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“Meka” i “tvrda” moć u islamskoj literaturi političkih saveta

Author(s): Vasileios Syros / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

This article explores how modern leadership theories revolving around the distinction between “soft” and “hard” power are prefigured in medieval Islamic political writing. In particular, it advances a new interpretation of Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s al-Fakhrī (On the Systems of Government and Muslim Dynasties, 701/1302), focusing on the Arab historian’s narrative about the factors that resulted in the decline of the ‘Abbasid Empire and the rise of the Mongols as a world power. It also discusses Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s ideas on good government, drawing links to other major Muslim political theorists and historians, notably Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ and Ibn Khaldūn. Finally, this study examines Ibn al-Ṭiqṭaqā’s views on successful and failed leadership in a cross-cultural context through comparison with Niccolò Machiavelli’s Prince.

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Данъчна децентрализация – подходи за вертикално структуриране на данъчните постъпления в публичния сектор

Author(s): Presiana Nenkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

In local government budgets accrue revenues from various taxes, and the ability of local governments to influence the amount of the accumulated resources varies considerably. The main task of each of the approaches for vertical structuring of taxation in the public sector is to ensure an adequate level of funding for local public activities. At the same time, the design of local tax autonomy is crucial for the choice of policies at the local level and the fiscal and economic decisions made by local authorities. The aim of the present study is: first, to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the three forms of tax decentralization – taxes imposed at the local level, tax base sharing and tax revenue sharing, and second, by examining international experience and vertical tax structures in OECD countries to reveal the extent to which the practice follows the conventional principles of tax decentralization. The results of the study show that the most widely used form of tax decentralization is one in which local authorities are given the opportunity to set tax rates for separate self-use or shared with other levels of governments tax base. Although tax revenue sharing as an alternative to subsidies is an attractive option for financing local public activities, its role is significantly more limited.

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Wybrane aspekty odtwarzania celów w prawie gospodarki odpadami (cz. I)

Author(s): Marek Łazor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2021

Although presented in many different ways in legal regulations themselves, waste management law purposes play a significant role in a legal norm reconstruction. They usually determine the choice of the management method assigned to a given waste stream and the form of protective measures to take. In the case of waste, one classified as hazardous in particular, incorrect reconstruction of the objectives of a given legal regulation may have measurably negative consequences, not only for the environment but above all for human life and health. The legal institutions regulating waste management that exist in the domestic legal system recurrently refer to the objectives and other values of the EU law. Thus they become an element of a broader European mechanism of environmental protection. The importance of values and, in many cases, the over-national character of the objectives strengthens the position of extra-linguistic directives in the process of interpreting the provisions of waste management law. This trend gets also reinforced by significant systemic changes currently taking place in this particular area of law, which is based on a complete re-evaluation of the principles of waste management through the construction of a closed-cycle economy system. The derivational concept of law interpretation, authored by Maciej Zieliński, due to its specific interpretative features, may be regarded as a crucial tool in the process of reconstructing the purpose of a legal norm in this intensely changing legislative area. The inspiration to discuss the issue brought up in the article is the demand, which has been raised for some time by legal dogmatics, to combine the theoretical-legal reflection with the problems of exact legal sciences as often as possible.

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Polityczny zmierzch birmańskiej noblistki

Author(s): Michał Lubina / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2021

Against the background of the dramatic events unfolding in Myanmar/Burma – the military has been pacifying the mass peaceful protests there – the political career of Aung San Suu Kyi, the Burmese Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, the political leader of Myanmar/Burma in 2016-2021 and previously the most famous political prisoner worldwide, is nearing its end. Once the darling of the Western world, then mercilessly criticised by yesterday supporters, Suu Kyi remains an ambiguous personality evoking strong emotions both domestically and internationally. As such Suu Kyi represents a fascinating case in leadership studies. Using the agency-centred explanation in political studies, this article tries to answer the following questions: What enabled Suu Kyi to take power and which factors contributed to her loss of power? What caused her political demise? Why did Suu Kyi enjoy the West’s support and why did she lose it? How can we assess her governance?

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Устойчивост – понятие и употреба

Author(s): Milena Velkovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

The paper aims to trace the process of emergence and development of sustainability – from the idea to the term. It introduces different definitions of the term depending on the contextual use, as well as documents where they meet. The paper is focused on important dimensions of the concept; special attention is paid on the social aspect.

