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Mindfulness – a Neuro-Psycho-biological Way forward for Defining Spirituality

Uważność jako neuro-psycho-biologiczna próba zdefiniowania fenomenu duchowości

Author(s): Stanisław Radoń / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2013

Keywords: mindfulness; meditation; spirituality

The aim of this article is to present the literature with the purpose of exploring the spiritual elements of mindfulness as they may be integrated into practice. Mindfulness meditation can foster an increased sense of spirituality by disengaging from a narrow self-focus, and engaging a much broader view of interconnectedness in which oneself is not seen as separate from other people and the world. Integrative theoretical framework of self-awareness, -regulation, and -transcendence (S-ART) explains the mechanisms of mindfulness. The proposed framework informs research in the contemplative sciences about definition, typology, structure, function, correlates and dynamics of spirituality, meditation, contemplation and mystical experiences

Mindfulness Meditation

Éberségmeditáció

Author(s): Christophe André / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 08/2011

Keywords: mindfulness meditation; Mindful Based Cognitive Therapy; Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction; Dialectical Behaviour Therapy; Vittoz Method; Open Focus Therapy

The aim of this article is to argue for the advantages of mindfulness meditation in the psychological praxis. As the first example of word therapy, the mindfulness meditation has his origins in Buddhist philosophy, it designs in this primal context the attitude of openness to the world and the simple observation of the processes around us (in contrast to the concept of meditation in occidental philosophies mostly based on reflexive thinking). The author analyses a few cases in which the method of the Mindfulness Meditation can be successfully applied, dissolves some stereotypes about meditation, traces the history of mindfulness meditation, explains its neurobiological basis and presents the main types of scholarly approved mindfulness meditation therapies.

Body Awareness, Mindfulness and Affect

Body Awareness, Mindfulness and Affect

Author(s): Benedek T. Tihanyi,Andrea Sági,Barbara Csala,Nóra Tolnai,Ferenc Köteles / Language(s): English / Issue: 01-02/2016

Keywords: aerobic;body awareness;kung fu;mindfulness;physical activity;positive affect;somatosensory amplification;tingling;well-being;yoga

The aim of this cross-sectional study is to explore expected differences in the connection between particular physical activities and positive and negative affect, body awareness or mindfulness. Additionally, we describe the so-called tingling phenomenon (i.e. skin-related sensations evoked by focusing on a body part) in terms of prevalence, gender differences and psychological concomitants. A total of 1,057 individuals (331 male; mean age: 30.6 ± 10.17 years) practicing yoga, Pilates training, kung fu, aerobic, or ballroom dance completed our questionnaire. Analysing data of all sports together, weekly frequency of practice, as opposed to time elapsed since starting practice, was connected to lower levels of negative affect and somatosensory amplification, and to higher levels of positive affect. Advanced yoga and Pilates participants showed higher body awareness; advanced kung fu participants amplified bodily signals the least, and aerobic was related to the highest positive affect. Among beginners, there were no practically relevant differences in the assessed constructs. These results might help to clarify the common and different psychological properties that are needed for and/or can be developed by different sports.

MINDFULNESS AS A FACTOR OF RESISTANCE TO PRESUPPOSITIONS INCLUDED IN QUESTIONS

Refleksyjność jako czynnik odporności na zawarte w pytaniu presupozycje

Author(s): Józef Maciuszek,Joanna Garlicka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 40/2017

Keywords: mindfulness; mindlessness; compliance; presupposition

Ellen Langer has shown that it is possible to induce a mindless state in a recipient, and that this results in their greater submissiveness to social influences. In our experiments, we attempted to verify that a state of mindfulness or mindlessness would differentiate the reactions of participants to presuppositions. We asked participants to perform a series of tasks intended to induce a state of mindfulness or mindlessness, and they were then presented with a key message containing either a request or a false assumption. Results of the experiments indicate that mindfulness significantly increases participants’ resistance to suggestions included in presuppositions, while mindlessness results in greater compliance to such influence. Submissiveness to presuppositions is explained by premature cognitive commitment.

“The Conspiracy of Silence”: Teaching Mindfulness in Poland

“The Conspiracy of Silence”: Teaching Mindfulness in Poland

Author(s): Alp Arat,Marta Kołodziejska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: Meditation; Mindfulness; Spirituality; Mindfulness teacher; Catholic;

Meditation, one of the most ancient forms of religious practice, appears to be undergoing a late modern revival. One of the key expressions of this contemplative turn has emerged in the current popularity of mindfulness - a form of meditation originally derived from the Buddhist Theravada tradition. Following the groundwork laid by the global expansion of yoga, meditation is thus widely considered to represent the latest ripple in the easternisation of the West. This article seeks to offer a renewed examination of this subject by presenting the first qualitative study of mindfulness in Poland. Drawing on interviews with leading practitioners in the Polish public landscape, we present evidence showing that mindfulness denotes a much more spiritual form of practice than typically assumed. These findings call us to offer a fresh look into the increasingly complex ways in which our existing categories of religion, spirituality, and now the secular are currently being played out in relatively overlooked parts of the European continent.

