Search results for: Teksty Drugie in All Content

The Cult of the Beginning and the Fascinations of the Mature Age in Literature and Music

Kult początku a fascynacje wieku dojrzałego w literaturze i muzyce

Author(s): Ewa Borkowska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The late style is notoriously difficult to define, since for some creators, it correlates with the final period of their artistic activity, while for others, it begins much earlier. However, in both cases, it comes to signify artistic maturity and the mastering of a certain “grammar of creation,” discussed by George Steiner in his book. This philosopher and literary critic, who was also an expert on music, made numerous attempts at discussing “the dusk of the artistic endeavour” before arriving at the conclusion that what is crucial is the “cult of thebeginning,” the first notes of “the grammar of creation,” which function as an overture,marking the beginning of the work. It appears, then, that it is precisely in the “incipit” thatthe promise of the conclusion is located. The mature age can also manifest in the author’smastery of their artistic craft. The article includes numerous examples of fascinationwith the late style in poetry (William Shakespeare, John Donne, William Blake, ReinerMaria Rilke, James Joyce, Seamus Heaney, Gerard Manley Hopkins), as well as music andart (Roger Scruton, George Steiner, James Joyce). Zbigniew Herbert, Alfred Tennyson orWilliam Butler Yeats.

Familial and Friendship‑Oriented Social Networks, or on the Mobilizing and Demobilizing Contexts of Civic Activity

Rodzinne i przyjacielskie sieci społeczne, czyli o mobilizujących i demobilizujących kontekstach aktywności obywatelskiej

Author(s): Zbigniew Zagała / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: social networks; social and civil activity; mobilizing potential; Upper Silesia

The answers of scholars concerning the determining factors in social, political and civic activity of individuals are based on different models which explain the reasons why some people are active while others remain passive. The article focuses on the mobilizing model, which analyzes the relationships between individuals and their social environment. The article, therefore, aims to answer the question: do familial and friendship‑orientedsocial networks affect the engagement of their participants in social and civic activity, and what is the significance of that activity depending on different conditions? The results ofa study conducted in Silesia over the past few years allow to conclude that networkswhich include people who are or used to be active in the public sphere have significant mobilizing potential in comparison to networks which do not include such socially and politically active individuals. The two types of networks referenced above create two different environments for civic socialization, which result in the emergence of significant differences in social attitudes among their members.

Traditional threats to international security

Tradycyjne zagrożenia dla bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego

Author(s): Roman Kuźniar / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Between ‘aisthesis’ and aesthetics, or what an esthetician can learn from the blind

Pomiędzy „aisthesis” a estetyką, czyli czego od niewidomych może się dowiedzieć estetyk

Author(s): Agnieszka Gralińska-Toborek / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: blind; aesthetics; aesthesis; touch; hearing; smell

Aesthetics, the field of philosophy, is understood as the science of aisthesis – the sensual cognition, but also as a reflection on beauty, art, experiences and criticism. In both cases, the esthetician can learn a lot from blind people, because their use of senses other than eyesight is peculiarly precise and even amazing for sighted people. The senses of hearing, smell and especially touch play a cognitive role, which is often forgotten today, particularly in times when they are separated from their sources or even prepared in an artificial way. Reflection on the perception of the world by blind people may lead to the conclusion that it is much more concrete and “more powerful” than the seeming world of sighted people as Johann Gottfried Herder noted in the eighteenth century. This causes problems for people who try to translate reality perceived mainly with the help of sight to the language of other senses. Understanding and feeling these kinds of cognition requires the efforts and, above all, it takes time.

Ten years after the European Union market expansion: The Polish company law perspective

Dziesięć lat po rozszerzeniu rynku Unii Europejskiej z perspektywy polskiego prawa spółek

Author(s): Jacek Napierała / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Polska;Unia Europejska;prawo spółek;

Z chwilą uzyskania przez Polskę członkostwa w UE polskie podmioty (instytucje) stanowiące i stosujące prawo spółek w praktyce stanęły przed nową rzeczywistością: (a) spółki mogą korzystać ze swobody przedsiębiorczości (freedom of establishment); (b) na terenie Polski mogą funkcjonować unijne podmioty ponadgraniczne (Europejskie Zgrupowanie Interesów Gospodarczych, Spółka Europejska oraz Spółdzielnia Europejska); (c) Polska zobowiązana jest do implementacji unijnych dyrektyw i zaleceń prawa spółek oraz do wydawania przepisów wykonawczych do unijnych rozporządzeń o spółkach unijnych; (d) podmioty stosujące prawo zobowiązane są do prounijnej wykładni polskiego prawa spółek. Autor kolejno analizuje wymienione komponenty zmiany.

