UNELE METODE DE INVESTIGARE A ACTIVITĂŢII GRUPURILOR CRIMINALE ORGANIZATE (CAZUL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA)
SOME METHODS OF INVESTIGATING THE ACTIVITY OF ORGANISED CRIMINAL GROUPS (THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA)

Summary/Abstract: This article aims to examine, in a systematic and critical manner, contemporary investigative methods used in the process of dismantling organised criminal groups, with a focus on the specific features of the context in the Republic of Moldova, in correlation with the dynamics of global technological transformations. The scientific approach is based on a mixed methodological framework, combining doctrinal and normative analysis with a strategic-operational assessment of reports prepared by relevant international bodies (SOCTA, EMPACT, INTERPOL, UNODC), the examination of national case law and concluded criminal files, as well as the use of empirical data obtained through semi-structured interviews conducted with law-enforcement practitioners. The research results highlight the main evolving trends in organised crime, characterised by accelerated digitalisation, operational adaptability and transnationalisation. In this context, one can note the proliferation of crime-as-a-service (CaaS) models, the extensive use of encrypted communication infrastructures, the development of industrialised fraud centres (scam centres) and the diversification of mechanisms for disguising financial flows through cryptocurrencies. The analysis shows that the effectiveness of combating organised criminal groups is conditioned by the integrated application of special investigation methods, correlated with advanced financial investigation tools, social network analysis (SNA) techniques and mechanisms of international judicial cooperation, including through joint investigation teams (JIT). These tools make a significant contribution to reducing operational capacity and dismantling complex criminal networks. The article includes an applied analysis of relevant case studies from the Republic of Moldova, concerning: (1) international human trafficking networks operating on the Moldova–Ukraine–Italy routes, (2) money-laundering schemes carried out through offshore structures and (3) organised criminal groups involved in tax evasion and acts of corruption. The examination of these cases makes it possible to identify methodological particularities specific to the national context and underpins the formulation of recommendations aimed at optimising investigative practices.

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