Ethos rycerski w kulturze. Tradycje i kontynuacje. T. I: W kręgu średniowiecza
The Chivalric Code in Culture. Traditions and Continuations. Vol. I. Middle Ages
Contributor(s): Teresa Banaś-Korniak (Editor), Beata Stuchlik-Surowiak (Editor), Magdalena Komenda, (Editor)
Subject(s): Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Cultural history, Studies of Literature, Social history, Middle Ages, Philology
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Keywords: chivalric code; medieval culture and its traditions
Summary/Abstract: This multiauthored monograph puts forward an interdisciplinary approach to the chivalric code, developed in the Middle Ages, whose broad tradition has expanded since those times up to the 21st century and is cultivated in various areas of life, both in Europe and the rest of the world. The authors gathered in this work belong to numerous disciplines, including history, literary studies, and cultural studies; moreover, among the texts included, one might find even the papers contributed by an archaeologist and a sport historian. By all means does it prove that the issue tackled in this monograph touches upon an important cultural phenomenon, which – regardless of the influences and “borrowings” exchanged between the differing civilisations – lays the foundations for the development of any of the human communities. The work is recommended not only to scholars, but also to a broader audience of people interested in the chivalric culture with is traditions and shifts.
Series: Historia
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3172-0
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3171-3
- Page Count: 356
- Publication Year: 2017
- Language: Polish
Idea rycerza-zakonnika i jej uzasadnienie w ujęciu św. Bernarda z Clairvaux
Idea rycerza-zakonnika i jej uzasadnienie w ujęciu św. Bernarda z Clairvaux
(The Idea of a Knight-Monk and Its Justification from St. Bernard of Clairvaux’s Perspective)
- Author(s):Jacek Kwosek
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:15-32
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:St. Bernard of Clairvaux; knight-monk; Knights Templar; Christian knight
- Summary/Abstract:The article is devoted to the idea of a knight-monk and its justification presented by St. Bernard of Clairvaux in In Praise of the New Knighthood. First, we are following St. Bernard’s argumentation, and then, a broader theoretical context is outlined. The central problem is: how to reconcile the evangelical imperative of loving enemies with the acceptability of leading crusades or, more broadly speaking, armed combat in defense of faith. It has been argued that this problem is just an extreme example of a more universal problem inherent in Christianity, namely the tension between perfection, which, according to the Gospel, man ought to achieve, and his actual imperfection.
- Price: 4.50 €
„…znana jest u nas zaledwie z imienia…”. Polskie XIX-wieczne edycje przekładów Pieśni o Rolandzie
„…znana jest u nas zaledwie z imienia…”. Polskie XIX-wieczne edycje przekładów
Pieśni o Rolandzie
(“…znana jest u nas zaledwie z imienia…” 19th-Century Polish Translations of The Song of Roland)
- Author(s):Marta M. Kacprzak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:33-73
- No. of Pages:41
- Keywords:The Song of Roland; Chanson de Roland; chansons de geste; chivalric epic; literature of Middle Ages – reception in the 19th century; Siemieński Lucjan; Duchińska (Pruszakowa); née Żochowska; Seweryna;
- Summary/Abstract:The article written by the researcher of classic literature and its reception in the 19th century studies the editions of Polish translations of The Song of Roland which precededthe acclaimed translation by Tadeusz Żeleński (Boy), published several times since 1932.The author delves into the poetic translations authored by Seweryna Duchińska, néeŻochowska (1866) and Lucjan Siemieński (1878), and the prose translation by KazimierzKról (1903). She describes the circumstances surrounding their creation and portraysthe environments in which other Polish translations of The Song of Roland were created,and how they were aiming at particular readers. She analyzes the scholarly, literary andsocial goals of these editions, as well as their translatory, artistic, editorial and ideologicalprinciples. She explores their connection with the development in the 19th century ofknowledge of heroic and chivalric narratives, and considers the cultural significance ofthe chivalric ethos in the Middle Ages and later.
