"Boga hvaliti, puk sabirati, mrtve oplakivati"

Katoličko zvono sa sahat-kule u Foči u sjeveroistočnoj Hercegovini*

Author(s): Ante Škegro / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 2/2016

From all the lands that they ran over with the hooves of their horses, the Ottomans took not merely slaves, but everything they possibly could. Particular targets for their conquering and looting raids were Christian institutions and churches, where they plundered everything they could carry, even including bells from bell towers. Regardless of the reliefs of Christ on the Cross, the Virgin Mary, saints, and inscriptions that often decorated them, they placed them in their clock towers, if they did not melt them down for cannons and ammunition. First they removed the clapper, instead using metal hammers to strike the outside surface of the bell and mark time, in this manner calling the Islamic faithful to prayer.

"Zelené kádry" jako radikální alternativa pro venkov na západním Slovensku a ve středovýchodní Evropě 1917 - 1920

Author(s): Jakub Beneš / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 2/2015

This article explores the phenomenon of the ‘Green Cadres' at the end of the First World War in Austria-Hungary, with a focus on events in western Slovakia 1918-1920. The Green Cadres were bands of army deserters and radicalized peasants who hid in the forests and mountains of the monarchy during the last year of the war and then violently attempted to topple the social-political order in many localities as the state collapsed. The article suggests that they represented both the last major episode of peasant unrest in the region and a radical new attempt by the rural common people to influence the character of national and social politics in the interwar period. The nationalist dimension of this loose social movement appears to have been particularly strong in western Slovakia and may indicate some affiliation with the leaders of Slovak Catholic populism. On the other hand, the inability of nationalist elites to coopt the Green Cadres was in part responsible for their marginalization in narratives of Czechoslovak liberation as well as in contemporary historiography. On the basis of sources in Slovak, Czech, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and German, this study argues that the Slovak case of the Green Cadres fits into a broader transnational phenomenon, which sheds new light on the history of East Central Europe in the twentieth century.

100 години Народно читалище „Братя Миладинови" в Петрич

Author(s): Stoyan Germanov,Vangelia Treneva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2014

Centenary activities of Community Centre "Miladinovi Brothers" are filled with significant educational and cultural events known at home and abroad.

16. ve 18. Yüzyıllarda Osmanlı Yönetiminde Nahçıvan Sancağı

Author(s): Sadik Müfit Bilge / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 0/2017

Nahcivan, a border region that witnessed bloody battles during the centuries of the Ottoman-Safavid rivalry, became a part of the Ottoman administrative structure twice in the period covered 1588-1603 and 1724- 1735. In the Ottoman provincial administration, it was a sanjak (district) of the Revan eyalet (province). After the annexation of Nahcivan to the Ottoman realm, the province was called the “Revan and Nahcivan province” between 1588 and 1603. The sanjak of Nahcivan consisted of seven subdistricts (nahiye) and the city of Nahcivan that had twelve quarters (mahalle). The subdistricts were Gökçe, Mevâzi-i Hatun, Dereşahbûz, Arslanlu, Karabağ, Dereçam, and Bazarçayı. The economic life in the Nahcivan sanjak was based on agriculture and animal husbandry. The revenues from the sanjak – direct incomes of some of the villages and the salt mines and the taxes that were collected from council tax (ihtisab), dyeing place (boyahâne), candle mill (şemhâne), market dues (bâc-ı bazar), custom dues (tamgâ-i siyah), and poll-tax (cizye) - were all transferred to the imperial treasury as the revenues (hass) of the sultan. Besides, some of the villages were granted to the janissaries that were stationed in the garrisons of the Revan and Nahcivan fortresses in the form of timar and zeamet in an exchange of their regular salaries (ulufe).

1833 SİVAS NÜFUS DEFTERLERİ KAYITLARINA GÖRE KALİFİYE İŞGÜCÜ GÖÇÜ VE BUNLARIN MESLEKİ, YAŞ ve GİDİLEN YER ÖZELLİKLERİ

Author(s): Üyesi Sezgin Zabun / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 39/2018

The source of this work is the 2400 population book of Sivas. In this book, information such as occupations, ages, which groups pay taxes, housing property, rent, who is going to work, whether or not they went to work, and so on. We can have information about the economic situation from which revenue group the people give the Cizye tax and whether it is the property of the house. Moving from the places where the workers went to work, it is possible to get an idea about the centers of attraction, employment-generating zones that have been labor-migrating. The records taken from the Ottoman archives of the Prime Ministry were read and classified.

