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A közérdekű önkéntes tevékenység mint munkavégzési forma szabályozásának elemzése

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Zugor / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2022

An important principle of the sociology of law is that law is the written rule of social coexistence, and it determines the daily functioning and movement of social groups and individuals. But as society changes, law must change accordingly. If legislators wish to provide a supportive environment in areas of dynamic change and externalities such as the non-profit sector and volunteering, they must increasingly resort to innovative techniques and invent new forms and methods of employment or financing that did not exist before. In Hungary, the legal regulation of volunteering for the public interest (Act LXXXVIII of 2005) has existed for 15 years and has been amended dozens of times (mostly for technical reasons), but it has not yet been comprehensively revised, while the motivation, the economic and social environment, and - in many cases - the target of the volunteer activity has changed significantly. In my study, I will review the regulation of volunteering as contractual work and compare it with the Civil Code and the Labor Code, highlighting several inconsistencies.

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A MAIN SOLUTION FOR PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT IN THE 22ND CENTURY

Author(s): Mirko Pečarič / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Article researches the capacity of national and supranational levels for the governing and managing of global problems. Consumerism and profit per se have brought the world into the collision with nature and people’s ability to cooperate with each other, disregarding their selfish and personal interests. Today’s inability to rule the world is shown in national interests: states still manage their affairs regardless of the interests of other states. Global problems are beyond that; better sooner than latter, one has to respond to Nietzsche’s question of managing the whole world with the formal proposition to strengthen the United Nations that is better than an arbitrary coalition of powerful states, other global power structures, or corporation elites. We should not wait for the new world war to bring more effective ways for solving global problems, because their current negative effects speak themselves in favour for the new global order. Paper is based on thoughts of great thinkers and favours the path to global constitution and federation of states, which could be possible to achieve if the UN will put democratic elements in most of its operations at first in its institutions.

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A Nemzeti Önkéntes Stratégia (2012-2020) mérlege - eredmények, adósságok

Author(s): Anna Mária Bartal / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2021

While in the Hungarian volunteering an epoch came to its end in 2020, as on this date the eight-year period of the first National Voluntary Strategy (NVS) was closed, this strategy has not been widely discussed and evaluated. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to assess both achievements and shortcomings of the NVS (2012-2020) via analysing its objectives and performance indicators. According to our results, the primary goals of NVS, namely, to spread the concept of volunteering, to develop extensively the sector and to increase the proportion of volunteers among the 18-26-years-olds and over 60 years olds were adequate and responded appropriately to the contemporary situation of volunteering in Hungary. The analysis of the performance indicators, however, confirmed the goals of the extensive development of volunteering only partially and particularly in case of the key target groups they were fulfilled to a very limited extent. Moreover, the NVS has left many shortcomings, which at the same time pose enormous challenges to the new strategy for the period of 2021 of 2030, such as solving the problem of the short versus long-term strategy, formulating clear and well-understood messages with regard to volunteering, striking the right balance between extensive development and qualitative renewal, achieving a greater recognition of volunteering’s economic role, setting differentiated development and strategic goals for a diverse sector, and, finally, facing the impacts of the pandemic on voluntary sector.

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A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF HORTICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ON PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN’S SELF-CONCEPT, WELL-BEING AND EFFECTIVENESS

Author(s): Mei-Lun Chen,Shi-Jer Lou,Wei-Fang Tsai,Chih-Cheng Tsai / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2014

This study adopts both quantitative and qualitative methods. There are 23 subjects in the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received the “Green Giant Growth Group” test once a week for a total of 7 times. The measurement tools were scale of self-concept, Chinese well-being and horticultural effectiveness. With respect to data analysis, the researcher adopted descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance. Feedback and interviews were included in the qualitative analysis. According to the findings of this study, horticultural activities can enhance students’ self-concept, sense of control, self-satisfaction, sense of achievement and social skills. Based on the results of interviews, by participating in horticultural activities, students increase their interpersonal relationship skills. Their behaviors match social norms, and they are more responsible, open-minded and peaceful. In line with previous research findings, this study proposes suggestions for future researchers to apply horticultural activities in education or guidance.

