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БЛИЗНЕЧНЫЙ МИФ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ БРИТАНСКОЙ АНТИВОЕННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ

Author(s): Natalia Nickolaevna Bedina,Anastasia Sergeevna Panova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4 (173)/2018

A myth about twins becomes relevant in times of crisis, when the old world collapses and people begin to realize the need for some universal foundation of the new world. One of the forms of this foundation is a sacrificial death of twins (or one twin). The actualization of this archaic myth in the literature of the XXI century is associated with the new comprehension of the results of the Second World War and a persistent premonition of the coming new disaster. The article attempts to analyze the mythological code of the contemporary British anti-war novel on the example of two texts: “The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas” by John Boyne (2006) and “Two Brothers” by Ben Elton (2012). The structural-semiotic methods of the analysis enabled us to reveal the elements of mythological traditions of the artistic world of these texts. In John Boyne’s novel, the structure of the myth is implemented fairly consistently and can be easily read. In Ben Elton’s novel, the mythological code is not so obvious, but the identification of structural elements, dating back to the archaic myth about twins, is more evident. Common to both texts are motifs of the same birth dates of the characters, their external similarity, dress changing, border chronotope, and finally, their sacrificial death. Ben Elton and John Boyne, referring to the twins’ archetype, thereby reproduce the logic of the myth: the world’s immersion into chaos and its later rebirth. The myth about twins as a metaphor is deployed in the artistic text in different ideological and philosophical problems: a friend-or-a foe, I and others, a human being and the world. In the chosen novels, the teleology of cosmogonic myth is directed against fascism, which constitutes their humanistic idea.

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СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ И СТРУКТУРНО-КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЗАГАДОК КНИГИ «СТО И ОДНА ЗАГАДКА»

Author(s): Tatiana Victorovna Strukova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4 (173)/2018

The article is concerned with the study of poetic literary riddles of the XVIII century. The poetic literary riddles in focus are analyzedfor the first time. They were published by an anonymous author in the book “One hundred and one riddle” in 1790. The artisticfeatures inherent to this enigmatic genre in Russian poetry are described. The author provides detailed characteristics of the methodsused to create an enigmatic image. A thematic classification of riddles (cosmogonic, philosophical-symbolic, anthropological,animalistic and ethological) as well as classification of riddles by the type of the original description (attributive, relational andattribute-relational judgments) are provided. The subject-object and subject-address structure of enigmatic texts is considered. Thesemantic and structural-composition features of riddles indicate that the poet was guided by special pedagogical principles, placinga particular emphasis on the cognitive-heuristic function of the poems in focus.

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ОДЕВАНИЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВА: МЯГКИЕ ГРАНИЦЫ – СТРОГИЕ ПРАВИЛА

Author(s): Lubov Victorovna Golubeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4 (173)/2018

The article is concerned with the functionality of symbolic and practical space of the village house. Along with the practical reasonstextile valances on the windows and other places inside the house have a particular symbolic meaning. They act as “borders” separatingpublic and private zones. Hanging a valance the village peasants separate the space between a stove and a wall (“solnysha”) from the rest of the house area. Only a mistress (“bol’shukha”) of the house can enter “solnysha”. The sleeping area can also be partitionedby the textile valance (“polog”). The careless use of a valance by a girl who sleeps behind a polog on her own can be perceived bya young man as an erotic message. For a townsman, on the contrary, a closed door would be a habitual and evident sign of no trespassing.The door provides a visual and acoustical impenetrability for one standing behind it. Textile borders are more passable andsoft. This discrepancy determines responsibility for keeping familiar borders. When people use visual and acoustical impenetrability(closed door), this responsibility is reciprocal for both sides. When people use a textile valance for keeping a familiar space, theresponsible side is the one who looked behind the valance. A peeking person disturbs the border of the private zone. The researcherconcludes that a habit of not looking into the private zone is developed through ritual practices, which later are incorporated intothe everyday life. Herewith textile valances play a role of a special tool for practicing this habit. The second conclusion is related tothe gender aspect. In villages, the women were the ones who controlled the soft borders of private zones both in daily practice andrituals. The article is based on the materials collected by the author of the article during multiple expeditions to the Russian North(1984–2017).

