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The scope of tasks of the Municipal Social Welfare Centre in Kraków (Miejski Ośrodek Pomocy Społecznej w Krakowie) and the Municipal Police of Kraków (Straż Miejska Miasta Krakowa), both being local government institutions, enforces their close cooperation that ensures an effective execution of their goals by undertaking actions especially concerning the homeless. Threats from individuals, that are often of physical violence kind, that social workers are often unprepared to face, are inseparably incorporated in the specific nature of social work. To improve their safety and comfort of work, social workers aware of potential dangers ought to peruse opportunities offered by local departments of the Municipal Police operating in their remit. It is advisable that social workers know, however superficially, the statutory roles and responsibilities of the Municipal Police. To facilitate a seamless performance of their tasks by conducting them with all possible safety measures, social workers may request an assistance of the Municipal Police unit while on duty.
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The period from 1956 to 1970 saw the promotion of medical knowledge in the Polish society. Popularisation by the written word was of particular significance at the time. Readers would be given access to popular-science publications promoting knowledge from various fields of medicine. They were authored by both practitioners well known in the medical circles and by individuals without rich scientific achievements. Some of those publications were written with clear language, in a way accessible to the uneducated readership, and provided fundamental information on the causes of diseases, prevention and treatment. It needs to be underscored that many popular-science medical books were published by thousands by the Państwowy Zakład Wydawnictw Lekarskich Publishing House. These books are now valuable sources of information on the activities taken for health education of the Polish society in the Gomułka Period.
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The poster is a combination of graphic elements and a text layer that is informative. Its development in the 1940s was influenced by the socio-political situation of the country, which was rebuilding itself from war damage. In the following decades, it was a narrative in line with the ideological foundations of the Eastern Bloc countries. Over time, the poster became a tool of conscious propaganda by the authorities. Social posters, including those dealing with multifaceted issues of public health, broke away from the monotonous narrative. In the collection of the History Department of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, there are over 5.5 thousand posters of various content and caesura. A small part of them, 80 objects, analyzed in this study, concern activities in the field of prevention and health promotion, documenting the activities of the Polish Red Cross or compliance with safety regulations in the work environment and everyday life. Many of them were prepared by artists associated with the Polish Poster School, cooperating with Polskie Zakłady Graficzne, Wydawnictwo Artystyczno-Graficzne, Instytut Wydawniczy Centralnej Rady Związków Zawodowych and Wydawnictwo Państwowego Zakładu Higieny. Posters were placed in visible places, e.g. in hospitals, clinics, offices or mass media. Their task was to educate the society and develop proper habits in everyday life.
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The articles presents the history against trachoma in Poland after Second World War. The infestation of the country with trachoma felt down from 1,1% to about 0,2% i.e. more than 5 times. It was possible thanks to the use of new drugs, mainly antibiotics and sulfonamides, as well as raising the standard of living of the society and paying special attention to combating the disease in children.
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Aging is a slow but progressive and irreversible process. It leads to old age, which is characterized by increasing unfavorable changes in the body. They cover the biological, mental and social spheres. They affect all organs and systems. They cause, among others: failure of regulatory and adaptive mechanisms, instability of water, heat and electrolyte management, and failure of detoxification organs. In the post-war period, this posed a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of this age group. Due to the specificity of diseases in the elderly, diagnostics attempted to distinguish groups of patients in relation to the severity of changes, which could facilitate the identification of deficits, needs and problems in order to make a diagnosis. The ongoing changes in the morphology, physiology and pathology of older people resulted in specific therapy, both in terms of conservative and surgical treatment, with particular emphasis on pharmacotherapy. The aim of the study was to learn about selected aspects of the development of geriatric medicine in the post-war period, with particular emphasis on the specificity of pathology, diagnosis and therapy in old age.