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After American Exceptionalism: 21st century „Thucydides trap”

Author(s): Bogdana N. Koljević Griffith / Language(s): English,Serbian / Issue: 1/2022

In the centre of this interdisciplinary investigation is the issue of primary political, philosophical and social foundations of the project of liberal hegemony – as well as real-political end of this discourse in the 21stcentury. The politics of interventionism and human rights is opposed to the politics of sovereignty in such a way that the structural difference between the 20th century Western elitism and the perspective of the multipolar world is the differentiation between hierarchical systems of power and politics of equality. The constitutive part of these processes is “the rebirth of history” through which a more just order is to be established and political consequences for the world will significantly depend on whether crypto-idealistic i.e., “Wilsonian school” will prevail in the USA. Therefore, the issue whether it is possible to avoid “Thucydides Trap” in the 21st century refers to the difference between “necessary America” and “independent America”. Multipolarity as the basis of true multilateralism appears as a potentially new model for the implementation of the politics of sovereign equality.

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Akuzmatyczność filmowych efektów dźwiękowych. Medialna mistyfikacja foley w kontekście sound designu

Author(s): Szymon Nożyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4 (50)/2021

The text is about the foley profession, an important specialty performed as part of film sound design, at the post-production stage. What’s important here is both, the foley artist’s body, which becomes an instrument, and the ontology of created sounds, which are inserted into the finished film and synchronized with the picture. The author wonders if there is still a place for foley artists in the digital reality and common computerization of work. But the most important issue concerns the nature of sounds themselves, in the context of their production, acousmatics and the ubiquitous sound design.What is the sound implemented into the picture, does the picture give credence to the sound, even though the sound is “substituted” because it is produced in the studio? The situation is debatable, in the context of acousmatic listening (i.e. without the context of the source), because the picture provides a substitute context for the sound, and the viewer (listener) accepts this audio-visual relationship without reservation (as long as the sound is prepared well). Especially since by going to the cinema, the viewer agrees to a form of manipulation in the name of entertainment. Usually he or she is not aware of the mystification in the field of sound, which - within the oculocentric perception ‒ for him or her is only a complement to the picture, although, in fact, it plays a fundamental role in understanding what is happening on the screen. Other topics discussed in the text concern the communicativeness of sound and the historical background of the foley profession. Also important are the interrelations between foley and sound design and other areas of sound activity, as part of the preparation of all the audio layers of a film.

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Alienation as a source of political decomposition of society

Author(s): Petar M. Matić,Miša S. Stojadinović / Language(s): English,Serbian / Issue: 1/2022

There are plenty of challenges brought by modern society. Globalisation, modernisation, transition processes, social conflicts and off-the-charts development of technology have resulted in the world changing at overwhelming rates on a daily basis. In such circumstances, the individual finds himself/herself alienated from society. The aim of this paper is to analyse the complexities of the phenomenon of alienation in political theory, as a significant indicator of the collapse of democratic institutions. Following a detailed analysis of theories that are relevant for understanding political alienation, the paper at the same time presents experiences and perspectives of relevance for comprehending political alienation in the Republic of Serbia.

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Alman Askerî Sosyolojisi: Gelişim, Kurumsallaşma ve Sınırlılıklar

Author(s): Uğur Berk KALELİOĞLU / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 41/2022

Military sociology in Germany showed itself in the studies after the Second World War, and as in most countries of the world, American sociological models formed the basis of early German Military Sociology. In particular, the work of Janowitz and Huntington has had a significant impact on German Military Sociology. In addition, research centers funded by the German Armed Forces and publicly-funded foundations, often affiliated with a German political party, carried out military sociological research at certain times. The studies carried out in these centers were not limited to applied research on urgent military problems, but also basic, theory-oriented research on the relationship between the army and society. In this article, the foundational motives, academic institutionalization adventure and basic methodological and theoretical orientation of German Military Sociology are examined. In addition, compared to its Anglo-Saxon counterpart, inadequacies of German Military Sociology through the eyes of German military sociologists are discussed. This study aims to contribute to military sociology studies, which are few in number in Turkish literature. It is also evaluated that along with the American Military Sociology, German Military Sociology can also offer an alternative for research in Turkey.

