became a key component of the effectiveimplementation of online education. Nevertheless, the article draws attention to the existinglimitations of online education and the fact that traditional learning is irreplaceable

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