Cancer and Mindfulness Based Intervention Programs: Systematic Review

Kanser ve Farkındalık Temelli Müdahale Programları: Sistematik Derleme

Author(s): Cennet Yastıbaş,Gülya Dirik / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 3/2018

Keywords: mindfulness; mindfulness based theories; cancer;

Recently, the effects of the mindfulness-based interventions on psychological health and quality of life have been studied with the patients having psychological disorders as well as the patients with physical illnesses, especially patients with cancer. The current systematic literature review aims to investigate the randomized controlled trials made to find out the effects of the mindfulness-based interventions (mindfulness-based stress reduction program, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based art therapy) on cancer patients. Mindfulness-based therapies were found to be superior to control groups in all of the studies. Mindfulness-based therapies reduced psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, anger, and stress, leads post-traumatic growth and improved life quality as well as had positive effects on pain, fatigue, sleep and somatic symptoms in cancer patients.

W stronę mindfulness

W stronę mindfulness

Author(s): Danuta Słaba / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 22/2016

MINDFULNESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

MINDFULNESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Author(s): Daniela Popa / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

Keywords: academic performance; mindfulness; self-esteem;

The mindfulness practices have conquered the Western world since 1980, but in Romania they are still in their infancy. This study investigates the relationships between mindfulness, self-esteem and academic achievements. Research assumptions were: (1) we assume that the higher the level of mindfulness, the higher the level of self-esteem is. (2) we assume that there is a significant positive correlation between the level of mindfulness and the level of academic performance. The main method used in this research was the questionnaires survey. The research instruments were a demographic data questionnaire and reporting relevant grades: average study years, the mean of the final exams, Rosenberg (1965) Self-Esteem Scale and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. The obtained results show that there are moderate correlations between the studied variables. Cultivating mindfulness within the curriculum at the academic level and not only, can bring substantial benefits to educational agents: teachers, students, pupils.

Turkish adaptation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - Short Form (FFMQ-S)

Beş Faktörlü Bilgece Farkındalık Ölçeği-Kısa Formu’nun (BFBFÖ-K) Türkçe Uyarlaması

Author(s): Handan Deniz Ayalp,Nesrin Hisli Şahin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 3/2018

Keywords: mindfulness; mindfulness scale; Turkish adaptation;

In recent years, mindfulness has been acknowledged as an important factor for physical and psychological well-being. At the same time, it is conceptualized as a personality characteristic aswell as an intervention technique. Several assessment instruments were developed to measure mindfulness. Among these, Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS), Mindful Attention AwarenessScale (MAAS) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) were adapted to Turkish language and culture. In the meantime, a short form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire(FFMQ) was developed. The aim of the current study is to conduct a Turkish adaptation study forthis short form. The other scales used in the study included Demographic Information and Personal Evaluation Questionnaire, Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The study sample consisted of268 participants (165 women and 99 men), with an age range of 18-75 (M = 25.59, SD = 9.99).The analyses revealed that the five-factor structure of the original form was preserved and other psychometric properties such as validity and reliability were found to be appropriate in the Turkish adaptation of the short form of the scale. In the light of the findings obtained, it is proposed that the Short Form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ - Short Form) can be used with confidence in mindfulness-related research in Turkey.

Mindfulness in family counseling and therapy experiences

Praktyka uważności w pracy z rodziną. Z doświadczeń poradnictwa rodzinnego i terapii

Author(s): Andrzej Ładyżyński / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: mindfulness; family counseling; therapy

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the practice of mindfulness in the family counseling. Family counseling as well as therapy offers a lot of possibilities. There are at least a couple of schools of therapeutic work with the family. Every school has its own theories as well as effective and validated techniques. In such practice, virtues of the counselor and the quality of his therapeutic alliance between him and the family are especially important. Both features are connected with the issue of special gravity, namely with therapist’s mindfulness, which includes elementary and spontaneous openness to experience. It can be as well understood as a virtue, characteristic feature, remarkable ability to continuous improvement. The author referring to the source literature and his own experiences with working with families reflects upon the mindfulness of the therapist as a practice of upholding the non-judgemental attention, which fosters the process of accompanying the family, building the relationship with them, helping them and achieving the desired changes. The results demonstrate significance of the therapist’s mindfulness as an instrument facilitating better understanding of the family. The attitude of nurturing the attention, the art of insight and sympathy shaped by him supports the family in managing to get to a subtance of the problem. Mindfullness in work with the whole family (or its part) is a special challenge for a therapist. Hetries to share his attention with every member of the family system. His mindfulness stimulates the family to practice resignation from inattention. Thus, it constitues a way to a mutual understanding as a consequence.