1893 Şikago Dünya Fuari’nda Osmanli Hipodromu Ve Şirket-İ Hamidiye

Author(s): Ahmet Samil Gürler / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 65/2011

The topic of Ottoman hippodrome which was a part of Ottoman exposition in the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair is tried to be researched in this article. The Company which organised the Ottoman hippodrome was established by Maronite entrepreneurs from Syria and was supported officially by Sultan Abdulhamid II and Ottoman government. Although the shows, performed by Arabian horses in the Ottoman hippodrome attracted a great attention, the company went bankrupt because of organisation faults and financial problems.

2008 Krizinin Bulaşma Etkisi: Bir Finansal Kriz Göstergesi Olarak Hisse Senedi Fiyat Endeksi Üzerine Bir Analiz

Author(s): Ceren Kocabas / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: Special/2016

Contagion can be expressed as the spillover of any shock across countries, and a change in market sensibility. In this study, in addition to the expression of the notion of contagion within the literature, there will be an analysis of the 2008 crisis using monthly data of the variable of stock price indices from January 2004 to December 2013 using the MA(1)-GARCH(1,1)-M method. According to the results obtained, it was observed that there was an increase in stock price volatility in the crisis period, and it was determined that most countries in different parts of the world were affected by the crisis which arose in the American mortgage market, and that the contagion occurred because of the financial channel.

25 години промени. Сборник статии. Съставител Михаил Груев. С., 2014. 340 с.

Author(s): Vladimir Migev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1-2/2015

Book review

438 NO`LU MUHÂSEBE- VLÂYET- ANADOLU DEFTERNE GÖRE XVI. YÜZYILIN LK ÇEYREGNDE HONAZ KAZÂSI

Author(s): Bilal Yildiz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 21/2014

In this study, socio-economic aspects of Honaz Township in the first quarter of XVIth century, which was an important township of Kutahya City which was a state of Ottoman Empire in its golden age, will be examined in the framework of Anatolian Accounting Register which dates from 1530 and numbered 438. The register mentioned above has all necessary sources such as wealth sources, population movements, ethnic structure, foundations, administrative and military structure, system of the state. The main aim of this work is to eliminate the deficiencies by evaluating all data in the register written in Suleyman The Magnificent’s time and works about Honaz and its income sources, settlement, population, foundations, socio-cultural structure of that period and also provide materials which can be used safely and easily by the historians who search this topic.

6-10. YÜZYILLARDA KARADENİZ'İN KUZEYİNDE KÜRK TİCARETİ

Author(s): Engin Eroglu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 15/2018

The fur trade, which runs from the Scandinavia to the Caspian Sea,began to focus from the 6th century. The historical process that causes this situation, began with encounters of some of the Slavic tribes , spreading from the field of Middle Ozi(Dnieper) northerly to the surroundings of Lake Ladoga and İlmen with Fin societies in the 6-8th century. In the 8th century Normans which penetrated to the Ladoga and İlmen Lake surroundings, spread in the direction of upper Idil (Volga) and Ozi River. So Normans arrived the Khazar country through the Idil River and also came down to the Black Sea through the Ozi and contacted the Slavs there. In the following process, Normans and later Russian merchants, sold valuable furs they receive from Fin and Slavic people, especially to Islamic countries under the patronage of Idil Bulgarian states.

95 години от рождението на академик Евгени Матеев

Author(s): Rossitsa Chobanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2015

95th anniversary of the birth of Academician Evgeny Mateev

A "LIMOGES" MOUNT IN EASTERN CROATIA?

Author(s): Anita Rapan Papesa / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Archaeologists are often surprised by things that come to light out of the earth, showing us that people in the past lived a life that was much more intense than we could ever imagine. Unusual finds that step out of frames limited by our imagination often make us search more and dig deeper. Such a find was recently donated to the Vinkovci Municipal Museum (Eastern Croatia). On an unexplored field in the village of Karadžićevo little less than 200 medieval coins and an anthropomorphic mount were found by a local metal detector operator. Coins were easily identified as nominals of the Hungarian kingdom, dated to early 15th century. After examining the mount most similar objects to our item are described as products of medieval manufactures in Limoges, France. During High Middle Ages workshops there produced, in the service of the church, numerous religious objects. What such an object, of prestige for this part of Europe, is doing in Croatia and whether it is a Limoges Mount will be discussed in this paper.

A béke utolsó hónapja a Monarchia Magyarországán (1914. június 28.-1914. július 28.)

Author(s): András Gero / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

The analysis is based on sixty newspapers and journals of the given period. It wants to show the political and everyday life of people in the last month of the peace after the assasination of Franz Ferdinand and before the declaration on war. The essay also wants to show the changing standpoint of Hungarian political elite concerning the outbreak of the war, and the cultural background of Hungarian nationalism.

