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Kavolis Civilization Theory And Foucault Discourse Analysis

Kavolio civilizacijų teorija ir foucault diskurso analizė: ar įma noma bendra dar biauti?

Author(s): Alvydas Noreika / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 16/2008

Keywords: civilization; discourse; symbolic design; statement; civilization analysis, discourse analysis; history of consciousness.

The article deals with the relationship of Kavolis civilization analysis to Foucault discourse analysis. It is argued that there are large methodological differences between these two types of analysis. First of all, they are intended to inquiry into different levels of symbolic structures. Kavolis civilization analysis describes semantic units (symbolic designs and their configurations), and Foucault discourse analysis questions conditions of possibility of semantic units (discourses). Both authors hold different views on method and selection of sources as well. It is stated that Kavolis civilization analysis and Foucault discourse analysis aren’t incompatible in principle. After correction of some its principles the discourse analysis can be used as means of research of the depth level of civilizational structures of consciousness, i. e. of codes of particular areas of civilization.

Pavel Barša, Josef Fulka: Michel Foucault. Politika a estetika

Pavel Barša, Josef Fulka: Michel Foucault. Politika a estetika

Author(s): Marta Svobodová / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 04/2008

ANALYSIS OF THE SLOVAK DISCOURSES OF SEX EDUCATION INSPIRED BY MICHEL FOUCAULT

ANALYSIS OF THE SLOVAK DISCOURSES OF SEX EDUCATION INSPIRED BY MICHEL FOUCAULT

Author(s): Ivan Lukšík,Dagmar Marková / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2010

Keywords: sexual education; sexuality; confessions; power; discourses on sexuality

The aims, rules and topics of sex education exist on paper, but have yet to be implemented in Slovakia. Although the curriculum creates the illusion of openness in this field, the silence on sex education in schools provides space for the alternative, “more valuable” quiet discourses of religious education. Under these conditions, it is silence that is proving to be an advantageous strategy for the majority of those who should be voicing their opinions. Instead, they listen and control. By contrast, those who do speak out, children and young people, do not in fact, speak to them, but mainly among themselves. Those who are silent and listen are not prepared for the younger generations confessions on sexuality, which are mostly taken from the liberal area of media, especially the internet. The silent frequently lack, at the very least, the basic ability to react and debate in this changed situation. Those who are involved in the discussion on sexuality in Slovakia are those who should listen and supervise.

KNOWLEDGE, POWER, THINKING. MICHEL FOUCAULT’S EPISTEMOLOGICAL ITINERARY

SAVOIR, POUVOIR, PENSER L’ITINÉRAIRE ÉPISTÉMOLOGIQUE DE MICHEL FOUCAULT

Author(s): Horia Lazăr / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2012

Keywords: author; work; thinking; history; sexuality; confession; lust; desire; subjectiveness.

Knowledge, Power, Thinking. Michel Foucault’s epistemological itinerary. The paper shows the interdependence between the notions of knowledge and power in Michel Foucault’s outlook on speech, history and the strategies of power carried over by confession. The paper focuses on the History of sexuality, highlighting its means of expression, and the ways in which the Greek doctrine of lust and the Christian doctrine of fidelity define different models of subjectiveness.

In Defence of the Political. The Crisis of Democracy and the Return of the People from the Perspective of Foucault and Ranciere

In Defence of the Political. The Crisis of Democracy and the Return of the People from the Perspective of Foucault and Ranciere

Author(s): Bartłomiej Błesznowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2012