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The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes of secondary school pupils in Kinshasa towards educational violence. In addition, it had the specific aim of studying the effects of sociodemographic variables on pupils' attitudes to such violence. To this end, a scale of attitudes to educational violence was administered to a sample of 309 secondary school pupils from three Kinshasa schools (Institut Technique et Pédagogique Mokengeli, Complexe Scolaire Cardinal Mosengwo and Complexe Scolaire les Bâtisseurs). The results revealed that 278 pupils (89.9%) had been victims of educational violence during their school career. The results also revealed a trend towards the normalization of acts of physical violence. However, acts of verbal and psychological violence were not tolerated by the subjects surveyed. In the face of such acts, respondents resort to passive attitudes (sadness, resignation, indifference and a sense of injustice). Two of the five variables in the study influenced subjects' attitudes to educational violence (school and experience of educational violence).
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The story of Carmen is perhaps one of the most translated, adapted, culturalized, indigenized and re-produced stories in the western world’s canon. Carmen herself has become a myth, an icon, a strong sign of female independence, eroticism and threat. Although suggested to be read as an Orientalistic story of a femme fatale, later readings and reproductions have turned the story of Carmen into a discourse regarding gender, class, race and systems of power. “Whether the adaptation portrays Carmen as victim or victimizer, in short, depends on the politics of the particular contexts of creation and reception” (Hutcheon 2006: 154). This study, however, does not aim to contribute to this vast discourse on femininity, sexuality and violence1, all issues raised by Carmen’s story, but rather track the adaptations and trace the cultural ideologies manifested through female representation. Women in culture, in this case Carmen, act as a counter mirror, reflecting the culture’s Other. Quoting Pollock (2003: 210) “woman is the sign, not of woman, but of that Other in whose mirror masculinity must define itself ”. In this case study of Carmen’s adaptations, cultural semiotic theory will be used as a methodological and analytical tool in the attempt to understand how the sign “woman” is used almost metonymically as the embodiment of counter-culture.The story of Carmen is perhaps one of the most translated, adapted, culturalized, indigenized and re-produced stories in the western world’s canon. Carmen herself has become a myth, an icon, a strong sign of female independence, eroticism and threat. Although suggested to be read as an Orientalistic story of a femme fatale, later readings and reproductions have turned the story of Carmen into a discourse regarding gender, class, race and systems of power. “Whether the adaptation portrays Carmen as victim or victimizer, in short, depends on the politics of the particular contexts of creation and reception” (Hutcheon 2006: 154). This study, however, does not aim to contribute to this vast discourse on femininity, sexuality and violence1, all issues raised by Carmen’s story, but rather track the adaptations and trace the cultural ideologies manifested through female representation. Women in culture, in this case Carmen, act as a counter mirror, reflecting the culture’s Other. Quoting Pollock (2003: 210) “woman is the sign, not of woman, but of that Other in whose mirror masculinity must define itself ”. In this case study of Carmen’s adaptations, cultural semiotic theory will be used as a methodological and analytical tool in the attempt to understand how the sign “woman” is used almost metonymically as the embodiment of counter-culture.
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Eva-Sabine Zehelein we wprowadzeniu do publikacji Family in Crisis? stwierdza: Rodziny, we wszystkich swoich wielobarwnych odsłonach i stylach życia — jedno- i wielopokoleniowe, z hetero-, homo- lub transseksualnymi dorosłymi/rodzicami — są fundamentalnymi i niezbywalnymi elementami życia i aktywności społecznej. […] Rodziny są więc idealnym pryzmatem, przez który można obserwować najważniejsze współczesne zjawiska, zarówno narodowe, jak i międzynarodowe czy ponadnarodowe, ba, nawet zjawiska globalne, ich wzajemne powiązania i kryzysy, i poddawać je pod dyskusję. Wierzymy, że badanie problematyki rodzinnej wymaga perspektywy interdyscyplinarnej i ujęcia przekrojowego. Takie przedsięwzięcie może wydawać się kontrowersyjne, ma jednak zasadnicze znaczenie dla kształtowania przyszłości naszych społeczeństw. (Zehelein 2020: 9, przeł. A.Z.)
