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ИНТЕРДИСКУРСИВНОСТ, ИНТЕРТЕКСТУАЛНОСТ И ПРЕЦЕДЕНТНОСТ ВЪВ ФОРУМНИЯ МЕДИАЛЕКТ

Author(s): Oksana Chervenko,Snezhana VELIKOVA / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This article analyzes the phenomena of interdiscursivity, intertextuality, precedent texts and their functions in the websites forum medialect, which could be described as an online space, where specific language usage related to internet communication is manifested. The main purpose is, firstly, to comment on these functions and, secondly, to analyze their relationship to participants’ linguistic behavior established around a specific news media in the public discourse. By presenting specific solutions, the article discusses the categories of intertextuality, interdiscursivity, precedent texts, and medialect. The illustrations for the analysis are taken from predominantly news-oriented online journalistic websites, and the article analyzes the speech behavior of the participants in the comment section medialect. Based on specific examples, the article draws conclusions about the role of the internet media in the use of the three phenomena and of the manifestations of the cooperative and masking functions performed by intertextuality, interdiscursivity and precedent texts included in the linguistic range of the commentators. The roles of the three categories in the formation of the communicative act and its outcome are commented in terms of topics that are sensitive for both journalists and the commentators of their articles. These are mainly topics that attract multiple comments due to their significance for a group of users or for the whole society, such as ethnic minorities, migration, corruption, political practices, political actors, etc. Furthermore, they manage to provoke the activity, dexterity, originality of the ones taking part in the communicative acts and thus to create favorable conditions to observe web specific linguistic practices; to track specific language usage and the communicative behavior of the addressers in the public space, observable in the internet media.

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ДОСТОВЕРНОСТ, АВТОРИТЕТНОСТ, ЯСНОТА: ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПАРАМЕТРИТЕ НА ЕКСПЕРТНАТА РЕЧ В МЕДИИТЕ ВЪРХУ НАЧИНА НА ВЪЗПРИЕМАНЕ НА ИНФОРМАЦИЯТА

Author(s): Andreana Eftimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article examines the influence of the parameters of expert speech on the trustworthiness, authority and clarity of information in the media. The following parameters of the expert speech, based on research on the specifics of the professional and media register (Halliday 1989, Videnov 2012 and others), in the media texts were observed: presence, adequacy and naming of the sources - expert and informational; presence of professional vocabulary and terminology; complicating the syntactic organization of utterances; presence of international vocabulary and foreign words and expressions; presence of evaluative and expressive vocabulary (metaphors, etc.); use of modal and conditional constructions to distinguish factual from non-factual information; correlation of indicative and retelling forms. A survey was conducted to establish the influence of linguistic facts on the assessment of expert speech in media reports. A survey was conducted on sentences from 14 informational articles selected using the keywords "coronavirus experts". The questionnaire contained 12 multiple-choice questions, grouped into three sections according to the criteria to be measured: trustworthiness (6 questions), clarity (3 questions) and authority (3 questions). The comments establish a different influence of the same language parameters on the sense of trustworthiness, authority and clarity of the content. Their reading depends on the experience, skills and attitudes of the audience to understand the media text.

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ЗАШТИТНИК ЈАВНОГ ИНФОРМИСАЊА КАО БРАНИЛАЦ МЕДИЈСКЕ ПРОСВЕЋЕНОСТИ

Author(s): Miloš Prica / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 191/2024