British Defense Policy Dilemmas after United Kingdom General Election of 2010

Dylematy polityki obronnej Wielkiej Brytanii po wyborach parlamentarnych 2010

Author(s): Grzegorz Gogowski / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: British Defense Policy;United Kingdom;British General Election of 2010

The article discusses major weapons investments carried out at present and planned in the future by the United Kingdom. Individual investments are analyzed in terms of their potential relevance for the British armed forces, the costs of completion and the factors that influence the decision to choose a particular variant of the weapon. In the last part of the paper, the British dilemmas with nuclear forces are characterized.

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION AND TRADITIONAL THREATS TO ENERGY SECURITY: GLOBAL AND EUROPEAN TRENDS

TRANSFORMACJA ENERGETYCZNA A TRADYCYJNE ZAGROŻENIA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA ENERGETYCZNEGO: TRENDY GLOBALNE I EUROPEJSKIE

Author(s): Kamila Pronińska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: energy security; climate change; renewable energy; consumption of coal; oil market; energy-climate policy; oil supplies disruptions; Abqaiq; energy efficiency

The article surveys an analysis of the most important energy market trends fromthe perspective of their importance for global and European energy security and globalclimate security. The author illustrates the importance of both climate change challengesand traditional threats to energy security – especially those related to the oil suppliesdisruptions and price fl uctuations – on the dynamically changing energy market. In 2019,global oil market experienced the largest disruptions in the 21st century due to the attackon Saudi Arabia’s oil facilities in Abqaiq. How did this spectacular event impact oil/energy security? How did contemporary demand-supply trends help in managingthe 2019 disruptions? Finally, the author examines the scale of transformative changesin the energy market with regard to energy effi ciency, renewable energy, CO2 emissions,and how energy-climate policy interacts with the energy security environment.

Image and word play in modifying the profile of people known from the electronic media (Interia.pl portal)

Gra obrazem i słowem w modyfikowaniu wizerunku osób znanych w mediach elektronicznych (portal Interia.pl)

Author(s): Wioletta Kochmańska,Maria Krauz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Authors discuss the games run by the media broadcaster in a multimodal transmission consisting of words and images depicting the profiles of famous people. The purpose of the analysis is to show the relationship between the image and the text, the ways of organizing the linguistic means of interaction between the sender and the receiver. They are seeking answers to the question whether the games only serve the purpose of raising the receiver’s interest sporadically, or they stimulate them to repeatedly and systematically read the analyzed message.

Self-presentation and image of a journalist: television and new media The case of editor Kamil Durczok

Autoprezentacja i wizerunek dziennikarza: telewizja i nowe media Przypadek Kamila Durczoka

Author(s): Izabela Bogdanowicz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Journalists — hosts of the program on television have influence on the image of the invited person as an element of self-presentation and self-promotion. The case of editor Kamil Durczok, known as “the table incident in the studio”, shows the problem from the other side. It demonstrates the importance of new media and their impact on the image. Opinions and written commentaries of journalism students pointed at using the interview on the portal as a tool for achieving image objectives. Conscious media audience — students being prepared to work as public relations specialists could see the problem of self-presentation from the journalist’s perspective. Conclusions can affect their attitudes while working for the media, especially in the context of their own image and — not necessarily intended — self-presentation and self-promotion.

Teacher or who? Polish language teacher in the face of teaching and learning processes. Reflection not only etymological

Nauczyciel czy „uczyciel”? Polonista wobec sytuacji uczenia (się). Refleksja nie tylko etymologiczna

Author(s): Piotr Kołodziej / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: teacher; teaching; learning; identity; brain;

The text concerns the role of a teacher of the Polish language and literature and the aims and ways of organizing their work. The point of departure is an etymological reflection on words such as “teacher”, “teaching”, “learning”, “get used to”, etc., which in Polish derive from a single Proto-Indo-European root. Teachers of Polish, who “only” teach how to read and write, perform a very responsible task as they contribute to permanent changes in their students’ identities. This conclusion is also founded upon the research conducted by contemporary neurobiologists and philosophers. Ignoring knowledge about the brain, language, teaching and learning, and even about the origin of words such as “teacher”, leads schools to disastrous consequences.