Perceived Stress and University Adaptation Process: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness

Algılanan Stres ve Üniversiteye Uyum Süreci: Bilgece Farkındalığın Aracı Rolü

Author(s): Gözde SAYIN-KARAKAŞ,Ece SAĞEL-ÇETİNER,Mehmet ŞAKİROĞLU,Ozan Can SELÇUK / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 13/2018

Keywords: mindfulness; university adaptation; perceived stress;

The intense stress that first year student experienced and university adjustment problems are hot topics in literature. Another concept that is related to stress is mindfulness. The studies investigating the association between stress and mindfulness reveals that these two concepts are negatively associated. Based on this, the aim of this study is examining the relationship between university adaptation, perceived stress and mindfulness. The sample of the study consisted of 240 first year students aged between 17- 29. Demographics questionnaire, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and University Life Scale (ULS) were conducted to the participants. The results indicated that there was a significant negative association between perceived stress and university adaptation variables (emotional adaptation, university environment adaptation, personal adaptation, adaptation with the opposite sex, academic adaptation and social adaptation). There was a significant negative association between students’ mindfulness and perceived stress levels and there was a positive association between university adaptation variables (except from personal adaptation) and mindfulness.

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MINDFULNESS AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE LEVELS IN THE ROMANIAN YOUNG POPULATION

STUDIU ASUPRA RELAŢIEI DINTRE NIVELUL STĂRII DE CONŞTIENTIZARE (MINDFULNESS) ŞI CEL AL ECHILIBRULUI MUNCĂ-VIAŢĂ PERSONALĂ, LA NIVELUL POPULAŢIEI TINERE DIN ROMÂNIA

Author(s): Ion-Ovidiu Panisoara,Georgeta Pânişoară,Cristina Sandu,Ruxandra Chirca / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: mindfulness; satisfaction; well-being; work-life balance;

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the levels of mindfulness and work-life balance at the Romanian young population. In the process of enhancing our levels of work-life balance, satisfaction or well being, mindfulness plays an essential role, proved by its practice and its applications. The quality of our professional life is a significant contributor to our quality of life as a whole. When society provides a qualitative professional life to its citizens, it also proves itself worthy of attracting and retaining employees. Mindfulness is not an independent concept, but one which positively influences multiple areas or dimensions of an individual’s life. These dimensions include: perspective, connection, choice, and self-knowledge. The subjects of this study were 60 young people, aged between 20-35. All of them were either students or graduates of higher education institutions. The methods used for this study were two questionnaires: the first one was a questionnaire for identifying the level of mindfulness, based on four dimensions – observe, describe, act with awareness and accept without judgement – and the second one – a scale for measuring the level of work-life balance. The results were processed in SPSS Statistics using the T-test for independent samples and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results showed a strong relationship between the levels of mindfulness and work-life balance of the Romanian young population.

Mindfulness in non-mindfulness-based programs: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Všímavost v programech nezaměřených na její rozvíjení: metaanalýza znáhodněných kontrolovaných studií

Author(s): Jan Benda / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: mindfulness; common factor; psychotherapeutic change; meta-analysis; Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire;

Objectives: The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate if mindfulness is developed in some therapy or intervention programs, that are not explicitly focused on its development. Method: Randomized controlled trials were searched from Scopus database that investigated the effect of non-mindfulness-based therapy or intervention programs on the levels of mindfulness. The search was limited to studies which have used the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire for measuring mindfulness. Results: A total of 24 trials met inclusion criteria. Among the assessed programs, two had large effects for change in mindfulness (0,8 ˂ d), seven had medium effects (0,5 ˂ d ˂ 0,8), ten had small effects (0,2 ˂ d ˂ 0,5) and five had either no effect or negative effect (d ˂ 0,2). The weighted mean of effect sizes of all 24 programs on mindfulness development was d = 0,41. Conclusion: Many non-mindfulness-based therapy or intervention programs do have an effect on the increase of mindfulness.