- Price: 4.50 €
Sprzężenie przeciwieństw w Don Kichocie Cervantesa
Sprzężenie przeciwieństw w Don Kichocie Cervantesa
(The Coincidence of Opposites in Don Quixote by Cervantes)
- Author(s):Agnieszka Lniak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Essay|Book Review |Scientific Life, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:74-95
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Don Quixote; Cervantes; knight-errant; coincidentia oppositorum
- Summary/Abstract:The pull of opposites – is how we can characterize the knight-errant Don Quixote. The following article is an attempt to show how his multi-aspectual persona is construed through presenting his relations with other characters, his specific position in the depicted world, and the dialogue of the internally conflicted „Don Quixotean self ”. All of these elements against the background of reflection on the condition of Cervantes’s contemporary reality lead us to ponder on the status of idealism in the world being increasingly dominated by realism (the conflict as important to Spain at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries as to the entire Western culture).
- Price: 4.50 €
Triumf (anty)rycerza? Gra ze średniowiecznością w Grze o tron G.R.R. Martina
Triumf (anty)rycerza? Gra ze średniowiecznością w Grze o tron G.R.R. Martina
(The Triumph of an Anti-Knight? A Play on Medievalism in A Game of Thrones by George R.R. Martin)
- Author(s):Aleksandra Starowicz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:96-116
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Middle Ages; medievalism; neo-medievalism; fantasy
- Summary/Abstract:The author of the article reflects on the presence of elements of medieval culture, literature and customs in contemporary fantasy literature, based on A Song of Ice and Fire byGeorge R. R Martin. Her introductory remarks are devoted to the issues of medievalism andneo-medievalism. In a further part of the article, she analyzes specific examples of medievalelements found in the novel, with special regard to these parts of the story (the envisionedworld, characters and relations between them), which concern the ethos of chivalry.
- Price: 4.50 €
Ethos rycerski św. Joanny d’Arc w religijno-historiozoficznej koncepcji Dymitra Mereżkowskiego
Ethos rycerski św. Joanny d’Arc w religijno-historiozoficznej koncepcji Dymitra Mereżkowskiego
(St. Joan of Arc’s Ethos of Chivalry in Dimitry Merezhkovsky’s Religious-Historiosophical Conception)
- Author(s):Alina Sobol
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:117-132
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Joan of Arc; mysticism; Dimitry Merezhkovsky; sainthood
- Summary/Abstract:In the following article, the author performs an analysis of the atypical concept of the ethos of chivalry as outlined by Dimitry Merezhkovsky in the historical essay Joan of Arc.According to the Russian symbolist writer, Joan of Arc’s ethos of chivalry must be understood first and foremost through the prism of faith and her religiousness, rather than solely in the context of the saint’s battlefield conduct (undoubtedly this interpretation of ethos was influenced by Merezhkovsky’s historiosophical concept concerning the Third Kingdom of the Spirit, into which Joan was expected to guide, and by the conviction about war beingthe worst form of spiritual enslavement of man). Merezhkovsky calls St. Joan of Arc – a Crusader of God. He emphasizes her uniqueness among her contemporary knights situating her in the world full of barbarity, blood and cruelty, the world that is religious, yet paradoxically, devoid of God. As seen by Merezhkovsky, Joan of Arc’s character and conduct should also be viewed in a broader context: through the prism of Merezhkovsky’s contemporary geopolitical situation (living through World War I and in the world at the threshold of another war, he sees the saint as a paragon of chivalry and a patron of a contemporary soldier).
- Price: 4.50 €
Średniowieczna geneza idei fair play i jej funkcjonowanie we współczesnym sporcie – od turniejów rycerskich do nowoczesnego współzawodnictwa na arenach sportowych
Średniowieczna geneza idei fair play i jej funkcjonowanie we współczesnym sporcie –
od turniejów rycerskich do nowoczesnego współzawodnictwa na arenach sportowych
(Medieval Origins of the Idea of fair play and Its Place in Contemporary Sports – from Knights’ Tournaments to Modern Competition in Sports Arenas)
- Author(s):Michał Mazurkiewicz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:133-147
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:fair play; sport; Middle Ages; knights’ tournaments
- Summary/Abstract:Sport, undeniably, is a complex phenomenon and a fascinating field of research. The aim of this article is to trace the medieval origins of contemporary sport. Interesting forms of games and their cultural background can be observed in knights’ tournaments. The chivalric code developing at that time created a strong need for exercising and contests perfecting warfare. „It established moral principles, which in time became a fundamental in sports of what was, not without reason, called by the founder of olympism Pierre de Coubertin „the spirit of chivalry”, and what the English referred to as fair play. In the following article, the author analyzes the sources, essence and evolution of the idea of fair play, and how it is functioning in contemporary sports arenas. He gives examples of noble behavior worthy of the highest praise and unworthy behavior representing the dark side of sports rivalry. An important place in the paper is devoted to the presentation of some views within physical education science on whether the principle of fair play is the highest value in sports.