The media are subjects of the legal order with duty to provide unbiased and truthful public information. All media are subject to public interest, but the content of public interest differs depending on the type of media. As a result of rendering the democratic society and the rule of law meaningless and inconsequential, there is abuse of freedom of public information. The question is no longer how to ensure the independence of the media from public authorities but how to ensure that the media serve the purposes of a democratic society and bring enlightenment in the public sphere. On the other hand, there is a challenge to preclude the arbitrariness of independent public authorities in the process of monitoring the media activities, which is a fatal disease in the state of law (Rechtsstaat). In the field of public information in the Republic of Serbia, there is an institutional imbalance between independent subjects of bodies in the field of public information. Considering that an effective legal form of control over the work of these independent public bodies has not been instituted yet, the establishment of the Protector of Public Information (Ombudsman), as a defender of media enlightenment, would be a positive step in the direction of establishing an institutional balance. The Ombudsman for Public Information (hereinafter: the PI Ombudsman) would be elected by the National Assembly from among prominent media professionals, based on the proposal of the journalists’ association. The PI Ombudsman’s activities would entail control of the activities of the Regulatory Body for Electronic Media (REM), media and other public information entities. The PI Ombudsman would not have the authority to impose legal sanctions but the exercised control of the activities of public information entities would enable the Ombudsman to issue warnings and recommendations to the Regulatory Body and the media, as well as to file motions to the competent authorities on observed or established irregularities, especially concerning the REM activities. Based on the radiating effect that may be exerted by the reputation of this independent public body, the actions of the Ombudsman for Public Information would aim to remove the arbitrariness of the media and the Regulatory Body for Electronic Media, as a necessary precondition for the development of an enlightened public sphere based on polite and reasoned discussion.

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Advocating for environmental law – grounds for its status as an independent branch of law in Slovak legal doctrine

Author(s): Matúš Michalovič,Michal Maslen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article traces the historical development of environmental regulation in Czechoslovakia, and subsequently Slovakia, highlighting the transition from fragmented legal frameworks to comprehensive legislation, notably Act no. 17/1992 Coll. on Environment. It explores theoretical debates on whether environmental law constitutes an independent legal branch, examining criteria, such as subject matter, objectives, distinct principles, regulatory methods, and international dimensions. While advocating for environmental law’s recognition as a distinct branch, the article acknowledges ongoing debates and emphasizes the need for continued inquiry to reach consensus. Overall, it provides insights into environmental law’s evolution, challenges, and potential role within legal theory and practice.

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Impact of Task-based and Task-supported L2 Teaching on the Use of Connective Markers in Learners’ Written Performance

Author(s): Tomasz Róg,Artur Urbaniak / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2024

The current study investigates the impact of two types of instruction on teaching connective markers in learners’ written performance. Eighty-two EFL learners were assigned to two experimental groups (EG1, n = 2 9 a nd E G2, n = 25) and one control group (CG, n = 28). The experimental groups were introduced to a set of connective markers in two sessions. EG1 followed a task-based approach, while EG2 experienced task-supported language teaching. CG took part in regular classes that were not intended to teach connective markers. The analysis of variance showed that instruction in both experimental groups positively impacted the number and quality of connective markers used in learners’ essays, with a slight but non-significant advantage of TBLT in the delayed post-test. The study is timely in that it addresses an inconclusive line of research on L2 pragmatics instruction, investigates the thriving area of task-based teaching, and employs the most often-used type of essay on a nationwide secondary school-leaving examination.

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LANGUAGE ECONOMY: ABBREVIATIONS AND EMOJI IN SOCIAL MEDIA

Author(s): Andrijana Kjose,Mira Bekar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The pervasive influence of abbreviations and emoji in social media communication is a subject of contemporary analysis, revealing insights into their multifaceted roles and implications. Abbreviations not only foster brevity and readability but also serve as linguistic markers, signaling group membership and reinforcing social identities (Thurlow and Brown 2003). Emoji enrich textual content by imbuing it with affective nuances and contextual cues, facilitating cross-cultural communication and engendering empathy in online interactions (Derks et al. 2008). Individuals navigate an interplay between linguistic and visual cues, utilizing contextual clues to infer meanings. For this qualitative study, a cohort of 15 participants, both English and Macedonian speakers, engaging in a total of 150 conversations across prominent social media platforms and 10 posts with comments on Reddit, formed a corpus for analysis. . Textual data, were collected from diverse platforms including Viber, Reddit, Instagram, Telegram, Facebook Messenger, and WhatsApp. The findings show that 1) participants use abbreviations and emoji for the purpose of language economy and the aforementioned enrich language; 2) expressing emotional states on social media is made easier with abbreviations and emoji. We hope this research will encourage other scholars from various discipline to address this topic from different angles.

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Ethical Considerations of Online Mystification and Fake News: Good Practices in the Context of the Bulgarian Political Adviser’s Role

Author(s): Angelina Markovska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The paper explores the functions and responsibilities of the political advisor in the context of the global problem of fake news and post-truth. Based on this exploration, certain conclusions are drawn about the critical specifics of the political advisor's role in transferring good practices within public administration. These practices involve creating mechanisms for detecting fake news and tools for their revelation. The main aim of the paper is to examine the political advisor's position as an institution that, on one hand, manages the flow of information and, on the other hand, facilitates the transfer of good practices in public administration.