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This editorial outlines the current state of familological studies in Poland, with particular focus on cultural, literary and gender studies. Being a complex research subject, the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the family in its many forms and models needs emphasising. The ongoing debate on the family model in Poland, including political discourse, builds the context for scientific familological studies across all disciplines. The changes proposed by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science, i.e., establishing a new field of study called ‘family studies’ is testament to the significance of the subject. However, it also forces one to reflect upon the temptation to politicise familological discourse in Poland. The editorial also reviews certain texts included in this issue of “Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich” [“The Problems of Literary Genres”], which is devoted to family literature and includes articles on family-themed novels (sagas), (auto)biographical works, reportage, pathography, family relationships and their artistic representations. When analysing the submitted articles and overall contribution of this issue, this editorial also considers both the reasons behind the predominance of women in familological studies and the issues that have been overlooked or insufficiently researched. The analysis implies that more attention should be devoted to the problems of non-heteronormative families and those that escape conventional definitions based on non-biological or interspecies relationships.
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The aim of the article is to present the phenomenon of using the second-person narrative in tabletop role-playing games. Despite its ambiguous status in literary projects, the dyadic narrative is the basic component of the phenomenon of pen-and-paper RPGs. In the introduction, the author briefly introduces the specificity of text-based narrative games and the history of their creation. Then the most popular systems, such as Dungeons & Dragons or Vampire: The Masquerade, were characterized, as well as examples of games created in Poland. To illustrate the phenomenon, official manuals, and recordings of sessions of the most popular Polish artists published on YouTube were used. When discussing examples of second-person narration, the author draws attention to its occurrence in guides and in the statements of the player functioning as the Game Master. The Game Master is a specific narrator of heroes’ adventures, who in his action smoothly moves between different types of narratives (first, second and third person): he describes the scenery and actions of NPCs and creatures, constructs statements of characters not guided by other participants of the session, but also comments on the actions and commands of player-created heroes. It is precisely in this last type of activity that the dyadic narrative is extremely important. In the statements of the Game Master, it manifests itself primarily as a commentary on the actions of the characters, the continuation of the plot after the actions and statements of the players, and when consulting the heroes’ further actions, but also serves technical communication related primarily to the mechanics of throwing polyhedral dice. The use of a second-person narrative in RPGs primarily contributes to increasing the immersion, the involvement, and the sense of interactivity between players.
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The growing interest in remote work and flexible forms of employment is undoubtedly due to technological development (including changes in the labour market) and measures taken to counteract the COVID-19 pandemic. The experience of this period allowed us to observe certain regularities in the field of remote work, revealing its pros and cons. This article aims to summarize the current state of remote work regulations and the possibilities opened up by the home office model. The first part describes the remote work regulations laid out in Polish legislation and the current state of the labour market, which affects the interest in flexible forms of employment. The article then details the new part of the Labour Code, which also influences the current shape of remote work. Focusing on the home office form (i.e., working from home), the author presents an exemplary enumeration of the advantages and disadvantages of the flexible employment models observable today, noting the opportunities and threats resulting from their use. Due to the impact of remote work on various areas of an employee’s life, considerations are conducted on both legal and social grounds. The last section is a summary of flexible forms of work and the chances of their success in the light of post pandemic achievements. It also briefly presents the hybrid work model as a solution that takes advantage of remote employment opportunities while minimizing the visible risks.
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Review of: Omer Bartov: Tales from the Borderlands. Making and Unmaking the Galician Past. Yale University Press. New Haven - London 2022. XII, 376 S., Ill., Kt. ISBN 978-0-300- 25996-4.
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The article analyses the status of electronic evidence in criminal cases in accordance with certain concepts of the Bulgarian legislation on criminal procedure. The exposition is built on fundamental principles of theory and practice over the past decades, as well as on some new legal provisions during the last five years.
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In today's risky technical systems such as vessels, crew safety, safe and healthy working conditions, environmental protection and shipping efficiency are of key importance. This document presents the study results of the ships working environment factors, in specific – the noise, produced by different kind of machines and the influence on the ship's crew. Measurements and tests are carried on a cruise vessel. Certified devices are used, which are described in the exhibition.
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The topic of health and safety working conditions is of extreme importance and wide applicability in all spheres of shipping. The integration of safety and health at work as an element of the overall policy for the development of maritime transport represents a basic approach for the successful implementation of the new standards, to ensure sustainable development and efficiency.