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ALTERNATIVE COMMUNITIES IN RURAL SPACES. A WORLD OF OTHERS

Author(s): Angel Paniagua / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This contribution is an analysis of difference between alternative communities and a case study of others in a community of others. There is no academic consensus in the geographical field about others ruralities. Through the exam of the alternative spaces is possible to advance in the interpretation of the difference and the others. We seek to give a big picture of the alternative communities in depopulated areas and the differences between them. The alternative communities grouped in the Red Iberica of Ecoaldeas are the empirical example with a specific case study: Tierras Altas in Soria (Spain). The technique of investigation in the documentary interpretation of its own sources: leaflets, advertisements, propaganda and information leaflets. A systematic inventory and analysis of the journalistic reports on these initiatives is a secondary source. In addition, geo-ethnographic methods are used in the case of study. The study reveals different –and even contrasted- types of rural alternatives in Spain, based in new form of difference/alternative (rural) lives in a specific and special place and singular housing. It are concluded that among the other alternatives there is no convergence in its self-definition, an open category. It constitutes the symbiosis between nature, community and individual. The relationship between others alternatives and the nature/land is a central element in the discourse, tactics and strategies. In addition, social exclusivity is one of the characteristics of many alternative settlements. It eliminates the conflict between traditional rural communities and new comers.

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Analogies between Chemical Reactions and Quality of Workplace Environment

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Analogies between Chemical Reactions and Quality of Workplace Environment

Author(s): Angel Berna,Gonzalo Miranda / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Analogies are useful to deepen understanding of the object of study. Chemical reactions have an interesting behaviour, for a better comprehension they could be related with the real live situations. Thinking about the work organization problems is an important part of the learning. We try to find a connection between these two areas.

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Angela Brașoveanu et Roman Rybaleov, Moldova: oameni, locuri, bucãtãrie și vin

Author(s): Tatiana Poting / Language(s): French / Issue: Suppl. 2/2021

Angela Brașoveanu et Roman Rybaleov, Moldova: oameni, locuri, bucãtãrie și vin (Moldavie: des gens, des lieux, une cuisine et du vin) Chișinău, Cartier, 2018

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ANTISEMITISM AS AN INADMISSIBLE SOCIAL PHENOMENON

Author(s): Nikolai Mihailov / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2021

Antisemitism is a dangerous and destructive ideology based on incitement to hatred of the Jewish people and is associated with their persecution, discrimination, and in the variation of Nazi antisemitism - with their physical destruction and extermination. Despite the destructive and absurd ideas of this stereotype of national and racial hatred, it is very persistent and people still sometimes experience its consequences. Apart from rumors, conspiracy theories and outdated and denied notions of "world Jewry", these ideas, which are detrimental to humanism and freedom, are sometimes disseminated in the form of "science" or "journalism", "opinion", very often using the power of contemporary media. The word antisemitism always means hatred against Jews in the context of modernity. An important element of contemporary antisemitism is the identification of Jews with finance, urbanization, and especially capitalism. Different "scientific" explanations about “interiorness” of the Jews have had a strong influence on German society since the first decades of the 20th century, an influence that underlies the ideology that led to the brutal policy of the "final decision". The danger of spreading such misanthropic ideas in the form of some kind of "education" and under the guise of "scientifically-based" antisemitism has not passed today. That is why the emphasis on education of students, doctoral students, etc. is extremely important: they should learn not only about the tragic events of the Holocaust, but also to build a critical view of all those preconditions - historical, social, cultural, intellectual – that led to the emergence of racial theories, "explaining" social processes and leading to catastrophic and horrific cruelty events.

