Документы о сношениях Крыма с Москвой по поводу одоевского ясака

Author(s): R.A. Bespalov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2014

The article examines the documents of the late 15th — the first third of the 16th centuries about relations between the Crimean khans and the Grand Dukes of Moscow about paying tribute from "Odoyev's cities". These payments were a relic of independent relations of the princes of the Novosil House with the Crimean Khanate, which existed until the end of the 15th century. Later on, when the Novosil-Odoyev principality became a part of the Russian state, the Grand Dukes of Moscow were forced to pay Odoyev’s tribute to the Crimean khans for some time.

Русско-крымские отношения конца XVI — начала XVII веков в изображении Нового летописца (к определению источников памятника)

Author(s): Yakov Grigorievich Solodkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2014

For the purpose of definition of the sources devoted to the Russian-Crimean relations of the 1580th — the 1620th of articles of the Novyiy letopisets of the senior edition the last are compared with other documentary and narrative monuments of that time known to us. This work unlike other compositions of the same genre noted by steady interest in military opposition or peaceful contacts of two countries, allowing to judge estimates of bilateral ties in an environment of the tsar Mikhail Fedorovich and the patriarch Philaret, almost in all relevant articles has a documentary basis or imprinted oral tradition.

Роль стратигов Херсона в осуществлении внешней политики Византийской империи в первой половине Х века

Author(s): V.V. Khapaev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The role of Byzantine theme Cherson strategoi in implementing of the Byzantine foreign policy on the North Black Sea region in the first half of the 10th century is analyzed in the article. The author comes to conclusion that Cherson strategos were responsible for the direct implementation of the Byzantine policy towards Pechenegs, Khazars, black Bulgarians, Alans and Russians. Despite the serious threats and a number of defeats, Byzantium managed to establish a balance of power between the peoples of the Northern Black Sea region. It guaranteed its military security in the region for the period until the year 987. A significant role in these foreign political successes played Kherson strategoi.

Walter Leslie Habsburg-követ látogatása a Portán

Author(s): Özgür Kolçak / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2016

The last point of the treaty of Vasvár, concluded on 10 August 1664 between the Ottoman and the Habsburg courts, declared that the two states would mutually send envoys to each other. Walter Leslie, who departed from Vienna on behalf of Leopold I, was exchanged at the border with Kara Mehmed Pasha, the representative of Mehmed IV, in the last days of May 1665. Tasked with reestablishing diplomatic relationships, the Habsburg envoy spent almost ten months on the soil of the Ottoman state. He held negotiations with Ottoman statesmen in both Istanbul and Edirne. The secretary of the Habsburg mission was keeping a diary of their travels, in which he recorded the resting places where the mission stopped on its way to Edirne; what the envoy did in the towns they visited; and described those events and celebrations that were organized by the Ottoman officials in honor of the diplomatic mission. The paper aims at outlining chronologically the diplomatic mission of the Habsburg envoy Leslie on the basis of the daily reports provided by the mission secretary, Leslie's reports, the memoirs and notes of some members of the entourage, and lastly using information from Ottoman archival documents containing financial registers related to the supply of the mission.

Egy magyar származású francia diplomata levelei krími küldetése idejéről

Author(s): Zoltán Péter Bagi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2016

Ferenc Tóth (dir.): La correspondance consulaire Crimée du baron de Tott (1767–1770) (Centre d’Histoire Diplomatique Ottomane/Center for Ottoman Diplomatic History) Les Editions Isis, Istanbul, 2014. 266 oldal

Első kézből a kilencvenes évek magyar külpolitikájáról

Author(s): Arthur Lakatos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 09/2016

Jeszenszky Géza: Kísérlet a trianoni trauma orvoslására. Magyarország szomszédsági politikája a rendszerváltozás éveiben. Osiris Kiadó, Bp., 2016.