Parents and teachers invite to the world of the book-developing interests and reading attitudes of children and youth

Rodzice i nauczyciele zapraszają do świata książki — o rozwijaniu zainteresowań i postaw czytelniczych dzieci i młodzieży

Author(s): Dorota Karkut / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: reading; popularization; school and public libraries; required reading;

The article outlines various forms of cooperation between parents and teachers and the role of the school and local library in attracting lovers of reading. Based on an interview with teachers and the observation of activities of both headmasters and teachers at Podkarpacie, the author characterized interesting ways of promoting reading in these institutions.

A story and a short dissertation. School forms of expression and students’ linguistic competence

Opowiadanie i rozprawka. Szkolne formy wypowiedzi, a sprawność językowa uczniów (doniesienie z badań)

Author(s): Beata Udzik / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: a story; short dissertation; essay; narration; argumentation;

This article is a report from a preliminary stage of research of empirical material obtained from exam essays written by junior high schools and high schools graduates. The author is interested in a link between a form of expression and its linguistic-communicative style, especially in terms of composition, lexis and syntax used. The article introduces aspects of the main problems and key questions. The research question of the article is: Which of the linguistic and stylistic features are determined by a narrative or argumentative character of texts produced by students?

The artist and his work: Hans Christian Andersen. Educational project in teaching the Polish Language

Dzieło i twórca: Hans Christian Andersen. Polonistyczny projekt edukacyjny

Author(s): Ewa Ogłoza / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Hans Christian Andersen; project-based learning; mill; bell;text of culture;

The author of the paper suggests topics, forms of presentation and materials that may be used in project-based learning. All the proposed topics are related to Hans Christian Andersen’s work and life, and their representations in the works of other artists. These suggestions are backed up with justifications, and some with commentaries (the motifs of bell, mill, book and dream, paper-cut, installation and poster).

Jutka and Anna needed stories as desperately as they wanted to breathe. Interpretation of works of literature for children and children’s literature based on Jutka’s Insomnia by Dorota Combrzyńska-Nogala and Anna and Mr Swallow by Gavriel Savita

Jutka i Anna potrzebowały opowieści jak powietrza. Interpretacja utworów dla dzieci i dziecięcych na podstawie Bezsenności Jutki Doroty Combrzyńskiej‑Nogali oraz Anny i Pana Jaskółki Gavriela Savita

Author(s): Alicja Baluch / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: literature for children; children’s literature; performer; reader;researcher;

Interpretation is part of the research process that is conducted on the basis of a formulated interpretative hypothesis and contexts accompanying the reading. These activities are available to experts in literature. Compositions for children are not, in principle, subject to interpretation. Working on them should be determined by the perception capabilities of little readers, and thus what must be taken into account is the intersemiotic character of these texts, wherein the word image gesture is the most important. The comparison of Jutka’s Insomnia by Combrzyńska-Nogala and Anna and Mr Swallow by Gavriel Savita reveals thematic similarity and genre distinctions of both of the works.

Rainbow Madonna. Mediological (mis)understandings

„Tęczowa Matka Boska”. (Nie)porozumienia mediologiczne

Author(s): Marta Wójcicka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: cultural text; trace; message; form; memory carrier; mediology

The article presents a mediological analysis of multimodal cultural text, which functions in a public discourse as ‘Rainbow Madonna’. In this text the author of the poster has combined two cultural symbols: a painting of Black Madonna of Częstochowa and a rainbow. The aim of this article is an attempt at looking at one text from three different perspectives, which are the reason of misunderstandings. A starting point of the analysis is a conception by Regis Debray, who distinguished three types of monuments: traces, messages and forms. This proposal was modified by the author, who – adopting a memoryological perspective - defined the analysed cultural text – due to its cultural references – as a carrier of memory, which, because of its functions, was described as a trace or testimony, a message and a communication of the past.