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ОБРАЗ YÖNITKETTÄI НОЧНОЙ ПЛАЧЕИ В КАРЕЛЬСКОЙ МИФОЛОГИИ

Author(s): Ludmila Ivanovna Ivanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4 (173)/2018

The article is based on the folk and ethnographic materials deposited in the archives of Karelia and Finland. For the first time in the nationalfolkloristics the image of yönitkettäi, the night weeper, is analyzed through the prism of the texts of mythological prose and magicspells, as well as beliefs and rituals. Firstly, the semantic interpretation and correct translation of the name, which has two meanings ofthe childhood disease and of the mythological figure, into Russian was the main purpose of the textological and comparative typologicalanalysis. Secondly, the figurative system and visual parameters, which are common to the spirit of night insomnia, were examined. Asa result, it can be concluded that yönitkettäi is not a single spirit. Its age varies and it can develop and improve its skills. The spirit is connectednot only with the world of the children, but also with the world of adults. This character is most often described as an amorphouscreature, although sometimes its descriptions bear anthropo-, zoo- and ornithomorphic characteristics. Some solar motives can also beobserved in its characteristics. The character’s connection with the elements of water, wild forests and domestic spirits is also identified.

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ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ ХЕЛЬСИНКИ В РОМАНЕ ЧЕЛЯ ВЕСТЁ «МИРАЖ 38»

Author(s): Irina Sergeevna Matashina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4 (173)/2018

The purpose of the article is to reveal characteristic features of the image of Finland on the material of the Kjell Westö’s novel “Mirage38”, which was not previously studied by Russian literature scholars. The writer is especially interested in the turning pointssignificant for the whole Finland. The historical realities in the novel “Mirage 38” are combined with the description of the atmosphereof the prewar period. It was established that Westö’s image of Finland is based on the contraposition of the “our” and “others”, actualizedat several narrative levels. They are represented by the ideological differences, embodied in the polyphony of the voices of activeparticipants, and by the description of the language barrier between the Swedish and Finnish population of the country. The languagebarrier is expressed in the use of foreign words, which divides the main characters and creates some distance between them and thereaders. The writer also draws a parallel between the events of the 1938th and the time of the civil war, when the Finnish society wasdivided into two groups. The image of the protagonist turns into a connecting link between alienated citizens of the same country.

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Validation of two conceptualizations of fragile self-esteem: contingent high self-esteem and incongruent high self-esteem

Author(s): Bojana Bodroža / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

The aim of this research was to validate two aspects of fragile high self-esteem: a combination of contingent and high (explicit) self-esteem and a combination of high explicit and low implicit self-esteem (i.e. incongruent high self-esteem), as well as to examine the relationship between these aspects of fragile self-esteem and narcissism. No convergence was found between contingent high and incongruent high self-esteem. The result was consistent regardless of the technique of measurement of implicit self-esteem. There was a limited evidence that individuals with narcissistic personality characteristics were characterized by high self-esteem contingent upon competences, but not by a combination of high explicit and low implicit self-esteem, as an aspect of fragile self-esteem. Also, individuals with low self-esteem more contingent upon competences showed higher levels of narcissistic characteristics than those who were not contingent in this domain.

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АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ РАННЕГО НЕОЛИТА НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНОЙ ФЕННОСКАНДИИ (проблема происхождения)

Author(s): Konstantin Enrikovich German / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

The early Neolithic period on the territory of the north-eastern Fennoscandia is characterized by two archaeological and cultural alliances: sperrings (Finnish Ka 1:1) and säräisniemi I. The area of sperrings cultural monuments comprises the territory of southern and central Karelia, Finland and the Aland islands. A small number of settlements was discovered in Vologda, Leningrad and Arkhangelsk regions. Säräisniemi I ceramic monuments are known in northern Karelia, northern Finland, northern Norway (Pasvik river and Varanger fjord area) and Kola Peninsula. A similar series of AMS-dates, that define the beginning of the early neolithic in the interval of 5300–5200 BC., was obtained in Karelia, Finland and northern Norway. There is no consensus on the origin of the early neolithic cultures found on the territory of the north-eastern Fennoscandia. Some researchers believe that the sperrings culture and säräisniemi I emerged on the basis of local mesolithic cultures, while others associate them with the emergence of new groups of population. In the author’s opinion, pottery of the second phase of the upper Volga early neolithic culture is the most similar in the form of vessels, in ochre painting of the vessels, in the set of ornamental elements and ornamental compositions. These clay artifacts could influence the appearance of pottery in the basin of the lake Onega. The appearance of pottery could also occur through the penetration (infiltration) of certain groups of people.