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Етиката като предизвикателство: поглед към медийните текстове

Author(s): Marina Marinova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The text poses the problem of ethics in media communication. Some journalistic articles related to the history of Bulgarian journalism were examined. In parallel, attention is also directed to modern media content. The main idea of the article is to present the problem of journalistic ethics as original and still problematic. As part of the research methodology, a typological parallel was made between old editions of newspapers and today's articles. We see that the problem of journalistic ethics has existed as a key issue in public communication since the very beginning of Bulgarian journalism. In our modern journalism, the ethics of communication (public writing and speaking) is still an issue that our society has not fully resolved.

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Fluidity of Image (Photo)Montage in Cultural and Artistic Contexts of the Time

Author(s): Jozef Sedlák,Kristína Svítok Mayerová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The paper explores the fluidity of (photo)montage in image in the cultural contexts of the times, emphasizing the uniqueness of the medium of photography and its ability to transpose the referent as opposed to reality. The text analyses the dialectic between technical mistakes and creative processes that lead to the emergence of new artistic categories and practices. It provokes a discussion on how photography challenges the image. Meanwhile, the processes of spontaneous errors are being examined, including double exposure or accidentally botched photographs for example, that contribute to new forms of artistic interpretation and experimentation. The topic of the imaginative is present throughout the article, from Husserl’s phenomenology to Dadaism and Surrealism, with an emphasis on the transformation of dream images and their interpretation. The component of authenticity in montage and photomontage is emphasized, including how these techniques create new visual identities. The text uses theoretical takes of major thinkers such as Roland Barthes to open up a broader discussion on the ontology of the image and its interpretation, providing a comprehensive view of the transformation and significance of photography in modern art.

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Creative Creatures: Between Art and Anthropology

Author(s): Katarína Slobodová Nováková,Veronika Majdáková,Martina Pavlíková,Aleš Smrčka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The visual capture of the world has been an integral part of the formation of ethnology and cultural anthropology since the beginning. It meant not only a source of knowledge of the local community, but especially of the time at which it was created. Sometimes photographs were taken accidentally during research trips as more or less documentary material, which were only superficially analysed and served to visually confirm the investigated state, or were a targeted photo documentation of disappearing phenomena, objects of material culture, ceremonies or genius loci of the researched area. At other times, photographs were created as a result of purposeful research and documentation of selected phenomena. The result of this is an interpretive openness and an effort to find and establish new analytical and interpretive processes that would be able to convey anthropological knowledge more effectively. Is art, or in our specific case artistic photography, usable for research or for interpretation of cultural or anthropological phenomena? We try to find an answer to this question by analysing the collection of photographs of the Creative Creatures project (subtitled Last Survivors) from Papua New Guinea, by art photographer Martin Machaj. We analyse not only its artistic rendering but also the ethnological, anthropological content and message of the work of art.

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Association of Pornography Consumption with Health and Risky Sexual Behaviors of Youngsters in Pakistan: A Quantitative Approach

Author(s): Shahzad Ali,Ali Ab Ul Hassan,Ahmer Safwan,Muhammad Umar Saeed / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The present study aimed to examine the association of pornography consumption with the health and risky sexual behaviors of youngsters. Two hundred and twenty-four participants (166 males, 58 females) from the public and private sector educational institutions of Multan, Pakistan, responded to the survey. The participants were selected through snowball sampling as it was an uphill task to identify the participants and persuade them to fill out the questionnaire. The findings indicated a strong correlation between frequent consumption of pornography with health (psychological & physical) and risky sexual behaviors of viewers. Despite a conservative society, heavy consumption of pornography on a daily and weekly basis (72%) is associated with risky sexual behaviors, i.e., using medicines to increase sexual power (p=0.045), intercourse with commercial sex workers without protection (condoms) (p=0.033), forceful sex with a life partner (p=0.038), sexual imitation as watched in pornography (p=0.005), and excessive masturbation after every exposure (p=0.018). Psychologically, frequent pornography consumption was related to feelings of loneliness and depression, while physically with a higher heartbeat and sweating on the body. The association between pornography consumption by youngsters and their health and risky sexual behaviors has been well established. Further research is warranted to obtain more outcomes and reasons behind the consumption of pornography content to suggest valuable measures to policymakers.

