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Соціально-психологічні студії в доробку С. Балея

Author(s): Yaroslav Mojsijenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 12/2019

The present article deals with historic-psychological research on socialpsychologicalheritage of two representatives of Ukrainian Diaspora – Stefan-Maksym Balej. Topics of scientific interest of S. Balej and O. Kulchytzkyj weredefined. Problems of group psychology, psychology of crowd, propaganda andideology, status and subject of social psychology, characteristic features ofUkrainian national character and group unconcsious has been analyzed andspecified. Cheracteristic features of S. Balej scientific thinking of were shown.

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A world transformed by climate justice

Author(s): Madita Standke-Erdmann,Alina Viehoff / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

What will the world look like in 2040 and how did we get there? How will climate change, one of, if not the most pressing issue of our times be tackled on a global scale? With these questions in mind, this article invites the reader to perform a thought experiment into the future. Following an imagined snapshot of the year 2040, the reader is guided through major global developments regarding climate change, social movements and, eventually, climate justice from the 2020s to 2040s. By imagining social, political and economic consequences of climate change and responses to them, this article paints a picture of what the future could look like if climate justice became a guiding principle in the struggle of mitigating the effects of climate change. Suggesting a paradigm shift from securitizing climate change to securing climate justice, this ‘future’ calls for a discursive turn of the manner in which climate change is thought of and acted upon. It requires different entities, including academia, to recognize their role as political actors within society. Consequently, it is crucial to reflect upon whose security is (not) considered but also which responses are taken into account in what way to mitigate security risks related to climate change. The article concludes that imagining a future of climate justice is pivotal to finding solutions to the challenges we are confronted with, that is, keeping the metaphoric ship from crashing into the cliffs.

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Die Geschichte und Gegenwart einer ungarndeutschen Gemeinde

Author(s): Dorottya Erb / Language(s): German Issue: 51/2021

The present study describes the life of a Hungarian-German community in the south of Hungary. The Germans came to the village of Großnaarad from the Fulda area in the 18th century, because during the Turkish rule the village lost its population and the German colonists had to start anew here. The inhabitants have been engaged in agriculture and handicrafts for several centuries. Nowadays the village is struggling with the emigration of young people to the cities but wants to continue to preserve its valuable traditions and its Hungarian-German identity.

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Parlamenti választások Romániába – ellenzéki pozíciót ért a baloldal meglepetésszerű győzelme

Author(s): Gergely Illyés / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2021

Romania held parliamentary elections on December 6, 2020. The unusual circumstances due to the coronavirus restrictions resulted in an expectedly record low turnout: 33.3%. Surprisingly, the Social Democratic Party (PSD) won the election with nearly 30%, while the National Liberal Party (PNL) won only 25%, and the USR-PLUS Alliance finished third with 15% of the votes. Another unexpected result was achieved by the far-right, ultraconservative Alliance for the Association of Romanians (AUR). The AUR, which enjoys the support of the Romanian Orthodox Church, ranked fourth with 9%, even though polls had anticipated the party at 2–3%. The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR) finished at 5.8%, and thus, as expected, passed the 5% parliamentary threshold. In contrast, the People’s Movement Party (PMP) and Pro Romania did not enter the parliament with only 4.9% and 4.1%, respectively. There were not many questions left in the five-party parliament about the political direction of the next government: it was clear that only the PNL could form a government in coalition with the USRPLUS and the DAHR, and the government would be supported by the group of national minorities in the parliament. Former PNL finance minister Florin Citu was elected prime minister, and the presidents of the two coalition parties, Dan Barna and Hunor Kelemen, were appointed as deputy prime ministers.

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Use of Social Media for Political Purposes: The Case of Diyarbakir

Author(s): Remziye Erdem,Ibrahim Ozejder / Language(s): English Issue: 72/2021

The use of social media, which has turned into a different area of communication with the developments in technology, creates a participatory, free and democratic space according to some approaches, and can turn into an easily controlled surveillance and pressure area according to some approaches. The main point in these different approaches is whether social media creates an alternative space that increases the opportunities for political participation, provides freedom of expression to opposing views and contributes to the advancement of democracy. In this study, individuals' political preferences and identities of social media political-based use of the axis, effect, inhibiting factors of the use of social media what is happening has been aimed to examine regarding the current discussions in Turkey, in Diyarbakir where ethnic identity is the focus and in this sense having an identity opposing to the widespread political say. Questionnaire technique was used as data collection tool in the study. The survey was conducted face-to-face to 618 people with the method of “random sampling”. Survey forms of 540 social media users out of 618 people were included in the evaluation. The data obtained from the field study were analysed by using descriptive statistical techniques. In terms of the level of political participation, the percentages of the participants towards the behaviours of political participation in the axis of both political identities and political preferences were found to be relatively different from each other.