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Либералният реформизъм на Джон Стюарт Мил и новата концепция за свободата, собствеността и управлението

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Либералният реформизъм на Джон Стюарт Мил и новата концепция за свободата, собствеността и управлението

Author(s): Nikolay Alexandrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The article is devoted to a key moment in the history of British liberalism, when, under the influence of the Industrial Revolution, the need arose for a revision of the classical liberal doctrine developed in the Enlightenment. Thus, on the border between classical and social liberalism stands the figure of the British philosopher and economist John Stuart Mill, who attempts to update the basic tenets of liberal ideology. Taking into account the socio-economic reality of his time, Mill set out to revise the foundations of liberal ideology, rethinking in modern times the problems of freedom, property and governance, expanding their perimeter in favor of the masses. As a harbinger of social liberalism, John Stuart Mill argues that the state must take care not only of order and tranquility, but also of the social security of its citizens. Mill's concept of individualism and collectivism in the context of freedom and the right to self-determination is also detailed here.

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Социална среда, обществени нагласи и политически процес: българският контекст

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Социална среда, обществени нагласи и политически процес: българският контекст

Author(s): Svetlana Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The article is an attempt to address and link the issues of public opinion and political development in Bulgaria in recent decades. The research efforts are aimed at highlighting the peculiar transition from socialism through pluralism to populism, where the meaningful participation of public opinion is equal and proportional to political representation. Public opinion is predominantly formed under the pressure of media, but also political (dis)information, in conditions of prolonged crisis of trust in institutions and low efficiency of communication with them, lack of sustainable authorities, underdeveloped political and civic culture, low levels of self-confidence and the sense of having lost the ability to influence the course of public issues and the making of decisions. The formation of Bulgarian public attitudes largely depends on the impact of deficits in the public sphere, the defects of the educational system in terms of building political and civic culture, lack of critical thinking and education, and the internalization of conformist and authoritarian practices in society.

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Вотът на младите. Политическият избор на младите българи (2009 – 2021)

Author(s): Kaloian Iankov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article presents a research on the trends in the political choice of young Bulgarians aged 18-30. The research method is secondary analysis of data from electoral surveys – exit polls and official results of the parliamentary elections in 2009-2021 according to data from the Central Election Commission (CEC). At the first level, the results show who young people are voting for and whether their political choices shift in 2009-2021. At the second level – what is the share of young people among voters’ turnout and among party electoral groups. At the third level, it is possible to see the extent to which the young voter is represented in parliament in the Bulgarian National Assembly.

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The Multimodal Construction of Brexit in the Economist (2017 – 2021)

Author(s): Kalina Ishpekova-Bratanova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This paper aims to show how and why the Economist constructs the post-Brexit European Union’s (EU) image in a string of commentaries published in the Charlemagne section in the 2017-2021 period. The theoretical concepts that provide the interdisciplinary methodological framework within which the research topic – the exposure of the discursive and cognitive mechanisms whereby the global media of British origin constructs the EU’s image and frames the debate about the EU – is explored encompass social semiotics and critical discourse analysis. The findings suggest that through its interplay of headline and subheading, together with the cartoon and textual body, the Economist holds the assumption that Brexit threatens the cohesion of the EU and prompts the drawing of a new balance of interests.

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Cu cărțile pe masă

Author(s): Marian Victor Buciu,Lucian Scurtu,Ștefan Hostiuc,Monica D. Cândea,Ligia Bârgu-Georgescu,Francisc-Norbert Ormeny,Virgil Rațiu,Toma Grigorie,Ilona-Manuela Duță,Maria-Gabriela Constantin,Maria Zintz,Pascal Ide,Gabriel Catalan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5-6/2022

Review of: Petru Cimpoeșu, Scrisori către Taisia, (Polirom, 2021) / Ion Pop, Ferestre, Antologie de autor, 1966-2021, Editura Școala Ardeleană, Cluj-Napoca / Mircea A. Diaconu, Cernăuți. Obiecte pierdute (Chișinău, Cartier, 2021, – 271 p.) / Corin Braga, Ventrilocul, Editura Polirom, 2022 / Marian Ilea, Huberta, Fundația Culturală Archeus, 2021 / Ioan Dănilă, Corina Tîrnăveanu, Bacău, Editura „Egal”, Seria „Recuperatio”, 2015, 253 p.) / Boeru, Bogdan. (2017). Șapte Sute Șaptezeci, Constanța: Ex Ponto. / Daniela Fulga, Fruntea și inelarul (Editura Grinta, Cluj, 2021)/ Ilona Duță, Travaliu creator, schizoidie, himeră în literatura română de la Mircea CĂRTĂRESCU la Mihai EMINESCU (2021), în Editura Universitaria din Craiova./ „A douăsprezecea noapte” de William Shakespeare, în regia Nonei Ciobanu. / Expozitia lui Mihail Gavril la Muzeul de Istorie din Suceava / Father Pascal Ide's conference /

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Managing the Policy Process: from Legitimacy to Effectiveness and Back

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Managing the Policy Process: from Legitimacy to Effectiveness and Back

Author(s): Tatiana Tomova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The article assumes that the search for legitimacy (politics) and the demand for public governance efficiency and effectiveness (policies) are closely intertwined and cannot be separated either structurally or substantively. The legitimacy of policies is not simply a consequence of the legitimacy of political power, but is created by bringing stakeholders together in the process of policy making and implementing. Therefor policy needs to be managed in order to restrict unpredictability when formulating and implementing collective choices. We argue that the policy initiator should act as policy manager binding the whole process from the idea to the results.

