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A personal story of domestic violence illustrates the value of housing for the victims, but Moldova still has far to go before the country reaches European standards in tackling the problem.
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The arms ended up being used by neo-Nazis, human right groups argue in a petition asking for the trade to stop.
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The arrest of a German journalist in Romania in connection to his work is a bellwether of the harassment whistleblowers face in Central and Eastern Europe.
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Poland, Baltic countries are anxiously watching the development of ongoing summit, hoping for increased security pledges.
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Meanwhile, celebrations of the establishment of Astana as the capital 20 years ago include a giant squirrel art installation.
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Slovakia has been the only V4 country to express willingness to take in up to 1,200 migrants, but only with the government’s consent.
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The aim of the paper is to perform a syntactic and semantic analysis of the haben + participle II construction on the basis of thesample from the material pertaining to the Old High German period. The investigation employed the method of contextual analysisof the semantics of the verbs used as past participles in the construction as well as its syntactic environment. The novelty of theresearch is that it shows a detailed picture of mechanisms underlying semantic shifts of haben + participle II, which functioned asa resultative during the whole period and possessed a state-resultant semantics. At the starting point the construction embraced thesyntactic pattern of the possessive verb and inflected past participle. Later, in the course of the semantic and collocational expansionof the possessive verb and further transformation of the past participle on the model of the predicative form of the adjective and theconstruction sin/wesan + participle II, the construction yielded the resultative of the second type with a short (uninflected) form ofthe participle. The second type of the resultative also retained a state-resultant semantics. In the text of Otfrid and to a larger extentin the works by Notker, it became possible to identify the subjective resultative. The main conclusion of the paper, which fits intothe grammaticalization theory, is the statement that the key impetus for the change of haben + participle II, at different stages ofits development during the Old High German period was a semantic shift in relations between constituents within the construction,which triggered its further morpho-syntactic transformations.
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The article deals with the problem of semantic modeling of special terminology. The latest approaches in the field of cognitivelinguistics are used herein. The author studies the terminological frame “pipeline” as a structure consisting of separate conceptualunits – basic frames and subframes corresponding to semantic categories. The semantic analysis of the term classes forming theterminology of pipeline transport made it possible to understand particular properties of the terminological frame “pipeline” as a superframethat organizes the structure of the English terminology in focus. The cognitive method used by the author in the semanticanalysis revealed processes occurring both in the surrounding world and within the language and also allowed to model the terminologicalsphere of pipeline transport. The conclusion made by the author concerning the terminological frame “pipeline” is confirmedby the results of the scientific and practical work carried out at the Faculty of Design, Construction and Operation of Pipeline Transportof Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas.
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The influence of mathematical mentality is defined by researchers as a main source of grammatical evolution of numerals. Theuniversal semantic content of numeratives, associated with the expression of the mathematical idea of a number, really makes theirpurpose for a variety of languages rather similar. Evolving semantically, the systems of numerals in their lexical composition areunified by the principle of terminological systems. The unifying thread and the scope of their formation strictly define the syntaxsequence of its components. The numerals are set in a single derivational model. The counting series, in which numerals performtheir main function, is a special text. Its elements have a semantic and formal influence on each other. In the process of numeration,numerals tend to the state of maximum isolation from the other parts of speech, usually the nominal ones. The tendency is manifestedboth in their semantic and grammatical characteristics. At the same time, the examples given in the article, show that the interactionof abstract-mathematical mentality and grammar can result in formal transformations. Such transformations are strictly specific foreach language and depend on a number of factors.
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The article accounts for the semantic features of the political immigration discourse on the eve of the referendum on the UK membershipin the EU in 2016. The author reveals and analyzes the argumentation strategy that forms the discourse of immigration andillustrates its use on specific examples. The relevance of such investigation is conditioned by the growing scientific interest towardphenomenology of political discourse and its various aspects. The analysis of publications helped to reveal the main argumentationschemes / topoi used by the newspaper for the argumentation of its position and validate the necessity for further research ofthe discourse on immigration. The need for further discourse analysis development aimed at the increase of the speech interactioneffectiveness in the political sphere is substantiated. The study of topoi and the identification of their semantic indicators made itpossible to identify characteristic features of the political discourse on immigration, as well as to determine the degree of politicalrhetoric’s effectiveness. Holistic understanding of the nature, causes and consequences of immigration requires a systematic analysisof all discursive strategies in a broad social context.