ДОБРОТО ДЕЙСТВИЕ: СЪЧЕТАВАНЕ НА ТРАДИЦИОННАТА ДИПЛОМАЦИЯ С ФОРМИ НА НЕФОРМАЛНАТА

Author(s): Bobi Bobev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2016

This material is not intended to be a research article. It is rather the shared experience of the author in combining his work as Bulgarian Ambassador in Albania (1998-2006 years) and Kosovo (2010-2014 years) with forms of informal diplomacy. This practice has proven quite successful, especially in the Balkan region, where there are no negative examples from the past. It is a major contribution to the main task of any diplomatic mission - strengthening of overall bilateral relations.In their work in Albania, Ambassador Bobev and his team, have received assistance from various local companies and single contributors – Gotmar Co., local branches of First Investment Bank, Hemus Air airline, acad. Svetlin Rusev, art critic Ralitsa Ruseva, sculptor Dobromir Ivan, singer Iliya Lukov, craftsman Alexei Zhalov. Some results of this fruitful cooperation consist are issuing History of Bulgaria in Albanian, repairing training facilities for teaching Bulgarian in Tirana’s university, presentations of Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage to local population, establishing contacts and activity among people with Bulgarian origin.In Kosovo, valuable cooperation has been developed with Glavbolgarstroy Co. - the biggest Bulgarian company represented in the country at that time, as well as Bulgarians temporarily based there as part of assignments in international missions (Daniela Karamanova, Dimitar Dimitrov) and incidental visitors (amateur photographer Dragomir Bakardjiev ) . The results of this cooperation have been vastly dedicated to charity - SOS- village in Pristina, as well as presentations of Bulgarian nature, history and cultural heritage to local public.The author expresses his conviction that combining traditional with informal diplomacy in Bulgarian missions abroad only reflects positively and helps to achieve better results in bi-lateral relations worldwide.

Дипломатические документы Второго болгарского государства

Author(s): Emil Aleksandrov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/1988

Східна Грузія в міжнародних відносинах Російської імперії у 1801–1806 рр.

Author(s): Lesya Goncharenko,Alina Kaliman / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 05/2017

The article explores the role and place of eastern Georgia in international relations of the Russian Empire in 1801-1806. The causes of Russian expansion against the East Georgian lands during the studied period were characterized. The position of the ruling circles of the Russian state in the matter of development and implementation of international policy towards Eastern Georgia in 1801-1806 was described. The influence of St. Petersburg imperial policy on East Georgia at changing international situation of the Russian state in the Caucasus in 1801-1806 was clarified.

İNGİLİZ ARŞİV BELGELERİYLE KARADAĞ’IN OSMANLI HÂKİMİYETİ İÇİNDEKİ YERİ

Author(s): İbrahim Yilmazçelik,Ali Gökçen Özdem / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 63-64/2014

As its strategic location, geography and economy were not given so much importance, Montenegro, under the realms of Otoman Empire following 1496, was not taken into consideration and interfered in its social life as long as it paid its taxes regulary. The position of Montenegro in Ottoman Empire was begun to be discussed in parallel with the transition from tribal life to govermental life and the rebellions aimed politically. Following the beginning of XIX. century, the issue of Montenegro turned out to be an important problem, this issue was discussed in many Congress. Despite not given importance even by historians, the examine of the problem of sovereignty Montenegro which was brought out at every opportunity and carried the international stage will be discussed from time to time. This issue will be examined by using Ottoman archive and British archive sources. Archives which obtained from Foreign Office Archive in London will be put as Annexes.

Argumenty „prosenackie” w koncepcjach ustrojowych klubów Sejmu Ustawodawczego II Rzeczypospolitej w świetle debaty konstytucyjnej