Keywords: Democracy; Foucault; people; the political; Ranciere

Taking as his point of departure the London Tottenham riots, a product of a mob lacking political consciousness and postulates, the author strives to identify the fundamental deadlock (aporia) confronting western parliamentary democracy.Nowadays, collective phenomena are analyzed within a moral-economic frameworkwhich reduces the perspective on society to a sumof individuals. This contradiction is responsible for the reductionism which is leading the latest theories of social and political philosophy to the conclusion that we have reached "the end of politics" and are venturing into the "postpolitical era." According to this author, rather than describing the essence of the problem, these terms are merely skimming the discursive problem. If, as Foucault would have it, discourse is always a specific practice, the aforementioned reductionism can also be approached as a political strategy. Therefore, in order to grasp the "political" as a feature of the situation in which the people are participants, rather than in substantial terms, the author discusses the theory of development of the modern political subject within the framework of Michel Foucault's liberal "government" paradigm and Jacques Rancicre's theory of democracy as a proper political element. Drawing upon these two thinkers, he sketches the genealogy of contemporary liberal democracy, stigmatized by the increasing rift between the people's political activity and the managerial class's apolitical reproduction.

Michel Foucault's Courage for Truth

Hrabrost za istinu Michela Foucaulta

Author(s): Krešimir Petković / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 01/2012

Michel Foucault, Vladanje sobom i drugima. Predavanja na Collège de France (1982-1983), Antibarbarus, Zagreb, 2010, 358 str.

FROM BIOPOLITICS TO BIOPHILOSOPHY: M. FOUCAULT, G. AGAMBEN, G. DELEUZE

NUO BIOPOLITIKOS PRIE BIOFILOSOFIJOS: M. FOUCAULT, G. AGAMBENAS, G. DELEUZE’AS

Author(s): Audronė Žukauskaitė / Language(s): / Issue: 84/2013

Keywords: biopolitics; life; biophilosophy; Foucault; Agamben; Deleuze

The essay analyzes the notions of biopolitics in Foucault’s and Agamben’s works. Foucault defines biopolitics as the result of the relationship between power and life, which has been changing constantly throughout history: the sovereign power has been replaced by disciplinary power, and the latter has been replaced by biopolitics. Foucault connects the emergence of biopolitics with the development of capitalism and economical processes, and this is why he prefers to speak in terms of political economy rather than political theory. By contrast, Agamben interprets biopolitics as a quasi-ontological condition: he claims that the production of biopolitical bodies which is legitimated by the state of exception characterizes both archaic empires and contemporary democracies. These negative notions of biopolitics necessarily raise the question of how the resistance to biopolitics is possible. Both Foucault and Deleuze point out that when power takes life as the object of its manipulation, it is life itself which is turned against power. It is important to stress that biopolitical power and the power of life are not different poles of the same power but are of different nature. Thus the power of life needs to be conceptualized in different terms which are taken from Deleuzian philosophy. The article seeks to define these terms and conceptualize the philosophy of life or biophilosophy, and in this way tries to answer the question of how resistance to power is possible.

»Regimes of Truth« and »Regimes of Fiction« - Foucault on the relationship of art and science

»Reżimy prawdy« i »reżimy fikcji« – Foucault o związkach sztuki z nauką

Author(s): Pawel Bytniewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Michel Foucault; Episteme; Las Meninas; Don Quixote; Regimes of Truth; Regimes of Fiction

Foucault once said that, “we can envisage two kinds of philosopher: the kind who opens up new avenues of thought, such as Heidegger, and the kind who in a sense plays the role of an archeologist, studying the space in which thought unfolds, as well as the conditions of that thought, its mode of constitution.” I am going to follow in Foucault’s footsteps, supposing that this highroad is in no sense wide and well recognized. I turn to the issues which Foucault has explored time and again, but which have no strict elaboration in his oeuvres. The idea is as follows: what is the relation between knowledge and beaux arts? While Foucault wanted to show knowledge in great historical formations called epistemaï or discourses, he directed his gaze to the fine art in specific, individual mode. Yet, despite differences in the ways these have been approached—what I want to show—Foucault’s view on relation between knowledge and fine arts is strongly linked by consistent thinking about the history of modern Western culture. According to him, the potential of literature and painting is epistemological, not esthetical. Actually, the art serves as a critique of knowledge. But, the most important in Foucault’s thinking is that this critical role, which literature and painting undertake, is depicted in the manner which is an integral part of the Foucauldian understanding of the history of knowledge. When this history shows discontinuity of changes of human sciences, when under archeological diagnosis their history nullifies truths, it is the literature and painting that have power to sanction change and to announce new forms of cognition.