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Максими за учтивост в речите на Саад Ал-Харири и Франсоа Оланд относно бежанците

Author(s): Mohammed Abdulsada,Balsam Yacoub / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This study explores the politeness maxims implied in two refugee-centric speeches given by Lebanese prime minister Saad Al-Hariri and French president François Hollande. Drawing on Leech’s (1983) six-maxim politeness approach, the study aims at recognizing these maxims, describing their forms, and uncovering the intended purposes. The research, additionally, elaborates on sympathy as a key element in the pragmatic analysis of the two speeches sampled for analysis. To do so, a careful investigation of the words, phrases, and sentences is conducted so as to sort and highlight all sympathetic forms. Then, a brief comparison is made between the two speeches in terms of sympathy and politeness. To do so, a quali¬tative methodology is followed in the analysis, where frequencies are reached. First, the research intro¬duces the preliminaries of the study as to the definition of key terms, elaborates on politeness, draws on Leech’s politeness theory, and reviews a few related studies. Then, a sample of two speeches is chosen, analyzed, and investigated for politeness. Finally, the paper reaches a few conclusions and findings, in addition to some further studies. The paper finds that the two speeches under study are very sympathetic towards refugees and that the relevant references carry multiple forms of politeness maxims. The paper, also, reports a noticeable difference between the Arab discourse and the European discourse concerning refugees and their suffering.

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INCEPTION, PROPAGATION, REINVENTION: AN ANALYSIS OF DAESH’S IDEOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM

Author(s): Mihăiță Ene / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This article examines DAESH's ideology, a key factor that has supported and facilitated the group’s actions for militant recruitment, territorial control, and global expansion. I will present the current state of knowledge and risk assessment, then, by using a theoretical framework rooted in constructivism and military realism, I will synthesize more recent and complex ideas related to this group through interpretations of current knowledge developments. I aim to examine the propaganda presented by DAESH and highlight in a proper, clear form the distinction between Islam and the fundamentalist ideology promoted by the terrorist group. The aim is to show that through a captivating discourse, extremist, radical entities have the ability to attract militants, and that the need remains to combat the ideas promoted by them so that recruitment through religiously based ideology by maximizing the ignorance of the target audience can no longer be feasible avenue to expand their based of supporters, or at least to be diminished so as not to be easily accomplished. The research aims to contribute to the literature by presenting the mechanisms used by DAESH, as well as presenting some strategies that can be applied by the authorities regarding the prevention of radicalization. Among the main elements identified by this study are: DAESH used a truncated message of the Qur'an to legitimize its actions, used emotionally impactful images to attract foreign Muslims to join the fighting in Syria and Iraq, and presented in a graphic and exaggerated manner their successes in the field to attract young combatants. The study has relevant implications and contributes to efforts to combat the actions of extremist-terrorist groups that claim their legitimacy from Islam.

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Kontinuity marxistického myšlení

Author(s): Vlastimil Hála / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2022

"Marxismus a skok do království svobody: Dějiny komunistické utopie" [Marxism and the Leap to the Kingdom of Freedom: The History of Communist Utopia], a comprehensive monograph by the Polish historian of ideas Andrzej Walicki, is the Czech translation of the original Polish edition entitled "Marksizm i skok do królewstwa wolności: Dzieje komunistycznej utopii" (Warszawa, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN 1996) and represents, according to the reviewer, a very serious attempt at an all-embracing interpretation of the genesis of Marxist thought from its “classics” through Leninism and Stalinism to older and more recent revisionism. Walicki looks for the preconditions of the later development of Marxism already in Marx and Engels, pointing out mainly implicit connections and accentuating continuities of Marxist conceptions rather than their differences and contradictions. He sets himself against both the implacable anti-communism that belittles the transformations of Marxist thought, and the Western leftist intellectuals who deny the connection between the original Marxist ideas and the way they were implemented in communist countries. The reviewer focuses on some of the book’s central themes and puts into concrete terms Walicki’s interpretations of the key representatives of Marxist thought, especially Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir I. Lenin and Joseph V. Stalin. These include the rejection of the market economy, the idea of the liberation of man in his generic nature, and the deterministic-teleological conception of history, implying the inevitable development of human society. The book’s shortcomings, according to the reviewer, are its excessive focus on Poland and problems of terminology in the Czech translation.

