ФЕНОМЕН БІОХАКІНГУ: НАУКОВО-ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ, БІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ТА СОЦІАЛЬНЙ АСПЕКТ
THE PHENOMENON OF BIOHACKING: SCIENTIFIC, THEORETICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

Summary/Abstract: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of biohacking, the ideology of Do-It-Yourself. The authors focus on the peculiarities of biohackers’ knowledge and its dissemination, exploring the system of social interconnections and processes that are unfolding today. The concept of «biohacking» is defined and its interpretations in research are outlined. The biohacking and the Do-It-Yourself movement are analysed in detail on the basis of four types of knowledge of its social distribution. Existing research, including digital ethnography and interviews, analyses of various media resources on the Internet, and the results of scientific discussions of biohacking with biohackers and representatives of institutional science and medicine are analysed. The authors present a description of the options for generating and generalising knowledge, ways of its social distribution, and obtaining practical feedback, which are divided into four «ideal types»: 1) «scientific knowledge» (the most common in the biohacking space), which is obtained in the laboratory; it is addressed by scientists and biohackers in online debates and interviews; 2) «individual/personal knowledge» - knowledge about oneself, which implies awareness of goals related to one’s health and mental well-being, fulfilment of functional needs, and actions aimed at achieving results; 3) «collective social or even societal knowledge»; 4) «commercial knowledge» ‒ a product produced for sale, the main characteristic of which is not the «rationality» of its generation methods. It is proved that biohacking begins with balancing nutrition, a certain diet, analysing a person’s motor activity and drawing up a training schedule. On the basis of theoretical research, the article presents a fragment of scientific and experimental research, which resulted in a positive outcome of the participants’ increased awareness of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and the ability to act as a rational biohacker due to the formed abilities of self-regulation and self-control.

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