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The Crisis in the Rise of Representative Liberal Democracy to Populist Authoritarianism with Post-Truth Politics

Author(s): Nihal UMAR,Gencay SAYLAN / Language(s): English Issue: 72/2021

In this century, representative liberal democracy is universally considered as the most perfect political regime. However, it is emphasized that the same political regime is exposed to a major crisis for the last 10-20 years as well as looking for ways out. Pursuant to many political scientists, the representative liberal democracy has the authoritarianism tendency that is defined as populism, and they relate it post-truth politics. It is also underlined that due to the politics with such negative elements, democracy contains paradox in terms of practice and discourse. Political regimes become functional within a certain social structure and it is obvious that democracy as a type of political system becomes functional within global world order, namely capitalism. In the research, political methodology, which studies the quantitative and qualitative methods, has been. This study aims to clarify how global capitalism throws representative liberal democracy into major functionality crisis, and the political and administrative rise of populist authoritarianism through post-trust. The sample of the study consists of academics working as lecturers in universities in Northern Cyprus. The results show that, there is a difference between demographic charecteristics of the participants responses to representative liberal democracy, know about populist authoritarianism and post truth politics. There is also a relationship between the political scientists’ authoritarianism tendency and authoritaritarianism defined as populism, as well as between liberal democracy role over the major crisis and role of global capitalism throws representative liberal democracy into major functionality crisis.

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НОВАТА ПОЛИТИКА ЗА ПРЕВЪОРЪЖАВАНЕТО НА АРМИЯТА КАТО ВЪЗМОЖНОСТ ЗА РЕИНДУСТРИАЛИЗАЦИЯ И ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИ РАСТЕЖ

Author(s): Iliya Nalbantov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

One of the challenges faced by Bulgaria’s 46th National Assembly is to use the process of army rearmament, which is critically important for Bulgaria’s defense, as an investment opportunity for achieving reindustrialization and economic growth. Based on information from publicly available sources, the article offers a proposal for development of government policy and establishment of sustainable mechanism for planning and program management in its practical implementation.

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ГРАНД СТРАТЕГИЯ: РАЗВИТИЕ НА ПОНЯТИЕТО

Author(s): Todor Tanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

For the first time in Bulgaria, the study systematically examines the historical and theoretical development of the concept of grand strategy. An overall attempt is being made to start a debate on the meaning of this concept in Bulgaria, as well as a debate on what grand strategy the new Bulgarian state has had in recent history after the Liberation of 1878 to the present day.

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The Political Participation and Representation of National Minorities in Central Europe: the Model of Intergovernmental Joint Committees between Hungary and its Neighbors

Author(s): Csilla Varga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The paper examines a certain form or regional model securing the opportunity of political participation and representation of national minorities in Central Europe: namely, through the work of bilateral committees established between Hungary and its six neighboring countries (Ukraine, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia, Romania and Serbia). The set-up of intergovernmental committees on national minorities is not a Central European peculiarity, since many other states have established such bilateral bodies throughout Europe. Although, in Central Europe the issue of national minority protection has and is a very much debated topic, and the high number of national minority groups residing in CE states secures an excellent framework for analysis. The examined six committees have been established in the 1990s and in 2000s by the treaties on good neighborhood and cooperation or by bilateral treaties on the protection of national minorities. The importance of bilateral commissions lies, in large, in the introduced development that the bodies involve the representatives of national minorities into their decision-making processes, and into the general work of commissions, therefore, securing the opportunity of participation for the mentioned group of people. Necessarily, the effectiveness of minority representation and participation varies in the examined bodies depending on several factors determining the real efficiency of their operation. The article presents the general functioning of bilateral committees on national minorities, focusing on the selected Central European region and on the work of the above-mentioned six committees.

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Minority Rights in the Slipstream of Geopolitics

Author(s): Ádám Szesztay,Zsolt Németh / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The essay summarizes how geopolitical considerations affected the development of international protection of ethnic minority rights since the foundation of the UN until today. The obligation of states to protect ethnic minorities derives from the values of the Charter of the United Nations. Minority rights played important role in the rivalry and also in the cooperation of opposing parties in the cold war, but the end of communist dictatorships gave also moral impetus to the development of minority law. A significant recent outcome of the European level minority protection is that the European Court of Justice, in connection to a citizens’ initiative, has acknowladged: it is an EU competence to legislate and implement laws concerning minority rights within its own jurisdiction.