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ПЛОТИНА «ВОЗРОЖДЕНИЕ» В ЭФИОПИИ: ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТЕКСТ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПРАВО

Author(s): Ekaterina Andreevna Borisova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

The world has accumulated sufficient experience in settling water disputes in the field of interstate relations, but it is unlikely thatthere is a region where the problem of water distribution is definitively and irrevocably solved. The number of agreements increases,but the conflicts subside only for a while, until the increasing, for various reasons, shortage of water or other resources, which canbe compensated by water (or for e. g., electricity), becomes critical and turns into a problem with the renewed vigor. The sharing ofwater in the Nile basin is a good illustration of this statement. Ethiopia’s construction of the dam “Renaissance” conditioned by theshortage of electricity in the area, violated the established rules of the Nile basin countries’ water use and created a conflict situationin the Ethiopian-Egyptian relations. The unfolding conflict has complicated the Egyptian-Sudanese relations as well. The developmentof the situation around the Sudano-Egyptian agreement of 1959 also shows that sooner or later all countries of the basin have tobe involved in the process of water problems’ solution, no matter how weak they seem to be. Bringing the benefit to several regionalstates, the Ethiopian dam increases the tension in the region. The change in the status quo of the Egyptian-Sudanese agreement isalready destabilizing international relations and is likely to cause further conflicts and proxy wars. The development of negativescenarios lies in the water law itself, as it is based on conflicting concepts.

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ВИЗИТЫ ОФИЦИАЛЬНЫХ ДЕЛЕГАЦИЙ КОРОЛЕВСТВА КАМБОДЖА В СССР КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ ВНЕШНЕПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ Н. СИАНУКА (1953–1970 годы)

Author(s): Anna Mihailovna Kharitonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

The policy of neutrality pursued by a number of developing states in the middle and the second half of the 20th century took animportant place in the system of foreign relations of that time. The foreign policy strategy of the Kingdom of Cambodia developedby Norodom Sihanouk played an important role in the South-East Asia region in the 1950s–1960s. Some important issues still needdeeper research and clarification, including the problem of the N. Sihanouk’s foreign policy “inconsistency”. This fact determines therelevance of this article. The foreign policy doctrine of Norodom Sihanouk and the “policy of neutrality” pursued by him was repeatedlyevaluated as negative in the West. His critical statements about US policy in Southeast Asia and public demonstration of sympathytoward China and the Soviet Union were the causes of the negative assessment given by the West. However, an essential componentof this policy was equidistant from the opposing military-political blocs. In this article, the author makes an attempt to examine theforeign policy views of N. Sihanouk. They were declared by him in several theoretical articles published by the Cabinet of the Head ofthe State in Phnom Penh and in the monthly French edition “Le Monde diplomatique”. International visits and negotiations on the political,military, economic and cultural interaction of Cambodian delegations with the USSR in 1953–1970 are analyzed in the article.The author of the paper introduces new historical materials in the Khmer, French and Russian languages for the first time.

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ДНЕВНИК СВЕТЛЕЙШЕГО КНЯЗЯ А. С. МЕНШИКОВА КАК ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ИСТОЧНИК

Author(s): Ksenija Vladimirovna Donik / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

The article is concerned with the study of the diary belonging to the prince A. S. Menshikov. For the first time in the life of historiographyan attempt to describe the diary as a historical source is undertaken. The diary is a historical source that contains informationon the political history of the era of Alexander I and Nicholas I, the life of the court elite, the life of bureaucracy and aristocracy of thefirst half of the XIX century. The article contains a general description of the source and information on its introduction to historicalscience. The author tries to identify the place of the diary among similar documents of that time and to establish its addressee. Thestudy also surmises the reason for keeping this diary. The author came to a conclusion that there is a need for further work with thediary of Prince Menshikov and its indispensable future publication.

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ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ НАУКА В КАРЕЛИИ НА ПЕРЕЛОМЕ ЭПОХ: НИКОЛАЙ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ КОРАБЛЕВ

Author(s): Alexandr Mihailovich Pashkov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