THE RELATION BETWEEN IAN HACKING’S HISTORICAL ONTOLOGY AND MICHEL FOUCAULT’S GENEALOGY

IANO HACKINGO ISTORINĖS ONTOLOGIJOS IR MICHELIO FOUCAULT GENEALOGIJOS SĄSAJOS

Author(s): Marius Markuckas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 89/2016

Keywords: hacking; historical ontology; human kinds; Foucault; genealogy;

In the article, the social research method of historical ontology developed by Ian Hacking is presented alongside with the overview of the key conceptual sources of this method. My main focus is on the discussion of the relation between Hacking’s historical ontology and Foucault’s genealogy. It is shown that despite the fact of Foucault’s significant theoretical influence upon Hacking’s thinking, there are differences between the approaches to history that base the historical ontology and genealogy as the construction field of social reality and its modus of being. It is concluded that in the historical ontology the acknowledgement of “language games”, but not as a constitutive mechanism of social reality as in the case of genealogy “power games”, enabled Hacking to radicalize the antiessentialist concept of this sort of reality as “non-existent entity”, or quasi-reality, i.e. “marked out” as purely linguistic entity. It is also stated that, on the one hand, for Hacking the fundamental “languagability” of social reality has opened up the possibility to identify and explicate constructivist and nihilistic nature of (post)modern ethics, but, on the other hand, it contained “neutralization” and ethical “aestheticization” tendency of the modern social engineering, as an external coercion applied in respect of individuals.

Modern subjectivity and alienation according to Michel Foucault and Marcel Gauchet

Subjectivité moderne et aliénation selon Michel Foucault et Marcel Gauchet

Author(s): Olivier Lecomte / Language(s): French / Issue: 2/2014

Foucault and Gauchet think that the modern democratic societies and social changes are understandable only by having a careful look at the individual and how it sees itself as a subject. Beyond a political debate on madness, I will focus on the modern subject as it is recognized throughout the phenomenon of madness by questioning the anthropological revolution that appeared when we found the same in alterity. This paper is intended to clarify the concept of the modern subject and explore two different interpretations of how we would have recognized ourselves throughout the phenomenon of madness. We analyze, more specifically, the relationship between self and the concept of alienation.

The Theme of Philosophy of Science in Postmodern Social Theory -Foucault Ve Derrida Instance-

Postmodern Sosyal Teoride Bilim Felsefesinin İzlekleri -Foucault Ve Derrida Örneği-

Author(s): Ruhi Can Alkın / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 80/2014

Keywords: Philosophy of Science; Falsification; Paradigms; Postmodernizm; Deconstruction;

The role of philosophy of science on the formation of postmodern social theory has not been discussed as much as the role of the some of the other philosophical diciplines. At this point, by considering the postmodern social theory, current text proposes to discuss the basic theories and arguments of some thinkers who could be named as the contemporary representatives of philosophy of science. For this purpose, Popper’s idea of falsification and criticism on historicism, Kuhn’s theory on paradigms and Feyerabend’s ‘anarchistic’ manner on methodological restrictions or classification on scientific occupation will construct the background of the study. After the first step, postmodern social theory and it’s basic arguments will be incorporated into the text. When doing this, thinkers mentioned above will always be remembered in terms of their philosophical and scientific position. On the following part, some of the basic notions discussed by Foucault and Derrida such as deconstruction, archeology and genealogy, histiography, etc. will be considered as the examples of postmodern social theory. Lastly, these notions will be compared to aforementioned arguments on philosophy of science. In doing so, similar points among philosophy of science and postmodern social theory will be given via specific examples.