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The article deals with the genre and stylistic features of the travel sketches “Frigate Pallada” by I. A. Goncharov in light of the textformingrole of the lexicon. The lexicon analysis of the text helped to reveal a set of lexical group units organizing the text. It wasdetermined that the implementation of the text-forming function occurs differently: in a linear or a nonlinear way. The vocabularythat implements this function in a linear way includes ethnonyms, toponyms, names of exotic realities, the regional language andmarine language. The lexical units of these groups are evenly distributed around the text and form the lexical “core” of the work. Thevocabulary that implements this function in a nonlinear way includes key words of those parts of sketches that contain the author’sconceptual vision of the world’s image (in particular the lexical units relating to the semantic center formed by the ethnonym Britishand an adjective English). The vocabulary of both types makes up the sketches’ genre and its stylistic originality and reflects twostages of knowledge – observation (fixation of the real objects, which have appeared in sight of the traveler) and reflection (processingof the received facts, their classification, and conclusion making).
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The article is devoted to the problem of the identity and difference of modal components of the analytical predicate: the modal verband the modal copula-verb. The modal values of these components, their role in the organization of the predicate, as well as thecompatibility of different modal values within a single predicate are analyzed. It is argued that the phenomena in question cannot beidentified because they differ functionally and semantically. The novelty of the research is determined by the reference to the questionof the compatibility of the modal verb and the modal copula verb. The difference of the functions implies their free combinationin one nominal predicate. However, restrictions on their compatibility are conditioned by the typical value of the sentence, subject tosemantics, specific modal meaning of the verb and the copula.
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Formation of the Russian scientific style in separate scientific fields has not been studied enough. An appeal to the style of the ethnographicscience of the XIXth century is explained by two reasons: firstly, the author of the article is interested in the idiostyle of the famous Russian synologist N. Ya. Bichurin (1777–1853), a bright representative of the ethnographic science of the XIX century,and secondly, ethnographic works of this time are very popular in Russia. The country has experienced a high patriotic upsurge. Thisphenomenon has contributed to the development of comparative works in studies on different culture and every day life of variousnations. The significance of the topic in focus is conditioned by the circumstances listed above. Linguistic means, ensuring dialogicalnature of the scientific text, are studied on the basis of the fundamental ethnographic work by N. Ya. Bichurin “China: its residents,morals, customs, enlightenment” (1840). Bichurin’s sincere respect for China and its culture are also highlighted. The author’srespectful attitude toward Chinese culture contributes to special emotionality of his texts, to the conclusiveness and reasoning ofhis information on the everyday life of Chinese population. The vivid dialogicality of N. Ya. Bichurin works, as a manifestation ofthe author’s desire to convey to the Russian reader objective facts about China, its social and cultural uniqueness, is emphasized.
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The article tells about the role of F. I. Buslayev in the development of folklore lexicography. His works as a source of multiple ideasfor lingvofolkloristics inspired researchers from Kursk to create a dictionary of the Russian folklore language. The established principlesof lexicographic folk songs’ description were analyzed: genre differentiation of the material, territorial and temporal homogeneityof sources. Special attention is paid to the role of concordances of folklore texts in compiling dictionaries of different types.A detailed description of the microstructure of the epithet dictionary is given. The following characteristics of the zones (statistical,illustrative, syntagmatic and additional info) of the dictionary article are studied. The author provides arguments in favor of thehigh value of single-genre dictionaries and demonstrates that they present a certain fragment of the linguistic picture of the world.In addition, the idea of a series of epithet dictionaries compiled on the same model, but on the materials of different folk genres isexpressed. This could reveal common folklore tendencies as well as specific genre traits. The author conducted a comparative analysisof dictionary entries with the headword Теплый “warm” in epithet dictionaries of epic poems and non-ritual lyrics. Our studiesbrought us to the conclusion of high informative potential of epithet dictionaries.
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An analytical overview of the famous work by F. I. Buslaev “Historical Anthology of the Church Slavonic and Old Russian Languages”is offered. The facts of its creation are given. The structure and content of the work are considered. Its role in the formation ofprofessional culture of the philologist and its influence on the subsequent tradition of preparation of historical and linguistic textbookis noted. Special emphasis is placed on the scientific value of the first complete textbook of historical monuments and the traditionthat was developed after Buslaev’s publication.
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In F. I. Buslayev’s works, the conception of “nativity” is often referred to when one means native verses, native poetry. Naturally, theoriginal word can also be called a “native word”. The phenomenon of nativity is connected, according to Buslayev, with the independentexistence from the arbitrary rule. The basic feature of nativity is its moral and ethical contents. The unity of the people and of the personalityin their active work explains the paradox of the “unprecedented evenness of the Russian language in its local usage”. The nativity ofthe language displays the absence of the word “nativity” in the text and its conceptual accumulation in language units. The accumulationaccounts for the language ability to be the basic ethnic feature. It serves as a basis for heuristic processes and word formation and also actsas an instrument of cognition. Therefore, the study of peoples’ history is impossible without the study of their languages, in which the historyof the people is reflected. F. I. Buslayev’s ideas, concerning the nativity of poetic words, became the basis of the future linguafolkloreand of the analysis of regular epithets that displayed laconic brevity in traditional culture. The development of these ideas started with theobservation of proper nouns in folklore texts. F. I. Buslayev put forward the idea of composing a dictionary of constant epithets that canhelp to determine the Russian people’s thinking. F. I. Buslayev appreciated the value of lexicography and linguistic methods in lexicography.While studying the native word, Buslayev in fact became the fiest Russian philologist in the modern understanding of this term.