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Frequent alterations, unpredictable workloads, and blurred lines between professional and personal life all contribute to adverse effects on mental health. As a result, there is a growing need for managers to be attuned to their employees' emotional well-being and to cultivate the ability to openly, safely, and confidentially address mental health matters. Training in mental health awareness can equip managers with the skills to recognize early signs of common mental health conditions, engage in conversations about mental health, and actively promote well-being to prevent mental health challenges. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mental health intervention on self-compassion and stigmatisation attitudes among leaders and their followers. The present study is a part of a large European research project. A pre-post research design was implemented in two Czech SMEs to investigate the effect of mental health awareness training on leaders and their followers. The research focuses on two dependent variables – self-compassion as a personal resource and stigmatisation as the attitude towards mental health. The moderating role of learning transfer and the opportunity to use the training was taken into account. For the leaders, the results indicate a statistically significant increase in self-compassion and a decrease in stigmatising attitudes toward mental health issues. There is no statistically significant moderating role of training transfer variables. For the followers, a statistically significant change was evident in decreased stigmatising attitudes. The results need to be interpreted in the context of organisational changes that both companies went through during the research project resulting in more stress, workload, and drop-outs.Implications for the Central European audience: There is a need for knowledge on how to prevent well-being-related problems in a changing world with more remote work and more mental health issues. The present study adds to this need by exploring the effect of mental health awareness training on two organisational levels – leaders and their followers. The practical contribution of this research is to provide specific recommendations on how to stimulate mental health awareness for leaders through training interventions and thus promote employee well-being.
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Testimonial knowledge includes both sense-based experiences and mental knowledge that an epistemic agent has acquired in relation to any fact or event occurring now or in the past. Testimonial knowledge has an important function in daily life practices and judicial situations. As witnesses, we construct our beliefs through statements and expressions made by other minds in the social world; testimony is a social epistemic practice. The status of testimony also has a socio-epistemic dimension in the sense that it expresses an interaction with respect to the degree of truth of social phenomena. Social testimony, which is an element of social epistemic construction, and expert testimony, which is a version of it, have a functional role in social epistemic justification and strengthening our social epistemic evidence. Alvin I. Goldman, a moderate social epistemologist, explains testimonial knowledge social epistemical by considering it within the framework of a protective socio-epistemic approach that derives its justification from epistemic elements. Because the essence of testimony, which is based on an individual doxastic basis, even within a social context, initially provided its basic arguments and justifications from internal/mental abilities. However, it is possible for testimonial knowledge to enter a socio-epistemic context from an individual context by establishing a relationship between individual epistemic cognition and practices in the social world. Testimonial knowledge can be obtained in an ordinary way in social life, as well as in a formal sense, subject to certain rules or regulations. In this respect, the field of realization of socio-epistemic testimonies emerges more clearly in expert testimonies.
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This article focuses on the role of the educational counselor in the teacher-student relationship, in thecontext of current social and educational changes. The importance of assertive communication between teacherand students is emphasized, compared to the relationship based on authority in the past. The purpose of thisarticle is to analyze the impact of teaching staff as an educational advisor in providing appropriate careers adviceto students.The perspectives presented in this article are based on studies in the field of pedagogy, psychology andeducational management. The multiple roles that teachers fulfill in the educational process are highlighted,including forecasting, organizing, communicating, leading, coordinating, deciding, guiding, motivating,educational counseling, controlling and evaluating.The paper emphasizes the importance of a sensitive and up-to-date approach in educational counseling,highlighting the need for a deep understanding of students' needs and aspirations. By applying assertivecommunication methods and providing quality advice, teachers can significantly contribute to the training andcareer guidance of their students. Collaboration between teachers, school psychologists and other stakeholdersis necessary to ensure effective support in career decision-making and ongoing student development.
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Review of: Loredana Jumară, Magia și vrăjitoria. Eseu asupra imaginarului țărănesc într-un sat vâlcean, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Mega, 2022, 242 p.
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