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How Partisan Media Exposure Shaped Party Evaluations in the 2023 Elections in Serbia

Author(s): Ivana M. Jakšić,Đorđe Gajić,Nikola Vlajnić / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2024

This study sought to investigate how voters in Serbia perceived political parties in the run-up to the 2023 elections and how selective exposure to party-affiliated media influenced their perceptions. To achieve this, the study analyzed the latent structure of party evaluations and investigated how partisan media exposure predicts the extracted dimensions, after controlling for sociodemographic and attitudinal predictors of party evaluations. On a convenience online sample of 1033 respondents (57% female), it was found that political parties are mentally organized into three factors: parties of civic opposition, parties of national opposition, and ruling parties. Regression analyses have shown that evaluations of the three mentioned party blocs are best predicted by different media consumption patterns. Positive evaluations of civic opposition parties are predicted by the female gender, low religiosity and authoritarianism, values of social and economic liberalism, high interest in politics, and following opposition television channels and websites. Support for national opposition parties can be predicted by male gender, living in smaller towns or rural areas, high religiosity, values of social conservatism, and to some extent watching public broadcasting services. Regime-affiliated parties are more likely to be supported by older citizens from smaller towns, who tend to be religious, authoritarian, less interested in politics, and primarily viewers of pro-regime television channels and readers of pro-regime websites.

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Exploring the Socio-Technical Imaginary of Artificial General Intelligence in The Bard Large Language Model: A Narrative Analysis on Perspectives and Dialectics

Author(s): Ljubiša M. Bojić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The 2022 release of ChatGPT sparked widespread discussions on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Through a detailed examination of an interview with Bard, a large language model, the study uncovers narratives of optimism and pessimism regarding AGI's future implications. It found a higher leaning towards optimism about AGI's potential effects, extending from education, arts, and relationships, to economy and space exploration. Conversely, pessimistic views pointed out potential downsides, such as unemployment, political instability, and media manipulation. The study also identified four primary AGI themes - the relationship between humans and AGI, AGI acquiring a physical form, AGI simulating a universe, and the responsible utilization of AGI. These insights aid in understanding the complex socio-technical imaginary surrounding AGI. The study has its limitations as it is based solely on the responses provided by Bard during its test phase. Additional research may reveal changes in AGI discourse representation as the model evolves.

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War Fact-Checking: Strategies and Methodology for Debunking Disinformation on the War in Ukraine at the Demagog.org.pl Website

Author(s): Monika Szafrańska / Language(s): English Issue: 3 (259)/2024

The first victim of the war is truth. During armed conflicts, disinformation is particularly dangerous, and attempts to manipulate public opinion – whether in the form of a limited set of information or even fake news – should be expected on each side of the ongoing conflict. In this situation, the ability to verify information distributed in the media space is of great importance, especially in the context of the contemporary omnipresence of social media. The purpose of the article is to present, in a form of case study, the strategies for debunking false information on the conflict in Ukraine on the example of the fact-checking portal Demagog.org.pl. This analysis allowed drawing conclusions on the functions of fact-checking in the media system, among which the most important are control, educational and alarm functions. The research contributes to the media studies literature by shedding some light on fact-checking initiatives’ role in the media system.

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Conspiracy Theories Generated by Digital Anti-vaccination Communities. Netnographic Case Study of a Facebook Group

Author(s): Bogna Halska-Pionka,Patrycja Cheba / Language(s): English Issue: 3 (259)/2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the emergence of anti-vaccine groups and the dissemination of conspiracy theories on social media. These pseudoscientific conspiracy theories have led to the spread of xenophobic, racist, and potentially harmful information within society. This article aims to address a research gap by delving into the contextual factors that support the development of conspiracy theories. The aim of this article is to recognize the essence and activity of members of the digital community and to identify the contexts (cultural, economic, political, social, etc.) supporting the process of generating conspiracy theories using the example of a Facebook group. The methodological approach employed will be virtual ethnography (netnography), conducted through an exploratory case study of a selected Facebook group. The empirical data were taken from March 2020 to June 2022. To streamline the analysis, the research team extracted four keywords or concepts – “coronavirus”, “COVID-19”, “COVID”, and “SARS‑CoV-2” – based on the frequency of their occurrence in the content. The research adopts an interdisciplinary perspective, drawing upon insights from media studies, social communication, sociology, and anthropology. The objective of this article is to present the current status of the project, which has received funding under the Strategic Program Excellence Initiative of Jagiellonian University.