At end of the late 1980s the Soviet Union entered a period of general decline, which lead to the collapse of the USSR and totalsocio-political and socio-economical change of the system. In the changed conditions, only skilled and faithful to the professionhistorians could fully realize themselves and take historical science to the level of new requirements. An example of the researchactivity undertaken by N. Korablev (1947–2015) is a valid illustration of the changes occurring at that time in the historical sciencein Karelia. N. A. Korablev studied the history of Karelia in 1861–1917. He was also known as a famous specialist in the field ofresearch and protection of historical and cultural monuments of Karelia. His works allowed us to reconstruct many important eventsof Karelian history from a contemporary point of view: such as the First Russian revolution of 1905–1907, the history of peasantryand business in 1861–1917, the impact of Stolypin’s agrarian reforms and of the First World War on Karelia, the urban history ofKarelia (Petrozavodsk, Olonets and Pudozh), the prosopography of Olonets Province (gubernija) governors, the current state of localmonuments and memorial places commemorating events of the Great Patriotic War, and etc. We came to a conclusion that a highlevel of professionalism and commitment to science allowed N. A. Korablev to realize himself successfully both during the Sovietand the post-Soviet period in conditions of the post-Soviet realities. He greatly contributed to the research of the history of Kareliaat the turning-point of the late 20th – early 21st centuries.

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СВЯЩЕННОСЛУЖИТЕЛИ РУССКОЙ ПРАВОСЛАВНОЙ ЦЕРКВИ В 1958–1988 ГОДАХ: СТАТУС И ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ

Author(s): Dmitryi Ivanovich Sazonov,Aleksey Aleksandrovich Fedotov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

This article is concerned with the analysis of the social status and activities of the Russian Orthodox Church clergy during religiouspersecutions conducted by N. Khrushchev up to the beginning of perestroika. The author characterizes the essence of the state controlover the Church personnel policy. The limitations of the clergy’s activity as a result of the reform of the parish administration in1961 are studied. The author also identified the problem of the increased staff in parishes with a disproportionately small number ofpotential parishioners. On the basis of the archival materials and published documents, it is shown that during this period the Churchwas totally controlled by the state, which in every way limited its canonical activity. At the same time, the Church effectively usedthe platforms of “fighters for peace” and “patriotic activity” provided by the authorities. As a result the Church managed to train anew highly professional personnel and to gain credibility not only in the Soviet society but throughout the world as well. The authorcame to a conclusion that the proper employment of very limited opportunities during this historical period largely depended on thepersonality of the Bishop and priests.

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МИТРОПОЛИТ ТОБОЛЬСКИЙ ПАВЕЛ И СИБИРСКОЕ ЛЕТОПИСАНИЕ КОНЦА XVII ВЕКА

Author(s): Yankel Gutmanovich Solodkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

This paper is concerned with the role of Metropolitan Paul I of Tobolsk (previously discussed on assumptions only) in the developmentof the Siberian chronicle writing, which was conducted under the predecessor of this bishop, Cornelius, and most likely before.The objectives of the paper include the definition of the editions of the Siberian Chronicle, probably formed during the stay of Paul Ias a head of the Tobolsk Bishop’s House (1678–1692), and of the range of the year-by-year records revealing an interest in the fate ofthe metropolitan department of that time – records that may have appeared with the participation of this prelate. The methods of studyemployed in this paper are the identification of chronicle reports, in which the interest in Metropolitan Paul’s activities is revealed, andwhich are attributed to the scribes of the Sophia Bishop’s House, who served under Metropolitan Paul. The research is also aimed atthe establishment of Siberian Chronicle editions that contain the most significant layers of such reports. In the course of the study itwas determined that the interest in Paul’s activities is felt in Kniga Zapisnaya (the Book of Records) and in two subsequent editionsof this collection – Golovinskaya and Naryshkinskaya. The chroniclers, in particular, reported on the trips of this lord to Moscow; thepunishments of voivodes M. V. and I. V. Priklonsky; the transfer of the remains of the archbishops Makary and Gerasimus, MetropolitanKornilius to the Assumption Cathedral of St. Sophia; Paul’s “consecration”(with the granting of the white cap) of Archimandriteof the Yenisei Spassky Monastery of St. Matthew; the bishop’s consecration of temples, his illness and further death. Dozens of entriesin the Golovinskaya and Naryshkinskaya editions of Siberian Chronicles are devoted to the church construction and the process ofchurch bells’ delivery from Moscow; multiple cases of Old Believers “fires” were also registered. Relevant reports that appeared in thehot pursuit of events provide grounds to connect them with two annalistic works. One of them became the source for Kniga Zapisnaya,and the second, sometimes less detailed, for Golovinskaya and Naryshkinskaya editions of Siberian Chronicles. Both of these worksdiffer significantly in the composition of entries. Messages from Kniga Zapisnaya on the prolonged illness of the metropolitan (afterthe transfer of the remains of former Siberian lords conducted by him before his death), on his return from Moscow to Tobolsk onJanuary 2, 1683 and March 20, 1687 can be attributed to eyewitnesses, most likely to persons close to Paul I. The same conclusionscan be made about the records from the Golovinskaya edition of the Siberian Chronicles about the ups and downs of the construction ofthe stone Assumption Cathedral. At the end of the 17th century, the Tobolsk Bishop’s House remained the center of chronicle writingswith the latter being simultaneously conducted in the voivode administration of the “reigning city” of Siberian land.