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The present article deals with the critical analysis of works by A. S. Chomyakov on the comparison of Russian words with Sanskrit,in which F. I. Buslaev formulates the principles of scientific etymological analysis. This scientific method was developed in theworks of famous linguists in the first half of the nineteenth century. On the example of the works by A. S. Chomyakov, F. I. Buslaevexamines the causes of erroneous etymologies: the rejection of the study of historical variability of languages, the wrong interpretationof sound and semantic correspondences, the false morphological analysis of the words and the construction of wrong semanticrelations between words. As F. I. Buslaev shows that such errors deprive the research of its scientific value and lead to the sphere ofunprofessional linguistics, which has become wide spread in our days.
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The article shows the main problems of poetics of grammatical categories within the framework of the concept developed by Ya. I. Gin,a vivid representative of Petrozavodsk school of poetic grammar researchers. The creative legacy of Ya. I. Gin is shown in referenceto his academic ideas pertaining to the productive development of significant for modern philology studies in the field of poetic syntaxand grammar of the poetic text. Although, the question of morphological categories’ poetics (genus, animate / inanimate) took themain place in the research of Ya. I. Gin, the method, developed by the scholar, is of no less significance for the following study. Themethod, elaborated for the analysis of lyrical communication from the viewpoint of changing personalities and the addressee’s problems,dialogical contexts, and case forms makes it possible to extrapolate this methodology into the field of poetic syntax with the aimof studying the structure, semantics and functional potential of syntactic constructions. The author of the article thinks that it is a veryproductive idea of Ya. I. Gin to include into the subject of poetic syntax both functional (following I. I. Kovtunova) and formal aspectsof the study of syntactic levels of the lyrical text, namely their inter-influence and interaction: a certain type of the construction not onlyparticipates in the formation of architectonics, structure, grammatical semantics and the general content of the text, in the creation oftechniques of semantic emphasis, and “foregrounding” (tropes and speech figures), but is also closely related to the meter, stanza andgenre of poetic works, as is confirmed by the data of the recently published “Syntactic Dictionary of Russian Poetry”.
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The paper develops the ideas contained in the pioneering article by Y. I. Gin “The Poetics of Gender”. Specifically, the match andmismatch of gender and sex of the personifying entity and the personificator are analyzed. In this regard, the cases of death personificationin the XIX–XX centuries’ Russian prose and poetry are investigated: semantic groups of death personificators are established.Consideration of the main semantic groups shows that the ratio of the words of feminine and masculine gender varies. While it maybe generally concluded that a personified death appears in Russian literature as a female character, some groups contain a fairly largenumber of masculine names. These groups of names include designations associated with masculine roles of the society – “militant”and “combative” roles: a knight, a gunner, a soldier; occupations associated with hunting and killing: a hunter, a butcher, a hangman;the name horseman is associated with the Biblical context. In those classes, where feminine names dominate, there are alsosome names of masculine gender, e. g. man, old man, father. Their use is marked and is felt as a standing contrast to the existingtradition. During the time period in focus the evolution of the class of death personificators is observed. The class is expanded byvarious names of occupations. The image of death progressively acquires modern features in poetry of the late twentieth century. Thematerial was collected with the use of the Russian National Corpus.
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The article is concerned with the issue of preparation and participation of the artists of the KASSR in the VIIIth World Festival of Youthand Students. This topic has not been previously studied in historical science. The study is based on the archival sources, the Soviet andFinnish periodicals. The aim of the research was to assess the importance of the artists’ participation in the international event. The artistsfrom the Musical Drama Theater and the ensemble “Kantele” took part in the festival. The ballet “Sampo” demonstrated the best traditionsof the Russian dance art and showed how high the level of cultural development in the regions of the USSR is. Participation of theartists from Karelia in the VIIIth World Festival of Youth and Students made them world famous and acquainted them with creative worksof foreign colleagues, which became an incentive for further development of the art in the region. Preparation of the ballet troupe of theMusical Drama Theater and of the ensemble “Kantele” for the participation in the festival helped to establish close cooperation ties withmultiple specialists from Moscow and Leningrad. These particulars provided conditions necessary for the further professional developmentof dance groups in Karelia. After the festival, cultural contacts between Karelia and Finland became more regular and productive.
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