Author(s): Paweł Gofron / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje argumenty „prosenackie” sformułowane przez posłów Sejmu Ustawodawczego II Rzeczypospolitej podczas debaty konstytucyjnej. Zasadniczym celem tego tekstu było opracowanie szerokiego katalogu koncepcji polityczno-ustrojowych odnoszących się do bikameralizmu. W oparciu o Sprawozdania Stenograficzne z posiedzeń Sejmu wymienionych zostało sześć klubów poselskich, które opowiedziały się za modelem dwuizbowej legislatywy (Związek Ludowo-Narodowy, Narodowe Zjednoczenie Ludowe, Narodowo-Chrześcijański Klub Robotniczy, Klub Pracy Konstytucyjnej, Zjednoczenie Mieszczańskie, Polskie Stronnictwo Katolicko-Ludowe). Po zrekonstruowaniu prac w sejmowej Komisji Konstytucyjnej i przebiegu debaty plenarnej wynotowano kluczowe idee i konkretne propozycje dotyczące ordynacji wyborczej, oblicza politycznego, składu i kompetencji senatu.

Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Czech Leader Meets Ivana Trump

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 06/27/2017

Zeman allegedly restated his support for former wife of current U.S. president's bid to become ambassador.

Ziştovi ve Yaş Görüşmeleri Örneği Üzerinden Osmanlı Diplomasisini Okumak

Author(s): Deniz Kılıç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

The Ottoman Empire was included in the modern diplomatic system with the first permanent embassy opened in London in 1793. The developments took place during the eighteenth century were also effective in this decision of the Ottomans. The transition process to modern diplomacy, which started with the signing of the Karlowitz Treaty (1699), was completed with Sistovo (1791) and Jassy (1792) treaties in the last decade of the century.The success of the Ottoman diplomats against the crisis that arises during the Sistovo and Jassy negotiations and their attitude during this period was followed from the contemporary sources. By this study, it was tried to show that the Ottoman Empire professionally used the diplomatic tools during the Ottoman-Russian and Austrian War (1787-1792) and during the peace negotiations. As a result, both negotiations have been described as the last step in the modern diplomatic transition of the Ottoman Empire.

Poseta Milana Stojadinovića Italiji decembra 1937.

Author(s): Bojan V. Simić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

The official visit of Yugoslav Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Milan Stojadinović to Italy at the beginning of December 1937 is considered to be a courtesy call following Italian Foreign Minister Ciano’s visit to Belgrade in March 1937 when Italian-Yugoslav Agreement was signed. During his stay in Rome, Stojadinović met Mussolini and talked about the current situation in Europe and foreign policies of two countries. He was also received by Italian King Victor Emanuel III and pope Pius XI. The second part of the visit took place in Milano were Yugoslav Prime Minister visited industrial complex and military center. Although no new agreements were signed, this visit is vitally important for understanding the politics of the two governments in the following months and years. The press of both countries paid much attention to this visit and informed their public regularly and in detail about it. Leading Italian newspapers Corriere della Sera and La Stampa and Yugoslav Politika and Vreme were in the forefront. Hundreds of articles were written, dozen new photos were made and published on front pages. Italian and Yugoslav newspapers often republished foreign articles about the visit but exclusively theose with positive connotation, considering the visit as a crucial act for European peace at the time.

Diplomatija u predvečerje Oluje. Zapisnik razgovora Milana Martića i Alvara de Sota u Kninu 8. jula 1995

Author(s): Milan Gulić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

Cities against the Iron Curtain? City-Twinning as an Alternative Form of Diplomacy of Socialist Bulgaria and Hungary vis-à-vis Western Europe, 1957–1989

Author(s): Sarolta Klenjánszky / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2017

This paper analyzes the détente diplomacy of socialist Bulgaria and Hungary through the specific lens of their city-twinning movements. From the 1960s onwards until 1989, the cities of the East European countries grew ever more entangled in an intricate web of cultural and trade relations with capitalist towns, especially in Western Europe. Based on the archives in Bulgaria and in Hungary, we will attempt to unravel the practices and mechanisms of that cooperation in order to conceive a global view of communist para-diplomacies. In the first part, the transnational infrastructure of city-twinning is reviewed. Then, we will carry out a chronological, both quantitative and qualitative, analysis of the evolution of twin partnerships, and reconstruct the movements in their national contexts and in the broader context of the Cold War.