M. Foucault – About Paradoxical Alliance of Forbidden and Artistic Languages

M. Foucault Apie Paradoksalią Draudžiamų Ir Meninių Kalbų Giminystę

Author(s): Stanislovas Mostauskis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 76/2013

Keywords: Foucault; linguistic prohibitions; autoimplicative language; insanity; separation; subconsciousness;

The article discusses the evolution of the linguistic prohibitions noted by French philosopher M. Foucault and the relationship of insanity and literature which has emerged in the perspective of such prohibitions. Such a relationship is called the language of absolute incompatibility, or the language of the dividing line between insanity and literature. Also, the article represent the idea of autoimplicative language which justifies this relationship and the changes of insanity status associated with the above mentioned idea, it formulates the anthropological structure based on the model of separation and characterizes its essential element – „apophatically“ interpreted phenomenon of subconsciousness. In the paradoxical space, beyond the language which is „understood by everybody“, in the nontransparent shadows of human nature, is unfolding very allied relationship between insanity and literature – and at the same time their absolute nonidentity.

The Interpretation of Function of Positive Law in Legal Philosophy of M. P. Foucault

Ąstatymų Funkcijos Interpretacija M. P. Foucault Teisés Filosofijoje

Author(s): Vytis Valatka / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 57/2008

Keywords: Foucault; positive law; modern disciplinary society; antidisciplinary law;

This article analyses interpretation of functions of positive law involved in legal philosophy of Michel Paul Foucault. The author of the article focuses on the way in which Foucault explained the positive law of premodern and modern societies. The article comes to conclusion that Foucault regarded positive law of premodern society (that is, society of Middle Ages, Renaissance and New Ages) as a tool to validate supreme royal power, no matter whether it is absolute or limited. Meanwhile positive law of modern society of the XIXth and XXth centuries was presented as a force formally legitimizing the supreme power of State as civil community. Nevertheless, the real function of that modern law was revealed as an establishment of unlimited net of repressive local disciplines within society. According to Foucault, modern positive law fixes modern disciplinary society by hiding local disciplines from individual and public sight under the veil of State as Sovereign.

Reason Governance and the Art of Governance of Michel Foucault

Arsyeja Qeverisëse dhe Arti i Qeverisjes tek Michel Foucault

Author(s): Muhamedin Kullashi / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 6/2008

Keywords: Michel Foucault; knowledge; power; state; middle ages; modern age;

Në këtë studim do të orvatemi të shkoqisim disa aspekte të hulumtimeve të Foucault-së (Mishel Fuko) mbi lidhjet e shumta që sajohen midis pushtetit dhe dijes në periudhën e Mesjetës, Renesancës (Rilindja), periudhës klasike dhe modernitetit. Më konkretisht do të shqyrtojmë lindjen e konceptit dhe praktikës moderne të qeverisjes sipas Foucault-së. Në pjesën e parë të artikullit do të hedhim një vështrim të përgjithshëm tek kalimi gradual nga koncepti dhe praktika mesjetare e sundimit drejt konceptit dhe praktikës moderne të qeverisjes, çka shoqërohet edhe me lindjen e një koncepti të ri, atë të shtetit. Në pjesën e dytë do të përqendrohemi tek mënyra se si Foucault-ja e ka trajtuar konceptin e 'arsyes së shtetit' si reflektim dhe materializim i praktikës dhe entitetittë ri konceptual ‘shtet'. Në pjesën e tretë do të ndalemi tek metodologjia e hulumtimit të Foucault-së për të kuptuar më mirë mënyrën se si Foucault-ja analizon 'vënien në skenë' të arsyes së shtetit në raport me një sërë konceptesh të tjera çka ravijëzon dhe sendërton edhe më qartë entitetin shtet. Këtë moment të sendërtimit të shtetit si një realitet objektiv në një kontekst të caktuar historik, epistemologjik dhe politik, gjithmonë sipas Foucault-së, do ta shtjellojmë me më hollësi në dy pjesët e fundit të punimit.