- Price: 4.50 €
Wojownik, obrońca wiary i uciśnionych? Wzorce rycerskie w świetle średniowiecznych przekazów narracyjnych
Wojownik, obrońca wiary i uciśnionych? Wzorce rycerskie w świetle średniowiecznych
przekazów narracyjnych
(A Warrior – Defender of Faith and the Downtrodden? Chivalric Codes in Light of Medieval Narratives)
- Author(s):Agnieszka Teterycz-Puzio
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:151-183
- No. of Pages:33
- Keywords:chivalric codes; chronicles; annals; Middle Ages
- Summary/Abstract:Medieval knighthood was not a homogeneous group; we encounter here ordinary knights and affluent magnates. The aim of the article is to study, in light of the 10th- to 14th-century narrative sources from Central Europe, how knights, both the rich and the less wealthy, spent time, what activities they engaged in, what their customs and guiding principles were, and if there existed any differences among countries. In chronicles, we often find descriptions of rulers-knights portrayed as perfect commanders, although we also come across accounts of failed expeditions. Over centuries, the ideal of a prince-commander has changed. Knights are portrayed as noble and valiant, however, deceit as one of the ways of fighting occurs more and more often, and so does treachery. It should be emphasized that the picture emerging from an analysis of the chronicles departs from the frequently idealized view of a medieval commander/knight retained in general conscience, oftentimes contrarily to the intentions of the chroniclers. Then, what was the code of a knight/ruler in light of the narrative sources? A knight should be courageous, loyal to the lord/commander and obedient. He could seek revenge upon his enemy, but it was perceived worse if he used a stratagem unless it served a good cause. A knight should not however, disgrace himself with betrayal, which could be redeemed only by heroic death.
- Price: 4.50 €
Społeczeństwo trwogi? Zachowania niezgodne z ethosem rycerskim w najstarszych kronikach polskich
Społeczeństwo trwogi? Zachowania niezgodne z ethosem rycerskim w najstarszych kronikach polskich
(Society of Fear? The Conduct at Variance with the Chivalric Ethos in the Oldest Polish Chronicles)
- Author(s):Agnieszka Klawinowska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:184-202
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:anti-standard of behavior; ruler; deceit; vile; justice
- Summary/Abstract:The article presents portrayals of conduct at variance with the chivalric ethos, which are found in the oldest narrative sources that were produced in Poland, namely PolishChronicle recorded by Gallus Anonymous in the early 12th century, the chronicle authoredby the Bishop of Kraków Master Vincentius in the early 13th century and Kronikawielkopolska (The Chronicle of Greater Poland) from the late 13th or early 14thcentury, the authorship of which has not been generally accepted yet. The author of thearticle performs an analysis of anti-knightly behavior, separately with regard to foreign enemyand domestic rulers. She shows under what circumstances the chroniclers used examplesof contemptible conduct, which was detrimental to the conventional perceptionof magnates at that time. Presenting the chroniclers’ interpretation, she also points to thecontext in which they mentioned those anti-standards of behavior. She argues that therhetoric and style used by medieval chroniclers in the creation of characters had didacticsignificance.