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In the Eyes of the Beholder: Analysis and Impressions of U.S State Department Human Rights and Religious Freedom Reports for Serbia, Slovakia, Romania and Ukraine (2016–2020)

Author(s): E. Nemeth Nicole / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Each year, the United States Department of State publishes Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, and International Religious Freedom Reports for hundreds of countries throughout the world. The combination of these two reports provides a seemingly comprehensive analysis of a given country’s present human rights and religious regulations, laws and present concerns as they impact the population as a whole, specified minority communities residing in each country, and recorded human rights infringements therein. This analysis focuses on the four countries in the Carpathian Basin which are currently home to the largest ethnic, autochthonous Hungarian communities living outside of Hungary, specifically: Romania, Ukraine, Slovakia and Serbia. The Department of State’s Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and the International Religious Freedom Reports are evaluated from years 2016 through 2020. The analysis provides a comprehensive summary of the reports and their treatment, inclusion and absence of abuses against historical minority communities, with a particular focus on the local Hungarian communities from a United Stated based perspective.

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Childbearing among Hungarian Women in England and Wales: Fertility Explanations Based on Diaspora-specific Factors

Author(s): Gábor Harrach / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article studies the possible causes of the significantly higher fertility rates of Hungarian and other Central European diasporas in England and Wales compared to those of their countries of origin. The analysis is carried out with the help of interviews with 40 Hungarians living in England, and of data obtained from Office for National Statistics (ONS) on individual request. Among the causalities identified in the interviews, the role of migration goals and living conditions, the new fertility patterns adopted in interethnic relationships, and the phenomenon known as union commitment effect should be highlighted. Furthermore, the relevant statistics seem to confirm the fertility-influencing role of the adaptation of demographic norms in mixed relationships, as well as, the relevance of the proportion of students, as a social group with very low fertility, in each diaspora.

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Political Priorities of Public Administration, Welfare-state and Constitutional Democracy after the 2020-2021 Pandemic

Author(s): Andrasz TERSEK / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2021

At the time of the official Coronavirus, 2020-2021 Pandemic emergency measures and general restrictions on the freedom of movement and the other fundamental human and constitutional rights and freedoms were and still are in place. The question of what kind of world will we enter after the official end of the Pandemic was quickly raised. The problem of fear intensified. This is not only a social problem but also a legal one: people have a fundamental human right to protection against fear. The absolute short-term priorities of public administration in all EU and Council of Europe Member States will have to be focused on ensuring that fear and anxiety do not become a new epidemic. Concern for the efficiency and quality of the public health system should be strengthened and improved. Including mental health care and suicide prevention, care for the well-being of the elderly and terminally ill, people with disabilities (in general and disabled workers), care for children, especially children with special needs, and care for large, diversified, and quality palliative care. Also, a need exists for a changed and improved legal policy regarding the system of education, scientific research, and employment. Last but not least, care must be taken not to take fundamental human rights and freedoms for granted. The health crisis will result in a new economic crisis. It should not be accepted as the end of the Welfare (Social) State. It is a new opportunity to defend social and economic human rights and to create the common European Welfare State. Right now, new ideas are needed –even crazy ideas. We need a kind of utopia. And faith and hope in it, which will be the driving force of active action. The experience of the Pandemic must not prevent or take this away from us.

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CIVIL SOCIETY: A MECHANISM FOR MAINTAINING THE HEALTH OF THE STATE OF LAW

Author(s): Cătălina Szekely / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The state of law represents a desideratum of the modern society, to which one relates whenever they claim rights and freedoms or respect the obligations that come with these rights and freedoms. The state of law knows various developments in different legal systems, as each society comes with its own particularities, but the fundamental principles are the same everywhere. When the state, through its representatives, shows signs of deviating from these principles, civil society manifests as a mechanism to ensure a healthy legal state, a mechanism whose strength can determine the very development of the state of law.

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IANUS BIFRONS AND THE NECESSITY OF UNDERSTANDING WHAT’S HAPPENING WITH OUR WORLD

Author(s): Alexandru Trifu / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2021

This paper’s intention is to highlight the importance to know the effects of the pandemics during history and, at the same time, to predict the possible future diseases, or their variants, their impact and instruments/tools to minimize the dreadful social and economic effects.Therefore, we have to read, to be informed, about what is happening around us in the world and to be prepared to take prompt measures in such cases as pandemics, or when the specialists sound the alarm in different areas. The characteristic of nowadays is that we are facing with a huge amount of information, through media, social media, Internet, different points of view, even from specialists in the respective domain and we are entering in a state of confusion, stress, even fear.The conclusion is that we have to overpass the dificulties and make the right decision, despite other opinions and to support the recovery of the normal activities and, by consequence, the economic and social activities.