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Похвално слово в памет на един скъп покойник по повод смъртта на Кирил Маричков

Author(s): Rosemary Statelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2024

In this short text the author, the well-known Bulgarian musicologist and music critic Rosemary Statelova pays a last tribute to the doyen of Bulgarian rock Kiril Marichkov.

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Музеят в хипермодерните времена: основни тенденции в пиар комуникацията

Author(s): Hristina Hristova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The main tendencies and priorities in the strategical and communication management of the museums in the hypermodern times are being examined in the text. In the dynamic context of the epoch, significant changes in the public life related to the triumph of the digital technologies and the transformations in the communications and the marketing are being observed. In the large-scale processes, which comprise the separate industries and draw new perspectives in the development of the organizations from different social fields, the museum as a type of a cultural institution with a rich history, is transformed into an open territory for the new tendencies and successfully implements the tools of the digital PR whose identity is being formed and manifested in the times of the hypermodernity, which came into existence in the last quarter of the ХХ century. In the conditions of increasing competition and the growing interest towards technological innovations, the museums in a worldwide scale, apply new approaches in the communication with their diverse audience and constantly widen their integrative potential. The study is based on the theoretical formulation of the French philosopher and sociologist Gilles Lipovetsky about the hypermodern and hyperconsumerist society.

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Decoding Cultural Treasures: Toward a Restoration Framework for Folk Dowry Chest

Author(s): Stefania Mesteriuc / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This comprehensive scholarly investigation employs a systematic approach merging visual comparative analysis and semiotic examination to discern and interpret symbols and semiotics within historical dowry chests. Drawing from the extensive artifact repository at the National Museum of Bucovina and an analysis of pieces from the storage facilities of the Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum, the primary objective of this study is to decode the visual and symbolic narratives within the context of formulating a comprehensive intervention methodology for the restoration of a distinctive collection of dowry chests, reflecting the rich cultural tapestry of their provenance. The research focuses on the two primary typologies, „Woodworker’s” chests and „Carpenter’s” chests, revealing common motifs, such as the enduring symbolism of fertility represented by the iconic tree of life and the resplendent flora, bearing cosmogonic and faith-related significance, whether of pagan or Christian origin. Notably, the analysis distinguishes these typologies. „Woodworker’s” chests exhibit symbolic motifs contributing to a nuanced narrative, albeit encoded, conveying messages through their ornamental intricacies. Conversely, „Carpenter’s” chests manifests a penchant for aesthetic ornamentation devoid of explicit narative informational symbolism. As generational shifts unfold, the ornamental lexicon undergoes simplification, mirroring transformations in the recipient’s interpretive lens. Beyond academic inquiry, this study holds practical implications for the preservation and restoration of culturally significant artifacts. By decoding the rich semiotic fabric woven into these dowry chests, it informs the development of a robust methodology for the restoration of unique pieces, ensuring the preservation of their historical, cultural, and artistic value for future generations. In essence, this research not only uncovers hidden layers of meaning within these intricate objects but also contributes to their enduring legacy as vital cultural treasures in need of preservation.

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Routledge handbook of esports

Author(s): Mária Koscelníková / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Review of: Jenny, S. E., Besombes, N., Brock, T., Cote, A. C., & Scholz, T. M. (Eds.). (2025). Routledge handbook of esports. Routledge.

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From “Homo Spieldens” by Fröbel to “Homo Ludens” by Huizinga: The Foundations of Human Development and Culture through Play

Author(s): Kevin Rebecchi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel, the founder of the kindergarten system, is a pivotal figure in understanding the role of play in human development and culture. His innovative approach to education, emphasizing the importance of play and its intrinsic connection to language and creativity, laid the groundwork for modern educational theories and practices.

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