- Price: 4.50 €
O Wojach Chrystusowych, czyli rycerzach i świętych (na przykładzie literatury staroserbskiej)
O Wojach Chrystusowych, czyli rycerzach i świętych (na przykładzie literatury staroserbskiej)
(On Warriors of Christ, or, Knights and Saints (Based on Old Serbian Literature))
- Author(s):Izabela Lis-Wielgosz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:203-221
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Warrior of Christ; knight; saint; martyr; canonical virtues; Old Serbian literature; Middle Ages
- Summary/Abstract:The article shows several realizations of the paraenetic model of a Warrior of Christ, embodying the two basic ideals of man in medieval culture – a knight and a saint. Based on the example of Old Serbian literature, the author proposes a specific typology of images shaped by Eastern Christian tradition and its characteristic ideals of man. She discusses particular examples of profiles and the conduct of the eponymous Warriors of Christ. She also explores how the creation of these characters was dependent on a convention or literary genre and demonstrates that it was closely related to an area, its culture and written language. In con clusion, she points to the similarities and differences between the works produced in the Christian East and West. She looks at the most important types of writing in the Middle Ages – hagiography, hymnography and historiography. Based on this material, she discusses the most popular and broadly propagated in the Middle Ages moral conduct and habitual qualities of the mind and spirit embodied by a ruler portrayed as a knight and saint, and oftentimes a martyr. In drawing the cultural portrait of a ruler as a knight and saint, sheindicates a set of canonical virtues of that culture, including theological (faith, hope andlove), cardinal (prudence, justice, moderation and valour) and heroic virtues (piety, ascetism,humility, devotion and sainthood).
- Price: 4.50 €
Zagubiona tradycja. Powroty do kultury rycerskiej w literaturze czeskiej
Zagubiona tradycja. Powroty do kultury rycerskiej w literaturze czeskiej
(The Lost Tradition. Returns to Chivalric Culture in Czech Literature)
- Author(s):Anna Gawarecka
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:222-239
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Middle Ages; Order of Teutonic Knights; Czech cultural heritage
- Summary/Abstract:Czech literature relatively seldom sees the chivalric ethos as its integral, culturally active tradition. At the source of this „lack” lie reasons related to the 19th-century project ofthe „revived” national culture, in which the suitably interpreted history of Bohemia playeda significant role. In this plan, the idealized reminiscences of the democratic and plebeianHussite revolt incorporated into a utopian vision of nationality, were of prime importance;they counterbalanced the politics of the Austrian state oriented toward sustaining the cultof aristocratism. An introduction of the knight as a literary character, in some ways organically related to the actualization of medieval subject matter, in effect assimilates itself into the debate over the shape of Czech historical memory. In the works of Vladimír Neff, Karl Michal and Vladimír Körner, any reference to the category of chivalry is usually associated with its disparaging, or at least calling it into doubt, and it is simultaneously subordinated to the question about the presence of alternative traditions, capable of formulating anew and re-reading the paradigm of Czech identity.
- Price: 4.50 €
„Rycerskość” arystokraty z okresu Heian. Rozważana z perspektywy Il Cortegiano Baldassare de Castiglionego
„Rycerskość” arystokraty z okresu Heian. Rozważana z perspektywy Il Cortegiano
Baldassare de Castiglionego
(“Chivalry” of an Aristoctat from the Heian Period. Considerations from the Perspective of Il Cortegiano by Baldassare de Castiglione)
- Author(s):Adam Bednarczyk
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:240-267
- No. of Pages:28
- Keywords:chivalry; Il Cortegiano; The Book of the Courtier; courtliness; Genji monogatari; comparative study
- Summary/Abstract:Japanese courtly culture reached its pinnacle during the Heian period (between the9th and 12th centuries), which was characterized by the pursuit of ideal beauty and refinedelegance (miyabi). The achievements of the court in Heian in literature, art and aestheticsthoroughly assimilated themselves into the Japanese national heritage; until this day they reflect the mentality and values of the élites of that time. Genji monogatari is an 11th-centurynovel, which recorded the picture of the aristocracy expressing their version of the Europeanconcept courtoisie (Heian model of courtly ethos). Even when cursorily compared with theRenaissaince work Il Cortegiano by Baldassare de Castiglione, Genji monogatari shows a good deal of analogies with the courtly and chivalric ethos cultivated by an ideal Italian courtier. In the following article, the author proposes a comparative analysis of the two masterpieces of Old Japanaese and Italian literature, in the context of world literature and comparative studies of classical world literatures, with the aim of indicating some universal qualities and conduct that characterized a courtier, also from the perspective of chivalric ethos.