Ways of popularising pure and correct Polish in language guide-books for children and teenagers

Sposoby popularyzowania polszczyzny pięknej i poprawnej w poradnikach językowych dla dzieci i młodzieży

Author(s): Helena Synowiec / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The article discusses functions and aims of publications popularising linguistic modelsand developing learners’ language and communication awareness. It shows how the authorsof these publications, well-known linguists and didactics of the Polish language, motivateyoung people to speak Polish correctly and aesthetically, as well as how they arouse their interestsin language problems. The attention was paid to attractive forms of exercises, accessiblyformulated pieces of advice and correctness hints, as well as a functional presentation ofvarious phenomena by various authors in talks and essays on the native language. A didacticvalue of these publications was emphasized.

Books „recommended” by Andrzej Trzecieski

Książki „zalecane” przez Andrzeja Trzecieskiego

Author(s): Anna Sitkowa / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The article discusses occasional poems in which Andrzej Trzecieski praised the 16th century worksand their authors. The poems, printed in „recommended” books fulfilled, above all, advertising functions.Among others, it was emphasized that Trzecieski encouraged equally enthusiastically to read works bythe authors enjoying authority in the 16th century and the debuting ones, wrote praises of Latin worksand written in the national language. He appreciated advantages of works that are fundamental froma today’s perspective, but also indicated the „advantages” of literary ephemerides. Worth attention, froma religious point of view, were Trzeciewski’s praising rhymes, both in books submitted to print by reformationadvocates and the Catholic church.

Scholarly and useful books recommended in „Zabawy Przyjemne i Pożyteczne”

Księgi uczone i pożyteczne rekomendowane w „Zabawach Przyjemnych i Pożytecznych”

Author(s): Bożena Mazurkowa / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The subject of considerations is formally diversified advertisement texts and occasional poems publishedin the first Polish literary periodical. They constitute an interesting source of studies on readingculture at that time. Texts written by highly‑regardededucation activists and writers (Grzegorz Piramowicz,Urban Szostowicz) and Michał Gröll, a publisher, printer and bookseller distinguished for our nativeculture, contain a directly or indirectly expressed encouragement to take into account publications ofan academic nature and writings of a broadly‑undersstoodusefulness when choosing books. The analysisof a source material allows for defining various strategies used by the above‑mentionedauthors inorder to interest readers with books proving technical and scientific novelties, achievements in medicalknowledge and works useful in an every‑daylife at that time. The subject of inquiries is a broad spectrumof persuasive means serving a proper presentation of author profiles and indication of a text renown topublish and their life usefulness.

Musicality as a trace of historical events in contemporary Polish drama

Muzyczność jako ślad wydarzeń historycznych we współczesnym dramacie polskim

Author(s): Oleksandra Vasylieva / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: drama; music; intermediality; musicality; Małgorzata Sikorska-Miszczuk; Magda Fertacz

The article analyzes the role of musicality in presenting historical events in contemporary Polish drama. Music is not only an ideological vehicle but above all one of the medias for transmitting memory, a trace of past events that are reflected in the present. It is this category of reflection, or resonance, that makes the appearance of music in dramatic texts similar to an echo. Its essence is the ability to convey emotions that cannot always be explained with words and often remain at the level of experience. That is why musicality serves as a filter through which the texts of contemporary Polish playwrights are being critically analyzed. In this case, we use the term musicality in its broad sense. Musicality in dramatic texts covers not only the musical pieces themselves but also the entire sonosphere. Musicality is a powerful way of presenting Polish history in contemporary drama on various levels.

Contrasting Perspective of Modernity in David Herbert Lawrence’s Late Prose

Kontrastowe ujęcie krytyki nowoczesności w późnych opowiadaniach Davida Herberta Lawrence’a

Author(s): Magdalena Wylężek / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: David Herbert Lawrence; Modernism; Primitivism; Short Stories

The point of departure for the following article is the belief that Lawrence’s primitivism ( J. Kessler) is an important attempt to reply to the modernist crisis. In his late short stories terms such as spirituality, religion or ritual are playing a vital role in his reflection on modern society. To display his criticism Lawrence highlights the contrast between bourgeois class and free-thinking individuals. Terminology for this consideration is derivative from Mircea Eliade’s book The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. It is a basic to present Lawrence’s protagonists view on understanding time, space and significance of a ritual.