ЧЁРНАЯ «ВОЛГА» И ГОЛЫЕ НЕГРИТЯНКИ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МИФЫ, ГОРОДСКИЕ ЛЕГЕНДЫ И СЛУХИ О ВРЕМЕНАХ ПОЛЬСКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ

Author(s): Zuzanna Grębecka / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2013

Каждый польский ребёнок слышал о «чёрной “Волге”». Якобы именно на этом автомобиле, ездили то ли ксёндзы, то ли монашки, то ли сотрудники госбезопасности, или даже высокопоставленные советские чиновники, которые, соблазнив детей конфетами, похищали их и убивали [21, с. 312-313]. Возможно, здесь проявляется отголосок «легенд о крови» — рассказов о хищениях и убийствах христианских детей, якобы совершаемых евреями, которые затем использовали кровь для приготовления мацы [24]. Байки о «чёрной “Волге”» — один из самых популярных современных нарративов, называемых городскими легендами. Впрочем, в области терминологии современного фольклора царит хаос, отражающий, на мой взгляд, существующие дефиниционные проблемы. Дионизиуш Чубала, главный польский исследователь этого явления, пишет: «В своей работе я употребляю множество терминов. Я говорю: “сплетня”, “слух”, “сенсация”, “новость”, “городская легенда”, “современный миф”. Ранее Дорота Симонидес пользовалась терминами: “рассказ из жизни”, “невероятная история”, “ужасная история”, “вампирическая”, а Чеслав Хернас употреблял словосочетание “легенда факта”. Этот номенклатурный плюрализм указывает на некоторую нашу терминологическую беспомощность, одновременно доказывая необ- ходимость срочного уточнения отдельных понятий» [6, 32]. Также и в английском языке нет в этом плане терминологического единогласия: самые часто употребляемые определения — это «urban legend», «modern legend», «contemporary legend», «rumor legend», «modern myth», «rumor», «gossip». По моему мнению, самая важная опознавательная черта рассказов данного типа — это способ отсылки к их подлинности.

Laurent Coumel and Marc Elie, eds. “A Belated and Tragic Ecological Revolution: Nature, Disasters, and Green Activist in the Soviet Union and Post-Soviet States, 1960s–2010s.” Special issue of Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, vol. 40, no. 2, 2013

Author(s): Georgios Tziafetas / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

Review of: Georgios Tziafetas - Laurent Coumel and Marc Elie, eds. “A Belated and Tragic Ecological Revolution: Nature, Disasters, and Green Activist in the Soviet Union and Post Soviet States, 1960s–2010s.” Special issue of Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, vol. 40, no. 2, 2013.

Mать и мачеха: материнский символ России в легитимации присоединения Крыма к Российской Федерации

Author(s): O.V. Ryabov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2014

Analyzes the background, conditions, causes and forms of use of Russian-mother character in the discourse of legitimation of the Crimea. Particular attention is paid to the inclusion in the rhetoric of the modification of the parent sim-ox, as the image of Russia, bear, carefully guard his teddy bear - Crimea. The author shows how the discourse of legitimation operates opposition Russian mother and stepmother image of Ukraine.

Кавказская война и реформы 60—70-х гг. XIX в. как факторы становления женщин-предпринимательниц в Дагестане

Author(s): Oksana Saidovna Mutieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The article is devoted to 60—70-s reforms of the XIX c. as an important factor in the formation of a layer of women-entrepreneurs in Dagestan. The end of the Caucasian War and the ensuing reforms of 1860—1870-s had a tremendous influence on the development of the Dagestan society. This period is well covered in the works of historians, both pre-revolutionary and contemporary.However, the issues related to the impact of reforms on the economic situation of women and, in particular, on the development of women entrepreneurs in Dagestan did not find adequate coverage. This paper attempts to fill this gap and to identify the role of the bourgeois reforms in the formation of women’s entrepreneurship.The research based on the analysis of literary and archival materials revealed that conducted in the region bourgeois reforms played an important role in the process of integration of women in business. After studying the nature of women entrepreneurship, we came to the conclusion that at the turn of XIX—XX cс.they were involved in the trade and industrial activities, engaged in various types of business activities. They owned wine and brandy enterprises, various craft schools, private educational institutions. The study noted that these women were mostly of Russian or Armenian origin. Among local indigenous women there were practically no women entrepreneurs. Activities of women entrepreneurs were based on equal opportunities principles as stipulated in the laws of the Russian Empire.