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ЭВАКУАЦИОННЫЕ ПЕРЕВОЗКИ – ОДНО ИЗ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КИРОВСКОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ НА НАЧАЛЬНОМ ЭТАПЕ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ

Author(s): Yuliya Nickolaevna Zelenskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

Evacuation transportation, carried out by the Kirov railway in summer and autumn of 1941, was performed in the state of emergency.Simultaneously with the evacuation of the KFSSR residents and the material-technical base of the company, the staff of the Kirovrailway dismantled and removed the property of its services and depots. The staff members of the Archive of the railway managementalso transported the documents. The well-coordinated activity of the railway workers made it possible to save and transportto the home front a significant part of the industrial equipment, livestock, construction materials, foodstuff, and population of therepublic. Only a small part of the railway property remained on the territory occupied by the enemy. However, according to the documentsof management and record keeping of the National Archive of the Republic of Karelia, the activities of the Kirov railway werevalued at a low rate. In particular, it was pointed out that the administration of the railway did not fulfill the plan of the rolling stockprovision for the enterprises and organizations of KFSSR. The research analysis of historical sources and comparison of availabledata helped to reveal a set of objective reasons that prevented the railroad management from directing the planned number of wagonsand platforms for evacuation needs. For the same reasons, railway workers had to destroy and leave the property of the railwaycompany on the territory occupied by the enemy. All these circumstances are analyzed in the article thoroughly.

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МИРОВОЗЗРЕНЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ РУССКОГО ПРОТЕСТА ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XIX ВЕКА

Author(s): Evgenii Vladimirovich Kamenev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

The article is concerned with the worldview foundations of political protests in Russia in the first half of the 19th century. Two socialgroups of different social strata characteristic of Russia, the Decembrist noblemen and the rioting peasants, are considered. Thechoice is based on the fact that these two groups were united by a high level of protest moods. The analysis of the worldview foundationof the Russian protests revealed the presence of two fundamentally different protest moods inherent to Decembrist noblemenand rioting peasants. In one case, an active subject transformed surrounding political reality. This subject in his actions was guidedby a well-considered program of the New European type. The other group consisted of the politically passive group of people whoseviews were based on religious beliefs. They looked forward to the coming of the “new world”. These two systems of views werediametrically antipodal. One of these poles, based on the ideas of the Enlightenment, could be called rationally modern. The otherpole, based on the traditional ideas dating back to the Middle Ages, could be called irrational. However, these two types of protestmoods had a common worldview foundation. This foundation consisted of the views expressed through the concept of truth. Theworld view of both the Decembrist noblemen and peasants reveals their dependence on the idea of the coming of divine order on theEarth. The truth was the ideal that both defined the criterion for the existing social reality assessment and determined the ultimategoal of actions.

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БОЕВЫЕ ДЕЙСТВИЯ И ЗАЩИТА ВОЕННОЙ ТАЙНЫ ВО ВРЕМЯ СОВЕТСКО-ФИНЛЯНДСКОЙ И В НАЧАЛЕ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ

Author(s): Gennadyi Aleksandrovich Kurenkov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

The article is concerned with the problem of the military and state secrets’ protection during combat operations and its interrelationswith the course of military development. The purpose of the article is to define whether the course of military actions influences thestructure, the contents, and the character of classified information. The question has not been previously studied in the open historiography.This fact explains both its contemporary relevance and novelty. The author provides the facts and describes measures, undertakenby the Soviet State in the form of the activity conducted by “Glavlit”, aimed at the protection of the state secrets at the verybeginning and during military actions of the 1939–1940 and 1941–1942. The author of the article provides a wide range of examplescontaining classified data. The protection of these classified data becomes essential in the course of military operations. Active interactionof political and governmental bodies on the information security is observed in the event of classified information expansion.Criteria on the classified information justification and its timely protection become practically effective. The author came to a conclusionthat the course of military actions directly influences the quantity and the character of data demanding protection. The Soviet statemanaged to protect a considerable part of classified information of the military and state value so necessary for the enemy.