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ASSESSMENT OF SEXUALITY OF PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES

Author(s): Senad Mehmedinović / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

The aim of the study was to assess the sexuality of persons with physical disabilities and to determine whether there were differences in relation to the respondents of typical development. The study included a sample of 60 respondents, over the age of 16. The total sample is divided into two sub-samples, of which the first sub-sample consists of persons with physical disabilities (N = 30) and the second sub-sample consists of persons of typical development (N = 30). For the purpose of the assessment of sexuality, the Sexuality Assessment Instrument was used. In order to verify the set study aim, a chi-square test for an independent sample of respondents was applied. Considering the results of the research, it can be concluded that people (of typical development) without disabilities experienced more French kissing but also regretted kissing. Persons (of typical development) without disabilities have experienced kissing against their will, while persons with physical disabilities have experienced the touching of the genitals of another person against their will.

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ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL DISTANCE TOWARDS PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES

Author(s): Vesna Bratovčić,Amela Teskeredžić,Alma Dizdarević,Hurma Begić Jahić / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of the wider public towards persons with physical disability and determine the situation and the level of social distance towards this population of people with physical disabilities. The aim of the research was to determine the difference in the attitudes and the state of social distance in relation to age of persons covered by this study. The sample (N = 339) consisted of people of different ages, gender, qualifications and occupations chosen randomly from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The only criterion for the selection of the sample implies that these are people who have no personal or professional contact with persons with disabilities. The scale of social distance (Ouellette-Kuntz, Burge, Brown, Arsenault, 2010) for the purpose of this study was adapted in the sense that the required statements and opinions of respondents to people with physical disabilities, rather than to people with intellectual disabilities. Research data were processed by methods of non-parametric statistics. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. To investigate the influence of age on the respondents' attitudes towards persons with physical disabilities, cross - tabulation analysis was used, and for testing the significance of differences between the studied variables chi-square tests were used. The research results indicate that the majority of respondents showed a positive attitude and a low level of social distance towards persons with physical disabilities, although there is a smaller percentage of respondents who expressed negative attitudes and high levels of social distance. From the results of cross-tabulation analysis and chi-square test, it can be seen that there was no statistically significant difference in attitudes towards people with physical disabilities in relation to age of the respondents. With the increasing intimacy in the sentence or statement of the scale, the level of social distance among the respondents was increased too.

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Az elkötelezettek, a csalódottak, a tapasztalatszerzők és akik megpróbálták - az orvos- és egészségtudományi hallgatók COVID-19 járvány alatti önkéntességének vizsgálata

Author(s): Anna Mária Bartal,Hajnalka Fényes,Nóra Szalóczy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2021

This study examines the voluntary commitment of 395 medical and health science students in an extremely unique situation, in the three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since in Hungary students' volunteering has been encouraged by various financial benefits, we focused on the relationship between their commitment to volunteering and the financial incentives. Based on an online survey, our results show that only two fifths of those questioned had volunteer work with no financial interest. We also looked at how their previous voluntary engagements and the frequency of volunteering during the pandemic had affected their motivations for doing volunteer work. Based on these aspects, we were able to identify four subgroups. The 'committed' - those who had previous volunteer experiences and who had volunteered for several periods of time during the pandemic - were characterised by strong altruistic motivations and voluntary commitment. The 'disappointed', who made up the smallest proportion of the sample, were also experienced volunteers, but showed a weak motivational base due to their negative experiences during the pandemic. Nevertheless, almost two thirds of those surveyed did voluntary work for the first time in their lives in the pandemic situation. Some of them were "experience seekers" who volunteered for several periods of time during the pandemic and were characterised by individualistic motivation and relatively low level of commitment, while the other part did volunteer work only for one period of time and were driven primarily by a desire for self-affirmation that relied on feedback from the professional environment. Our results suggest that volunteering during the Covid-19 pandemic provided the medical and health science students surveyed with a number of positive experiences and reinforcements that could bolster their future professional engagement. Even though they were not adequately prepared for the problematic relationship between patients and staff as well as the external stresses and trauma.

