Nieskuteczna dyplomacja. Niemcy w działalności tzw. Formatu Normandzkiego w konflikcie w Ukrainie (2014–2022)
Ineffective Diplomacy. Germany in the Activities of the So-called of the Normandy Format in the Conflict in Ukraine (2014–2022)

Summary/Abstract: The author has shown that Germany’s political interests related to the leading role in the Normandy Format (N4) are related to keeping a communication channel with Russia open during the conflict in Ukraine while maintaining European Union sanctions against the Russian Federation. The article shows how Berlin’s involvement in mediation between the conflicted neighbors is presented internationally. An argument Berlin used was the inefficiency of sanctions. It was based on the conviction that a peace agreement was not possible due to fundamental divergence of interests between Moscow and Kiev.

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