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СОВЕТСКО-ФИНЛЯНДСКАЯ ВОЙНА: ПРИРОДНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ХОД БОЕВЫХ ДЕЙСТВИЙ В СЕВЕРНОМ ПРИЛАДОЖЬЕ

Author(s): Alexandr Pavlovich Martysevich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

Among important factors that had a significant impact on the outcome of the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939–1940 are the natural andclimate conditions of the combat operations, especially in the area of the Northern Ladoga area. These factors, which constitutea particular relevance to the study, are not satisfactory detailed in special literature. The purpose of this article is to prove that thegeographical, climatic and weather conditions of the region under consideration, at the time of the event had a critical influence onthe course of the military operations in the Northern Ladoga area. The Red Army incurred huge losses in manpower and militaryequipment due to challenging natural and weather conditions. We came to a conclusion, expressed in the thesis statement, thata whole set of external factors was not taken into consideration in the process of combat plans’ development, which eventually hada disastrous impact on the Red Army.

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ДЕМОГРАФИЯ КИРЬЯЖСКОГО ПОГОСТА В ПЕРИОД ШВЕДСКОГО ЗАВОЕВАНИЯ В XVI–XVII ВЕКАХ

Author(s): Marina Igorevna Petrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

Kiryazh (Kurkiоjoki) pogost of the Korela uezd (distrist) was under the Swedish rule for more than a hundred years as a result of thewars of the XVI–XVII centuries between Russia and Sweden. The research is concerned with the problem of demographic changeson the conquered territory at the local level. The problem is studied for the first time. The purpose of the study is to analyze the mainprerequisites and identify causes that affected the change in the demographic situation. Statistical methods were used to study thesources from the archives of Sweden. The analysis of the most ancient maps of the Kiryazh Pogost of 1646 was carried out for thefirst time. Religious oppression and economic difficulties caused mass migration to Russia among indigenous population. The peakof migration occurred in 1656–1568. The policy of Sweden contributed to the settling of vacant territories by its subjects, Lutheransby religion. By the end of the 17th century about 6,4 % of the indigenous Orthodox population remained in the Kiryazh pogost.

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ПОЛЕВОЙ СЕЗОН ГЕОЛОГА И ПРАКТИКИ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ: К ИСТОРИИ МИНЕРАЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ХИБИНСКИХ ТУНДР

Author(s): Olga Vasilievna Zmeeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

The article is concerned with the problem of mobility of research units and scientific expeditions on the Kola Peninsula in the 1920s.In conditions of the poorly functioning railway communications between the central and remote areas of the country, the lack ofinfrastructure, domestic and social discomfort in places of expeditions the participants of the expeditions had to maintain mobilityand carry out scientific research. The problem is considered on the example of geological and mineralogical expeditions of the 1920sconducted in the central part of the Kola Peninsula (Central Lapland). The research is based on the memoirs about the first trips writtenby geologists of exploratory and scientific expeditions performed in the 1920s; expeditions’ essays by A. E. Fersman; journal andnewspaper publications; interviews with local historians and researchers of the scientific heritage left by A. E. Fersman. The articleexamines the practice of participants’ mobility in geological expeditions, the involvement of local workers and indigenous people inresearch transitions, social adaptation, and development of the sociocultural space in the field.

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СВАТОВСТВО КАРЕЛОВ-ЛЮДИКОВ: ВРЕМЯ, УЧАСТНИКИ, АТРИБУТЫ В СВЕТЕ КАРТОГРАФИРОВАНИЯ

Author(s): Sergei Andreevich Minvaleev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5 (174)/2018

The article, based on a wide range of sources, is aimed at presenting the geography of some components of matchmaking (thetime of the ritual, its performers and their attributes) using the mapping method in the area of the Ludian Karelians settlement.It is concluded that the components under consideration were of the Baltic Finnic, Karelian and Russian origin. The common Baltic Finnic components include the name of the matchmaking (kožit’šuz) procedure and the names of matchmakers (sulhažet).The components of Karelian origin include the time of the marriage proposal and marriage itself (Christmas), participation ofa sorcerer and a female matchmaker (sajannaine) in the matchmaking procedure, the use of various matchmaking staffs. However,these components were unevenly represented on the territory of the Ludian settlement. The participation of a sorcerer (tiedoinikka)in the matchmaking procedure, as it was revealed, was peculiar only to the Northern Ludians bordering on the SegozerKarelians and was explained by the influence of the latter. The composition of matchmakers and wedding titles, common amongLudian people, was formed under the enormous influence of the wedding traditions of the neighboring Russian population. TheRussian impact was uneven, which is reflected in the maps.

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