Archaeology of Cognitive Science: Michel Foucault’s Model of the Cognitive Revolution

Archaeology of Cognitive Science: Michel Foucault’s Model of the Cognitive Revolution

Author(s): Marek Hetmański / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

Keywords: archaeology of knowledge; cognitive science; epistemology; knowledge; science discipline; Michel Foucault

The article presents an epistemological and partially methodological analysis of cognitive science as a scientific discipline, created as a result of the transformations that took place in the philosophical and psychological concepts of the mind and cognition, which were carried out with the aid of tools and methods of modelling as well as through simulating human cognitive processes and consciousness. In order to describe this interdisciplinary (transdisciplinary) science, and its positions, as well as the stages and directions of its development, it makes use of the epistemological model formulated by Michel Foucault, in which he draws attention to social, ideological and technological conditions of scientific knowledge (episteme). The opinions of the leading creators and critics of cognitive science, such as George A. Miller, Howard Gardner, Margaret Boden and José Luis Bermúdez are referenced to and analyzed with the use of this model. The article shows the epistemologically and methodologically divergent status of cognitive science, as well as its cognitive and institutional conditions and challenges, which stand before it after half a century of intensive development.

Towards a Cultural Political Economy: Staging an Encounter between Marx, Gramsci and Foucault

Towards a Cultural Political Economy: Staging an Encounter between Marx, Gramsci and Foucault

Author(s): Ngai-Ling Sum / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2018

Keywords: Cultural Political Economy; Marx, Gramsci; Foucault; Selectivity; Discourse;

This article elaborates one possible development of Marx’s legacy 200 years after his birth. It responds to the influence of post-structuralism and its related ‘cultural turn’ on academic Marxist analyses by examining the material and discursive dimensions of changing social relations in capitalist social formations. In this context, it proposes a cultural political economy approach to bridge the theoretical divide between constructivism and structuralism. It suggests that, given his long-standing interests in language and semiosis as key aspects of the critique of economic, political, and social life, Marx can fruitfully be read as a proto-cultural political economist. It is further suggested that Marx’s contributions to the critique of political economy can be enhanced by articulating them with the work of two later critical theorists, namely, Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault. Accordingly, this article stages an encounter between Marx, Gramsci and Foucault to explore the interface between the semiotic and extra-semiotic aspects of social relations and then identifies four modes of selectivity as a heuristic tool for examining the production of hegemony and the remaking of social relations.

THE (NO) REFLECTIONS OF MICHEL FOUCAULT PHILOSOPHY IN VYTAUTAS KAVOLIS’S LITHUANIAN STUDIES

MICHELIO FOUCAULT FILOSOFIJOS (NE)ATSPINDŽIAI VYTAUTO KAVOLIO LITUANISTINĖSE STUDIJOSE

Author(s): Alvydas Noreika / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 95/2018

Keywords: Vytautas Kavolis; methodology of history of culture; reflections of Foucault philosophy;

The article deals with the problem of the relationship between Vytautas Kavolis’s Lithuanian Studies and philosophy of French post/structuralist Michel Foucault. It questions the established opinion that Kavolis’s inquiry into the history of Lithuanian culture is based on Foucault’s ideas. It argues that the influence of these ideas on the Lithuanian thinker is insignificant; for the majority of Kavolis’s research topics and methodological means either have nothing in common with those of Foucault’s or are explainable by parallelisms in their thinking. In the majority of cases, the Lithuanian thinker developes his own original attitudes independently of the French philosopher. Only in two cases, it is possible to talk about Foucault’s direct influence on Kavolis.