The Monarch and the Town. Princes and Kings Versus Kraków at the turn of the 13th and 14th Centuries

Author(s): Andrzej Marzec / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

The paper researches the history of manifold political relations between the Kraków monarchs, the developing towns of Lesser Poland growing into an economically important position, the clergy, and in particular the powerful bishops, and the class of knights at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. In the history of Poland this is an important period of many and varied pressures in the struggle for power and both political and economic prevalence. In particular the paper focuses on the relations of four consecutive princes, Boleslaus the Shy, Leszek the Black, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, and Wladysław Łokietek with the town of Kraków, located by the first of them, and then developing under the royal privileges, until the rebellion of Albert and loss of the political and economic position under the last prince.

The Position of Opava in the Context of Silesian Cities in the First Half of the 18th Century

Author(s): Rudolf Žáček / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

In the legal sense, Silesian towns and cities constituted as early as the 12th century. Up to the half of the 13th century, approximately 20 towns and townlets were established. After the Mongolian invasion in 1241, apart from the economic significance, it was also their defensive role of towns that was valued. During the Middle Ages and the early modern period a rather extensive network comprising altogether 165 towns and townlets was built in Silesia.

РОССИЙСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА В ФОКУСЕ ВНИМАНИЯ ЦЕНТРА СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИХ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ (США): АКТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ УГРОЗ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

Author(s): Aleksandr Pavlovich Korotyshev,Roman Viktorovich Golubin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The paper deals with the approaches of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) to the Russian foreign and domestic policy. The authors underline the peculiar features of the approach utilized by American experts, as well as their mistakes and miscalculations, which are reflected in the US foreign policy strategy. The analysis of the CSIS reports and publications allows to restore the recommendations that this think tank worked out for decision makers in the US. Concerning the Russian internal policy, CSIS experts allocate two main conflicts forming the background of Russian political reality. The first of them is the conflict between the society facing economic decrease and the political elite seeking to preserve their position. The second conflict takes place within the Russian elite competing for the control over financial flows and the levers of governance. These conflicts could be used to influence Russia in order to prevent it from playing a greater role in the world policy. Analyzing the Russian foreign policy, American experts point to the Russian economy dependence on the global energy market. They doubt the economic efficiency and the prospects of the BRICS. CSIS experts offer the US some political and economic steps that could significantly weaken Russia. Despite this fact, they underline Russia’s role in international stability and security. The findings are extremely important for forming the foreign policy strategy of Russia towards the US and global regions of the world.

CINE, GUERRA Y POLÍTICA EN EL SIGLO XX

Author(s): Oscar Ruiz Fernandez / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2014

During the main events of XX century, such as the First and Second World Wars, or the Vietnam War, the world of cinema has changed accordingly. There are many movies offering a image of those events as they were interpreted, observed or seen by the people and the society of their days. These different images depend on when the movie was made, by whom and by which country. It is not the same, for a Vietnam War movie, the 60s, the 70s, or the 80s and the 90s, as not the perception of the First World War or the Second. Ideologies such as Communism, Nazism or Fascism were another key factor for the development of the film industry, especially in Europe during the inter-war period. Links between movies and politics during 1914-1991 are the field of research and study of this present article.

SECURITY DIMENSION OF CAUCASIAN POLITICS OF THE USA

Author(s): Elnur Hasan Mikail / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2010

After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russia and the other 15 independent republics remaining from the former USSR emerged. Russia is still pursuing an ideology which regards these independent republics, being Russia's colonies for 75 years, as its own property. The reason is that Russia made countless investments in these independent republics and caused them to be economically and politically dependent upon each other like a chain. The coup d'état staged during the vacation of Gorbachev in 1990 continued with the independence declarations of 15 republics. Russia, which can be deemed as the continuation of the USSR, did not admit this fact in order to be released from the heavy dept that it owes to these independent republics. The first countries joining the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) were Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. Russia, by signing an alleged Confederation treaty with these 3 strong countries, was threatening the other counties and showing itself off.

AZERBAYCAN TÜRKLÜĞÜNÜN KAHRAMANI MEHMET EMİN RESULZÂDE (1884-1955)

Author(s): Nurgül Uzunel / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 7/2010

Azerbaycan Milli İstiklal Davası’nın en önemli savunucularından olan Mehmed Emin Resulzade, önce Çarlık, ardından da Bolşevik Rusyası’na karşı fikirleri ve kalemiyle savaşmıştır. Resulzade, Azerbaycan’ın Himmet, Füyuzat, İrşad, Terakki, Yoldaş adlı yayın organlarından uzun yıllar başta Azerbaycan Türkleri olmak üzere, tüm Türk dünyasının haklarının savunmuştur.

Морално-етична, съдебна и стопанска политика на ВМОРО към българското население в Македония и Одринско до 1912 г.

Author(s): Elena Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

Even in the beginning and later in the course of its development, IMARO generated a number of program documents that turn in some written rules regulating behaviour, both in its personnel constituted and among the Christian population in Macedonia and Adrianople region. These documents became a kind of “laws”. A system of control and enforcement of established rules was implemented.