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Debate between American Philosophers H. Putnam and N. Chomsky on the Internal or Social Nature of Language

Author(s): Yaroslav Sobolievskyi,Hanna Liebiedieva / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2021

The topic of this article concerns the view on the philosophy of language of two leading American thinkers of the 20th century – N. Chomsky and H. Putnam, namely the divergence of their views on the proper approach to the study of language: semantic externalism and internalism. Firstly, N. Chomsky is famous as a linguist, who draws philosophical conclusions from his linguistic research background, thus immersing himself in the field of philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. His political activity can be considered as a separate type of intellectual activity. Secondly, H. Putnam is a philosopher of science, particularly the philosopher of physics, mathematics, logic, from the study of which he turns to the study of language. Thus, H. Putnam and N. Chomsky got there in the field of philosophy of language; their field of study covers philosophy, linguistics, and political science.

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Választási mérnökösködés és magyar érdekképviselet Szerbiában (1990–2000)

Author(s): Áron Léphaft / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2021

The disintegration processes of the second Yugoslavia provided an opportunity for major minority actors to establish independent, efective organizations and to compete in the emerging political arenas of the successor states. Many of the organizations, such as the Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians, became successful in mobilizing the ethnic electoral base and securing parliamentary seats on federal and state levels; however, they encountered obstacles in maintaining support. The multi-party competition after 1990 was greatly influenced by the unfavorable conditions of the electoral system and the interests of the communist successor party, the Serbian Socialist Party, which unilaterally shaped the political transition in accordance with its goals. The electoral manipulations of the ruling party were manifold, and the ever-changing electoral system disadvantaged the opposition, as well as minorities. In some cases, this disadvantage aggravated independent political representation, and in other cases it led to shifts in power structures within the ethnic community. Some eﬀects of the period on ethnopolitical mobilization have survived to this day in certain segments of the minority scene. The study uses tools of political and electoral geography to evaluate the results of Hungarian ethnopolitical actors during the 1990s. The work also covers the electoral engineering techniques of the regime, which significantly affected the Hungarian community.

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Gespaltenes Polen? Zu der Polarisierung in der polnischen Gesellschaft und ihrer sprachlichen Realisierung anhand deutscher Pressetexte über die Präsidentenwahl im Juli 2020 in Polen

Author(s): Krzysztof Matyjasik / Language(s): German Issue: 30/2021

The aim of the paper is to investigate the polarization with regards to the image of Polish society. The German discourse on the presidential election in Poland in July 2020 has been analyzed. The scope of the research consists of German press articles which have been published in mid-July 2020. On the basis of the analysis, the question has been answered, what image of Polish society during the presidential election has been created by the German media. On the basis of the conducted analysis, images of two groups have been determined which had supported their presidential candidates.

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Între Vest și Est: Politica Externă a Ucrainei, 2010-2020

Author(s): Mihaela Ciobanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

The 30-year experience of Ukraine’s independent existence has shown that the issue of developing its international relations is of great importance and goes beyond the bilateral framework, affects the nature of integration processes, as well as the political situation in Europe. With a huge human, economic, military, scientific potential, occupying an important geostrategic position, Ukraine seems to be one of the stabilizing factors of the new European orders. Russia considers the development and strengthening of the strategic partnership and friendship with Ukraine as one of its central foreign policy priorities. Without the support of its Ukrainian partner, it is difficult for Russia to achieve positive results in European politics, playing the role of an influential power in the international arena, so the relationship between Ukraine and the Russian Federation is essential for both states. The West also sees Ukraine as having strategic and military potential due to its geographical position. Access to the Black Sea and Asia are key to ensuring security on the continent, including energy security. In this way, Ukraine became a ball in the hands of the higher powers, being energy-dependent, economically dependent on the Russian Federation, but with tendencies to integrate into the European Union. A set of events led to the definitive establishment of the road to democracy and European values, but Ukraine had to pay a higher price: human lives.

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Postprawdziwa polityka klimatyczna Donalda Trumpa

Author(s): Adam Płachciak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2021

The aim of the article is to present Donald Trump’s climate denialism as an example of political post-truth, where the facts are of less importance than referring to emotions and personal convictions. Trump’s convictions on ‘global warming’, particularly in their media popularization, played a key role in the production and distribution of political discourse by the former American president and the way he expressed his power. The research perspective is essentially developed on the basis of critical discourse analysis.

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