Episteme and Literature: An Analysis of Language in Early Foucault

Episteme e letteratura : analisi sul linguaggio nel primo Foucault

Author(s): Cristian Invidia / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 7-8/2020

Keywords: language; episteme; literature; heterotopia; limit;

In 1996 Foucault publishes Le parole e le cose, important work related to the relationship between knowledge and epistemes. The novelty of the philosopher's archaeological methodology leads him to reveal the inadequacy of the analysis methodology used in the historical analysis of knowledge and to show how historical becoming moves by fractures. The archaeology of knowledge thus binds the structuralist viewpoint to become historical and discovers the importance of created fractures in the various passages from one episteme to another. The central part of the above analysis will be the relationship between the language and the typical order of each era, up to the modernity in which language itself has lost its centrality towards the epistemic configuration. The analysis of modernity remains a critical point in Foucault's analysis. This is revealed only thanks to the ambiguous position that the philosopher can take and this thanks to the particular Being of the literary language that is realized in this era and that opens up to otherness and to a different order.

On Dr. Stockmann’s Parrhesia: Ibsen’s “An Enemy of the People” in the Light of Foucault

On Dr. Stockmann’s Parrhesia: Ibsen’s “An Enemy of the People” in the Light of Foucault

Author(s): Mohammad-Javad Haj’jari,Noorbakhsh Hooti / Language(s): English / Issue: 26/2019

An honest intellectual dutifully standing with truth against lies and treacheries of his society is a parrhesiastic figure in Foucault’s terminology. Foucault takes parrhesia as the fearless and frank speech regarding the truth of something or a situation before truth-mongering and public deception and he takes the parrhesiastic as the spokesperson for truth. In this light, Dr. Stockmann in Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People occupies a unique position within Ibsen’s political philosophy. Dutifully criticizing what the majority blindly take for granted from their liar leaders in the name of democracy, Dr. Stockmann fulfills the role of a parrhesiastic figure that stands against socio-political corruption. He enters a parrhesiastic game with both the majority and the officialdom to fulfill his democratic parrhesia as a truthful citizen before the duped community, while covertly preparing for his own philosophic parrhesia or self-care within the conformist community. However, his final failure lies in his confrontation with democracy itself, which wrongly gives the right of speaking even to the liars. This article thus aims at analyzing Ibsen’s play through a Foucauldian perspective regarding the concept of parrhesia and its relation to democracy. It is to reveal Ibsen’s satire on the fake ideology of democracy and highlight the necessity of humanity’s parrhesiastic self-care for the well-being of the self and the others.

PHENOMENOLOGY OR STRUCTURALISM. FOUCAULT, DERRIDA AND THE PASSIVE SYNTHESIS

PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIE OU STRUCTURALISME. FOUCAULT, DERRIDA ET LA SYNTHÈSE PASSIVE

Author(s): Vittorio Perego / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Foucault; Derrida; Merleau-Ponty; phenomenology; structuralism; passive synthesis; transcendental genesis;

Foucault and Derrida react in two different ways to the new paradigm imposed by structuralism. Foucault uses structuralism to overcome phenomenology, in fact structuralism shows the naivety of phenomenology, in its claim to rely on conscience to constitute meaning. Instead, Derrida on the contrary immediately nurtures a certain distrust of structuralism, especially in its philosophical ambitions and uses the resources of phenomenology to criticize it, showing the metaphysical implications operating in it. We want to show how this opposing position is generated by the specific way in which the two philosophers have responded to the open problems and bequeathed by Husserlian phenomenology. In particular, the theme of “passive genesis,” which was raised in the French debate by Tran-Duc-Thao and Merleau-Ponty, is central. In the first writings it emerges how Foucault has received Merleau-Ponty’s theses and it is precisely to overcome them that he inaugurates an archaeological analysis to try to distance himself from the normalizing anthropological discourse present in the passive synthesis. Derrida reads passive genesis in a radically different way from Merleau-Ponty (and therefore Foucault): the radical nature of Husserl’s phenomenology has opened a space to question the transcendental genesis of philosophical discourse and its possibility of transcending its historical, social and psychological genesis and therefore the sciences that preside over these dimensions. Consequently, showing the naivety of structuralism, Derrida’s research of the sixties is configured as post-structuralist.