MINDFULNESS AND MENTAL HEALTH: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF COGNITIVE EMOTION REGULATION

USREDOTOČENA SVJESNOST I MENTALNO ZDRAVLJE: POSREDUJUĆA ULOGA KOGNITIVNE EMOCIONALNE REGULACIJE

Author(s): Lucija Lordanić,Ivana Tucak Junaković / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: mindfulness; cognitive emotion regulation; depression; anxiety; stress;

The beneficial effect of mindfulness (M) or non-judgemental awareness and the acceptance of present-moment experience on mental health and well-being has been well confirmed by previous research. However, the mechanisms by which M exerts this beneficial influence have not been sufficiently explored. The aim of the present study was to examine the interrelationships between M, cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies and negative affective states (depression, anxiety, and stress). In addition, we examined the potential mediating role of CER strategies in the relationship between M and negative affective states. The study, which was conducted online, included 365 subjects of a wider age range (between 19 and 68 years). The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale were applied. The results mainly support the partial mediation model, according to which higher levels of M, in addition to directly reducing depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, also indirectly decrease the symptoms of these negative affective states, through usage of CER strategies. The results of the study indicate the possible important role of interventions focused on developing US and adaptive strategies of emotion regulation with the aim of improving mental health.

Mindfulness Training in Early Childhood Education

Mindfulness Training in Early Childhood Education

Author(s): Nicoletta Rosati / Language(s): English / Issue: 2 (69)/2023

Keywords: mindfulness; early childhood; concentration; didactic methods; practice;

This text presents the main characteristics of mindfulness practice and seeks to draw a parallel among some aspects of didactics for early childhood education. Research suggests that mindfulness practice has had a positive impact on the adult population. While surveys on the use of mindfulness with children are scarce at present, this type of research is increasing among educators and psychologists target- ing primary school level and beyond. In this article, we present the methods by which mindfulness practice can be applied in the teach- ing of nursery and pre-primary school children. In some instances, there is evidence that activities present in the Montessori Method can be borrowed and developed in accordance with the principles of the Mindfulness training. This article outlines how typical activities, such as sensory-motor practice, selective attention exercises and the exercises of practical life can be applied in the mindfulness training. Teacher training is another aspect to consider when applying mind- fulness practice in the nursery school classroom.

Mindfulness: The Use of Mindfulness Practice in the Therapy of Adults with Cluttering and Stuttering

Mindfulness – wykorzystanie praktyki uważności w terapii dorosłych osób z giełkotem i jąkaniem

Author(s): Maria Faściszewska,Anna Szerszeńska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 9/2024

Keywords: mindfulness; cluttering; stuttering; therapy

In recent years, the growing interest in mindfulness has extended beyond the social sciences to include speech therapy. Research indicates that regular application of Mindfulness‑Based Interventions (MBI) offers significant benefits to individuals suffering from depression, cancer, chronic pain, and generalized anxiety disorders. There is also an increased interest in incorporating mindfulness training into the therapeutic practice for adults with stuttering and cluttering. For professionals, it is essential not only to understand the concept of mindfulness but also to engage in regular mindfulness practice. The article is divided into three parts. The first one introduces the theoretical foundations of mindfulness. The second part reviews scientific studies that demonstrate how mindfulness practice in stuttering therapy can reduce avoidance behaviors, improve emotional regulation, and enhance acceptance. The final section provides practical mindfulness exercises and outlines how they can be incorporated into the therapy for individuals with stuttering and cluttering.It is extremely important to conduct further research on the integration of mindfulness into therapeutic interventions, particularly for adults with speech disorders, such as stuttering and cluttering.

EARLY CHILDHOOD LEARNING THROUGH OUTDOOR EDUCATION AND MINDFULNESS

EARLY CHILDHOOD LEARNING THROUGH OUTDOOR EDUCATION AND MINDFULNESS

Author(s): Nicoletta Rosati / Language(s): English / Issue: 14/2024

Keywords: mindfulness; outdoor education; pro-social behavior;

Objectives. Research suggests that mindfulness practice has had a positive impact on the development of personality. Outdoor education is also considered an important aspect of early childhood education. Research on the use of mindfulness with children is scarce at present, and it focuses entirely on the primary school level and beyond. This informal survey aims to illustrate how mindfulness practice and outdoor education can be combined in activities for nursery school children. Material and Method. Forty children from two to three years of age participated in the survey. They were divided into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. They both practiced mindfulness exercises to develop concentration and selective attention, together with sensory-motor activities. Children in the intervention group could practice mindfulness in outdoor activities, whereas children in the intervention group practiced the same activities in the classroom. Grids and a logbook for each child were used to record observation data. In addition, the Social Behavior Scale and the GMT-ER test were used for the assessment of children’s social-emotional and motor-cognitive skills before and after mindfulness practice combined with or without outdoor activities. Results. The qualitative analysis of the results indicates that the teaching of mindfulness practice, together with outdoor activities, encourages children to reflect on themselves, to maintain concentration on activities for a longer period of time, to have pro-social behaviors, and to become aware of the environment. Conclusion. Nursery school activities should always involve body, mind, and emotions, together with mindfulness practice. When a child can experience this connection within a natural environment in the context of play, this has a significant impact on their psychological wellbeing.