II. Gazi Giray Han’ın (Bin Devlet Giray Han) Leh Kralı III. Zigmunt’a Yazdığı Şubat 1592 Tarihli Bitik

Author(s): Mehmet Arpaci / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 46/2015

The diplomatic correspondences which were performed with foreign states hold a significant place within the document corpus from Crimean Khanate that reaches today. Moreover, these diplomatic correspondences which can be considered as the main significant source related to political, social and cultural situation of Crimean Khanate provide us important information about the official written language of Khanate. As it is known, Crimean Khanate is a state sustaining the state tradition of Golden Horde in terms of politics, culture, diplomatics which ruled in the north of the Black Sea. Furthermore, after being connected to Ottoman Empire, the dominancy of Ottoman influence in the diplomatic correspondences of Khanate can be observed. Especially this influence demonstrates itself more clearly in the correspondences that were performed with Ottoman sultans. The official letter that is discused in this article was sent in 1592 by Gazi Giray Khan the Second to the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and it is of primary importance due to its differences in terms of stylistics within the official correspondences of Crimian Khanate. This letter as the other bitiks sent to foreign states differentiates itself from the general correspondences carried out with the Ottomans in terms of language and style. In the present study, it will be touched on linguistic and stylistic features of the correspondences by emphasizing the bitik’s content importance in Crimean Khanate.

NOTES IN CONNECTION WITH ITALIAN PRETENSIONS TO YUGOSLAV TERRITORY

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 2/1974

The Yugoslav Ambassador, M. Pavićević, was summoned on February 21, 1974, to the Italian Ministry of External Affairs, where the Director General for Political Affairs Ambassador R. Ducci, delivered to him a verbal note by the Italian government, dated February 15, 1974, following Yugoslavia’s erection of border signposts bearing the inscription “SFR Jugoslavia — SR Slovenija”. These are the signposts erected at the Yugoslav border crossings in accordance with the constitutional provisions in terms of which the designation “SFR Jugoslavija” on the frontier markings must be followed by the name of the contiguous socialist republic. The integral text of the Italian note, which was delivered to the Yugoslav Embassy in Rome under No. 057/144, reads...

Британски краљ Едвард VII и дипломатски бојкот Србије 1903-1906

Author(s): Aleksandar P. Rastović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 48/2001

Both domestic and foreign historiography has had different views on the role of King Edward VII in the break and renewal of diplomatic relations between Great Britain and Serbia. Whilst some argue that the British king was the key figure in bringing about the three-year isolation of Serbia and the one who most insisted on punishing the conspirators and their dismissal from active service, the others are of the opinion that he was a weak person, and that the key to the problem was in the hands of Lord Henry Fitzmaurice, head of the Foreign Office. The intention of this paper is to show, based on diplomatic reports and other archival materials, as well as the available literature, that neither group was absolutely right, i.e. that the crucial role in the break and renewal of the relations with Serbia belonged to the British political and state interests. King Edward and secretaries of the Foreign Office were only instruments in their achievement.

Uloga Roberta Suttona u sazivanju i radu mirovnoga Kongresa u Požarevcu 1718. godine

Author(s): Nikola Samardžić,Marija V. Kocić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 52/2017

Mediation of Robert Sutton during the Passarowitz Peace Conference in 1718 has confirmed the Britain’s new role in international relations. At the same time France approached Britain, confirming a new course of its foreign policy. However, such approaching threatened to spoil relations between Britain and Austria. From the last decades of the seventeenth century, British alliance with Austria was highly significant, and therefore as the mediator in peace talks between Austria and Turkey was elected Robert Sutton, already experienced as British Ambassador to the Ottoman Porte. Britain expected that both sides will take into account his diplomatic experience and political credibility. His role turned out to become additionally significant within highly complicated international circumstances. Particularly concerned with the Russian military involvement in the area of Mecklenburg and the strengthening of Russia in the Baltic, as well as with renewed ambitions of Spain in Italy, British government sought to simultaneously control and speed up the Passarowitz peace negotiations.