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Капани на икономическото мислене в контекста на обучението по стопански науки

Author(s): Vesselin Loulanski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The present paper delineates different pitfalls of economic theory, critically examining their logic and consequences, in respect to teaching economics to graduate and undergraduate students. It provides arguments for both methodological and technical updates that will improve student learning and performance.

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Tło aksjologiczne protestów 2020 roku i powyborczego kryzysu politycznego na Białorusi

Author(s): Piotr Rudkouski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The pro-democratic mobilization of Belarusians in 2020 does not fitin with the pattern typical of the region, where democratization was accom- panied by an increase in pro-Western attitudes. Before the outbreak of theprotests, in the course of their duration, and after their cessation, pro-Russianattitudes have prevailed over pro-European ones. Besides, Belarusians havea problematic national identity, an ambivalent attitude towards emancipatoryvalues and are still attached to the attributes of the Soviet era. Such a configuration of values did not prevent the formation of a strong demand fordemocracy. However, it may significantly hinder the process of system transformation towards democracy.

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Andrzej Walicki i jego triada: Rosja – Polska – marksizm

Author(s): Konrad Świder / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

: This article is dedicated to the memory of Professor Andrzej Walicki,who died in August 2020 – an outstanding Polish historian of ideas and Russian scholar. It is an attempt to summarize the enormous scientific achievements of a representative of the Warsaw school of the history of ideas. Hisscientific activity has gained wide recognition in the West, being an prominent Polish contribution to world Russian studies. The subject of the scientist’s research were Russia, Poland and Marxism. Andrzej Walicki explained toa wide audience in the West, Poland and Russia issues related to the formationof Russian ideas and philosophy, the development of various ideologies inRussia: imperialism, Marxism, liberalism, or the shaping of the platform andthe main problematic network of intellectual relations between Poland andRussia. He also researched Polish thought in response to the Russian question,and tried to participate in debates on Polish-Russian relations after the fall ofcommunism and the collapse of the USSR. He devoted much attention tothe reception of Marxism in Russia – to what extent it was an ideological import from the West, and to what extent it was based on the native ideologicaland religious tradition. In the context of Russia’s strong utopian predispositions, Andrzej Walicki showed Marxism as a utopia that transformed Russiainto its tragic testing ground and whose goals turned out to be unattainable.As a result, his led to the collapse of the moral legitimacy of the communistsystem and became the fundamental premise for the disintegration of theSoviet empire

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Prywatyzacja stresu

Author(s): Mark Fisher / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2022

In the article, Mark Fisher elaborates on the observation made in 2008’s Capitalist Realism about the relationship between neoliberalism (the destruction of unions, the privatization of public services, the „flexibilization” of the labor market), its ideological justification (Thatcher’s „there is no alternative”) and mental health, especially its medicalization and privatization. According to Fisher, the leftist remedy for the problems described in the main part of the article is not to reproduce the past forms of political organization, but to return to the project of „left modernism”, which has never really been realized.

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Dincolo de naţional: Karl Marx – Însemnări despre români

Author(s): Bogdan C. Iacob / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2022

The history of the publication Karl Marx - Însemnări despre români epitomizes the importance of interpreting from a transnational perspective the reformulation of national identity-scripts during communism. The context that underpins this editorial project highlights the fact that the identitarian transformation of the communist regime and the dynamics of the so-called historiographical front at the end of the 1950s and during the 1960s are inextricably tied to the evolution of the socialist camp and of Romania’s European re-positioning during the Cold War. Însemnări despre români exemplifies the role of transfers, exchanges, and entanglements between socialist officials and academics, as well as across Europe despite its ideological divide. This case study defies narratives about presumed isolation of Romania and its representatives under the heavy shade of the Iron Curtain. The article shows how transnational histories alter our frameworks for understanding the international dimensions of local state socialism beyond the usual, exclusive focus on the diplomatic history.

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ДЕСЕТ ПРИНЦИПА ЗА ОПАЗВАНЕ НА РЕШЕНИЯТА НА ПУБЛИЧНИЯ МЕНИДЖМЪНТ ОТ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИ ИМПЕРАТИВИ

Author(s): Todor Tanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The article examines the relationship between politics and administration with a view to defining the spectrum where the balance between them is disturbed in a way that public management tolerates political imperatives to the detriment of the public interest. From the management practice at the state and local level, 10 principles are formulated for the public manager's struggle against such concrete imperatives.

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