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Az elmúlt tíz év kutatási eredményei a felsőoktatási hallgatók önkéntességéről

Author(s): Hajnalka Fényes / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2021

Over the past decade the CHERD-Hungary research centre has monitored the volunteering and voluntary group membership of students in higher education in the historical region of Partium (consisting Eastern Hungary, the Western part of Transylvania (Romania), and Transcarpathia (Ukraine), and for the 2019 survey the sample was extended to Southern Slovakia and Vojvodina (Serbia). Nevertheless, students from Hungary have made up at least the half of each sample of 1,500 to 3,000 people between 2010 and 2019. This paper not only presents research findings of the past ten years but also reflects on the first National Volunteer Strategy of Hungary (2012-2020). The 2019 survey includes the impacts of the School Community Service, which was introduced in Hungary in the secondary schools, as the first cohort taking part in this programme entered the higher education in 2016. The introductory section of this paper offers an insight into the main trends of volunteering of students over the period of 2010 and 2019. Then, it addresses important questions with regard to definition of volunteering, such as the dilemmas whether volunteering might be compulsory, or it must be non-compulsory, and whether it may also be beneficial to the volunteers or only to those who are receiving assistance by volunteers. By looking at the individual benefits of volunteers, this paper also analyses the changes in the motivations of students. A particular attention is paid to the discussion about the formal and informal volunteering as well as voluntary group memberships of students. Based on these theoretical discussions the paper provides a detailed research analysis via a multivariate model focusing on the background variables which might affect volunteering and its motivations. By doing this, it also highlights the differences among the regions and countries analysed. Finally, this paper makes an attempt to answer the crucial policy question what higher education institutions could do to promote volunteering.

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Az ismerősi, baráti kapcsolathálózatok szerepe a 65 év felettiek önkéntessé válásában

Author(s): Anna Mária Bartal / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2022

María Celeste Dávila (2017): The relationship between social networks and volunteerism among seniors. Journal of Social Service Reserach, 44(1) pp. 38-49.

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Az önkéntesség motivációs elméletei integratív keretben

Author(s): László Dorner / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2021

Identifying the motivational system behind volunteering has long been the focus of scientific research. The aim of our present study is to analyze and integrate the main directions of research in this field during recent decades in a comparative framework. The study also seeks to demonstrate how fulfilling various needs is related to the longevity, frequency, and nature of volunteering. Our study emphasizes the significance of understanding the motivational structure of volunteering from diverse perspectives. The theories are discussed from two-dimensional (eg altruistic-ego-oriented, explicit-implicit, self-determination theory) to multifactorial (functional analysis) approaches, emphasizing that the diversity of volunteer activities and host organizations, the satisfaction with these associations, and the intensity and frequency of volunteer work all contribute to individual changes in motivational structure and to the decision to become a long term volunteer. Based on the current literature, we can state that most volunteers show a mixed motivational base (altruistic and ego-oriented), and that explicit and implicit as well as extrinsic and intrinsic motives play a role in prosocial engagement. We can highlight that the motivational background of volunteering shows great individual variability, and it may change over time. We may also conclude that it is worth supplementing the questionnaires suitable for the large-scale examination of surface structures with a qualitative methodology that allows the identification of deeper structures.

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Az önkéntesség nem elég?

Author(s): Réka Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2021

Since the launch of the Festival Volunteer Center in 2011, it has been welcoming 18-23 years old average aged volunteers who are open to the world of events. In the last ten years, a methodology has been developed to support the implementation of a large-scale, short-term, episodic volunteer program, which has filled a gap in the world of domestic events. The study provides an insight into the challenges of the building phase, presents major milestones such as the HelloMentor training program or the introduction of the fesztivalonkentes.hu online interface. In the definition examination of festival volunteering, we cover the characteristics of modern volunteering interpreted in a festival context and clarify the organization's position on volunteering in a "party" environment. In the last part of the study, we ask questions that the volunteer him/herself may encounter in him/her own environment when it comes to judging volunteering. With regard to the questions asked, the Festival Volunteer Center considers it the task of the organization to help find answers based on facts and personal experiences, in order to get a more realistic picture of festival volunteering in Hungary.

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Az önkéntesség szerepe az európai sportegyesületekben

Author(s): Szilvia Perényi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2021

(eds: Nagel, S. - Elmose-Østerlund, K. – Ibsen, B. – Scheerder) Springer Science + Business Media, 2020.

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