Judgment of the Hague tribunal against Radovan Karadzic - confirmation of the greater Serbian Ideology, policy and practice in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Rasim Muratović / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2016

It has been a well-known fact that Radovan Karadzic as the President of the Republic of Srpska and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, was an exponent of the ideology of Serbian hegemony of the Serbian political, military and police regime. That regime was planned, organized and he carried out the aggression against the internationally recognized state, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the aggression and destruction of the constitutional order of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Radovan Karadzic gave repeated impetus and organized political and armed rebellion against the constitutional order of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina having been given the support by the Army of Yugoslavia, which represented the most serious offence in all socio-political systems. The main objective of the aggressive war-mongering campaign, led by Milosevic and Karadzic as his assistant in charge of Bosnia, was the war with the purpose of conquering the territory, expulsion and physical liquidation and elimination of non-Serbs from criminally conquered space. It was committed under the flag of fascist ideological fanaticism of the “national threat”.

Reports on Bulgaria in Chinese Newspapers and Periodicals before and after the Social Transformation in Eastern Europe

Author(s): Zhu Jianli / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2015

Chinese readers pay great attention to Bulgaria since the second half of 19th century when Bulgaria was reported in Chinese Newspapers and Periodicals (journals). There are 5 periods of the reports: from the late 19th century to 1949; 1950–1965; 1966–1978; 1979–1989; from 1990 to now. Generally speaking, the reports are getting deeper and more and more interesting. Today, in days of a closer relationship of the two countries, we should better evaluate the relationship and have more concrete and deeper corporations with each other.

Болгаро-российские отношения после перестройки Болгарии

Author(s): Xing Yuanyuan / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2015

The current focus of Bulgarian foreign policy is the “separation from Russia and joining Europe,” joining the “Europe-Atlantic” system. It will deal with the formation of the “big space” of Russian geopolitics. For Bulgaria it is necessary to balance the interests of Russia, the US and find a better initial position to protect its own security and interests. As a “geopolitical center”, in front of big countries Bulgaria is often in a passive position, but Bulgaria still has a chance to occupy a dominant position, and therefore it only needs to take flexible, careful and practical diplomatic policies.

İngiltere’nin Arap İsyanı Tertibi (1914-1918): İsyanın Cumhuriyet Dönemi Hükümet Programlarındaki Dış Politika Yansımaları

Author(s): İsmail KÖSE / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2017

Arabian peninsula was brought under Ottoman rule after the conquest of Egypt by Sultan Selim the Grim in 1517. From this date onward it was ruled by Ottomans about 400 years. The only exception of Ottoman rule, were Egypt’s invasion by French under Napoleon Bonaparte (1798-1801) and later annexation by Britain in 1882. Ottoman existence in Arabian peninsula ended due to the revolts during the first years of World War First. Arab revolts were the last uprising against the Ottomans that they had to face with. The revolts were plotted during the most difficult days of World War First during the Dardanelles Wars, because of which Turkish soldiers confronted considerable losses and damages in Arabia. Therefore after the very foundation of Turkish Republic, World War First experiences, fueled by politicized Arabian nationalism also paved the way to mistrust of Turkish decision makers. Despite a few periodical betterments of the relations between both sides due to hesitant approaches, for a long time it could not be possible to establish mutual confidence building measures in diplomatic relations.

Списък на публикациите на Иван Венедиков

Author(s): Ivan Venedikov / Language(s): Turkish,English,Bulgarian,French,Russian,German Issue: 19/2011

THE BACKGROUND OF THE DISPUTES OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA ISLANDS

Author(s): Karol Kościelniak / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2014

In the light of the official statements made by the capitals of its coastal states, there is probably not a single centimetre of free space left in this sea, to which a claim has not been issued. In some parts of the sea, the claims of three, four of even five states overlap, creating a truly Gordian knot. The significance of the South China Sea causes that if the dispute over the archipelagos is not settled by implementing peaceful methods and means, at the negotiation table, East Asia region is likely to become a potential source of destabilisation and conflict whose size, in respect to the location and the number of parties directly or indirectly engaged in the dispute might turn out to be extremely hazardous.

Report: Challenges for the Asia-Pacific Region in the 21st Century as seen from the Asian Perspective

Author(s): Jarosław Suchoples / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2015

Book review: Edward Olszewski, Bogusław Zieliński (eds.), Spotkania polsko-chorwackie [Polish-Croatian Meetings], Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2014..

Author(s): Patryk Madej / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2015

Кръпките по дрехите на македонизма

Author(s): Voin Bozhinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2013

The Republic of Macedonia exists on the European political map for more than two decades. For this not short time period, very few things in the young country have changed.