- Price: 4.50 €
Etyka samuraja według japońskich opowieści wojennych
Etyka samuraja według japońskich opowieści wojennych
(The Samurai Ethic according to Japanese War Stories)
- Author(s):Joanna Puchalska-Nadolska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:268-301
- No. of Pages:34
- Keywords:samurai; bushido; gunki monogatari; war story
- Summary/Abstract:Japanese warriors, known as samurais, have a worldwide recognition. They are associated with a specific honorary code of conduct – bushidō. Its name did not come into common usage until the 20th century, and it was never written down in one canonical form. Bushidō was developing over a few centuries of the supremacy of warriors on the Japanese political stage – from the takover of power by the Minamoto family at the end of the 12th century to the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in the 19th century. In the early period of samurai rule, bushidō was under a strong influence of Japanese war stories called gunki monogatari. The protagonists of theses stories are samurais, yet, they intersperse actual characters and historic events with literary fiction, elevating some warriors to nearly superhuman heroes. Gunki monogatari depict samurais’ habits such as showing off their mastery of shooting and horse riding, challenging an equal opponent, committing suicide in the face of a hopless situation, and killing all in the family of an enemy. We can also find the praise of qualities like courage, loyalty, prudence, using a stratagem by commanders, and the bunbu ryōdō ideal, that is the ability of one person to master the knowledge of literature and military skills.
- Price: 4.50 €
„U nas mówią, z pieśni słowa nie wyrzucić”. Rycerskie ceremoniały i zwyczaje w polskiej powieści historycznej XIX wieku (Dzieje Polski Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego)
„U nas mówią, z pieśni słowa nie wyrzucić”. Rycerskie ceremoniały i zwyczaje w polskiej powieści historycznej XIX wieku (Dzieje Polski Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego)
(“U nas mówią, z pieśni słowa nie wyrzucić”. Knightly Ceremonials and Customs in the Polish Historical Novel in the 19th century (Dzieje Polski (The History of Poland) by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski))
- Author(s):Maciej Gaździcki
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:302-326
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:Kraszewski; Middle Ages; knight; historical novel; medievalism; king’s sons
- Summary/Abstract:The article is devoted to the depiction of medieval knights in selected historical novels by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, including those in the cycle Dzieje Polski (The History of Poland). The author of the article focuses on how the author of Stara baśń (An Ancient Tale)showed the elements of the caste’s ethos, rituals such as knighting, routines, competitions and symbols (sword). He concentrates on Królewscy synowie (The King’s Sons) (times andbattles of Bolesław Wrymouth and Zbigniew), where knighthood together with its ritualsand customs were particularly extensively described. Kraszewski’s novel is also interpretedthrough the prism of chansons de geste, and particularly The Song of Roland; its main protagonists being seen as counterparts of Roland (Wrymouth) and Ganelon (Zbigniew). The author also refers to the perception of a warrior as a „warrior of Christ”, studying Kraszewski’s characters of crusaders or Teutonic knights, and pondering over the place of Christian faith in the life of men at arms. He also demonstrates the gradual decline of the caste described by Bolesławita with regard to the progressing degeneration of values, the passing of heroes, development of military technology and changes in human mentality. In conclusion, the author indicates the virtues of knighthood that Kraszewski valued in particular and the aimhe pursued when emphasizing them in historical fiction.
- Price: 4.50 €
Charakterystyka „herbarzy kaflowych”
Charakterystyka „herbarzy kaflowych”
(A characterization of “Armorial Tiles”)
- Author(s):Karol Łukomiak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Studies of Literature, Philology
- Page Range:327-343
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:stove tiles; material culture; late Middle Ages; heraldry; archeology
- Summary/Abstract:For centuries, a stove has remained an extremely important element within a home.It served primarily as a source of heat, but with the development of pottery, stove-makingevolved. In the late Middle Ages, there appeared a stove tile with representations of religiousscenes, everyday situations and heraldic motifs, known in literature as gothic. Researchersbecame interested in stove tiles as early as in the 19th century. This kind of artifacts has anextensive body of literature. In spite of this, the topic still poses a lot of questions. So farno stove in situ has been found. Tiles were mainly uncovered in the cultural layers as rubble after demolition of stoves. It has not been established yet how the tiles were arranged relativeto one another on the stove surface. Heraldic motifs constitute over a half of the discoveredgothic tiles. The heraldic depictions themselves are varied. The aim of this article is a classification of the heraldic patterns on the face of tiles dated to the second half of the 15thcentury, which were found at the sites in Gniezno, Jarocin and Janków Dolny (Great Polandvoivodship). A great number of coats of arms found at one site may be indicative of familyrelations and political connections of the owner of the stove.
- Price: 4.50 €