A brit közel-keleti politika dilemmái (1914–1915)

Author(s): Péter Ákos Ferwagner / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

During the first phase of the World War I Britain made desperate efforts to defend its own oriental interests. The applied methods moved on a wide scale including the diplomatic and military means. However, it was no clear at all among the British decision makers, what kind of strategy should be followed.

A Circle of Impossibility. The Problem of Disarmament, Détente and Security in Polish-Italian Relations (1958–1969)

Author(s): Maria Pasztor / Language(s): English / Issue: 125/2018

The article is an analysis of the attitude within the circles of the Italian Republic to Poland’s disarmament plans in 1958–69, that is the Rapacki Plan (1958) and the Gomułka Plan (1963). Drawing on Italian documents the author examines the attitude of the Italian government to these proposals. She presents the determinants and contexts of both proposals (the bipolar division of the world during the Cold War, Italy’s membership of NATO and subordination to Washington’s policy, the country’s economic and financial problems). The article also contains opinions on Moscow’s role in and attitude towards the Polish peace initiatives.

A Comparative Study of the Perception of Railways among Serbian and Bulgarian Intellectuals, 1860s – 1870s

Author(s): Momir Samardžic / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2015

Our article analyses different perspectives on railway construction on the Balkans among Serbian and Bulgarian intellectuals, politicians, economists, leaders of national liberation movements. Our main thesis is that different discourses on economic development and railway construction were largely determined by the different dynamics of social development in Serbia and among Bulgarians, and their process of national liberation and that various authors approached the issue of economic development, concept of free trade or protectionism and other issues through the prism of their own formal education and/or experience gained by the analysis of their community within the Ottoman Empire, faced with the rising pressure from foreign factors due to the slow incorporation of the Balkans into the modern capitalist world system.

A Daimler-Benz és a Weiss Manfréd üzleti kapcsolatai

Author(s): Ferenc Szávai / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A Dunába vetett vonópad - Adalék a Mohács előtti Magyarország pénzveréséhez

Author(s): János Buza / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2015

Hans Dernschwam, an agent of the Fugger merchant company at Buda in the first half of the 16th century, wrote in his memories that the Hungarian moneyers used an instrument called draw bench (Zieh-Banck). The draw bench was applied to thinning the metal molds (Zaine) which were handed over to the moneyers. In 1526 the moneyers, returning to Körmöcbánya (today Kremnica, Slovakia), threw the draw bench into the Danube at Esztergom. The reason of this act remained unrecorded. News of the draw bench became known outside Hungary as well. Bertrand Behaim Jr, a chief official of mining and minting at Körmöcbánya – and previously chief master of coinage in Tirol and later in Austria – had the draw bench carried to Hall, close to Innsbruck, where the moneyers of Körmöcbánya presented the new instrument in the course of work. The new instrument also came to the attention of the city of Nuremberg. We know from a letter of Christoph Fürer, a well-to-do patrician, mining entrepreneur and wholesaler from Nuremberg, that with the draw bench used in Hungary, two moneyers could do the work that was performed by 6 to 8 of their colleagues working with the traditional methods. It is, consequently, fairly obvious that it was in fear for their living that the moneyers of Körmöcbánya threw into the Danube the instrument which would have made their work much more productive. They certainly had good reasons to do so, for the description of Dernschwam makes it clear that the application of the draw bench made it possible to produce greater number of better-shaped and cheaper coins than before. The fact that the name of the inventor of the draw bench was not recorded, has given birth to a number of hypotheses. The author of the present study is of the view that the inventor(s) of the instrument should be looked for among the personnel of the Thurzó Fugger mining enterprise. It is known from the researches of Oszkár Paulinyi, that János Thurzó and his son constructed and implemented at Nagybánya (Frauenbach; today Baia Mare, Romania) an instrument which permitted the extraction of water from the mines. This mechanical structure was much more complicated than the draw bench mentioned above. The employees of the Thurzó-Fugger mining company were consequently in possession of the required capital and professional skills to manufacture effective mechanical instruments. While the draw bench ceased to be used in the course of the 16th century, its expansion in Europe took momentum after the first quarter of the 17th century.

A francia nagyhatalmiság gazdasági háttere az első világháború előtti évtizedekben

Author(s): István Majoros / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2003

A gazdaság jellemzői a függetlenné váló Dél-Amerikában

Argentína, Brazília, Paraguay, Uruguay

Author(s): Ágnes Judit Szilágyi / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0