Mindfulness Based Emotional Intelligence Training to Reduce Emotional Vulnerability for Medical Students

Mindfulness Based Emotional Intelligence Training to Reduce Emotional Vulnerability for Medical Students

Author(s): Mirela Simona Călinici,Tudor Călinici,Horaţiu Traian CRIŞAN / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2024

Keywords: mindfulness; psychological flexibility; emotional intelligence; distress;

Healthcare professional and students are one of the professional categories vulnerable to stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout, and mindfulness-based interventions are used to reduce distress and vulnerability (Lomas et al., 2018; Parcover et al., 2018). A psychological construct also relevant for the well-being is emotional intelligence (Uchino et al., 2015). This article presents the results of an existing intervention, combining mindfulness techniques and emotional intelligence exercises (Mindfulness based emotional intelligence intervention - MBEIT, Ciarrochi & Godsell, 2006), used in small medical student’s sample, in order to advocate the use of this brief intervention for medical students in educational settings. The structure of the intervention follows the dimensions of psychological flexibility construct, with a time frame of two hours for each dimension: ‘Effective emotional orientation’, ’Mindfulness and Emotional Awareness’, ‘Defusing from unhelpful rules or evaluations‘, ‘Effective values orientation’ . The results of intervention show moderate effect size for the increase of emotional intelligence and of the psychological flexibility (emotional awareness, mindfulness, and committed action).

Mindfulness Training as a Secular Form of Spirituality

Mindfulness Training as a Secular Form of Spirituality

Author(s): Piotr Goniszewski / Language(s): English / Issue: 40/2024

Keywords: mindfulness; secular spirituality; meditation; Buddhism

The purpose of this article is to present mindfulness training as a secular form of spirituality. In the first part of the text, we show the Buddhist sources of mindfulness training. The author of the secular conceptualisation of mindfulness is the American physician Jon Kabat-Zinn (born 1944), who in 1979 opened the Stress Reduction Clinic at the University of Massachusetts Medical School and developed the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. Kabat-Zinn has practised Buddhist meditation techniques with teachers such as Philip Kapleau, Seung Sahn, Joseph Goldstein, and Jack Kornfield. An example of a secular conceptualisation of Buddhist meditation practice is mindfulness of breathing. In the Buddhist context, the practice of mindfulness of breathing is aimed at freeing oneself from attachments and leading to the experience of insight/awakening. From the perspective of mindfulness training, this meditation has only secular dimensions, related to psychological and existential well-being. In the second part of the article, we show current problems with the secular conceptualisation of mindfulness. The most serious criticism concerns the lack of explicit consideration of an ethical code. A reasonable move may be to adopt the five Buddhist precepts as a basic ethical codex, interpreted, however, in a secular, non-religious way, without any deeper involvement in the Buddhist worldview. The five Buddhist precepts are so universal that they can be adopted in a secular form by both non-religious people and religious people, e.g., Christians.

Using mindfulness for the treatment of chronic pain

Primjena svjesne usredotočenosti (mindfulness) u tretmanu hronične boli

Author(s): Sabina Alispahić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 4/2017

Keywords: mindfulness; chronic pain; treatment of pain;

Mindfulness refers to deliberately focusing on the current moment, without judgment and reaction. Historically, the concept of mindfulness has existed for 2,500 years. As a key aspect of the Buddhist understanding of mind, it is described in detail in the classical Buddhist texts. The contemporary interpretation of mindfulness appeared 30 years ago, thanks to the pioneering work of Jon Kabat-Zinn who developed a stress reduction program based on mindfulness (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program, MBSR). The program refers to a group of very promising interventions for the treatment of chronic pain, improvement of physical functioning and psychological well-being. Originally applied to patients suffering from chronic pain, the program soon began to apply in many other areas of psychology and medicine. Many studies have shown positive effects of mindfulness on life satisfaction, vitality, self-esteem, empathy, optimism, integrity and convenience. Research has also confirmed the positive contribution of mindfulness in reducing difficulties in emotional regulation, neuroticism, rumination, and social anxiety. The aim of this paper is to present the basic mechanisms of mindfulness for the treatment of chronic pain so it can be applied more often in our region.