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What’s Wrong with the (White) Female Nude?

What’s Wrong with the (White) Female Nude?

Author(s): Zoey Lavallee / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

In “What’s Wrong with the (Female) Nude?” A. W. Eaton argues that the female nude in Western art promotes sexually objectifying, heteronormative erotic taste, and thereby has insidious effects on gender equality. In this response, I reject the claim that sexual objectification is a phenomenon that can be generalized across the experiences of all women. In particular, I argue that Eaton’s thesis is based on the experiences of women who are white, and does not pay adequate attention to the lives of nonwhite women. This act of exclusion undermines the generality of Eaton’s thesis, and exposes a more general bias in discussions of female representations in art. Different kinds of bodies have been subjected to different kinds of objectifying construal, and the ethics of nudity in art must be extended to take such variation into account.

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Masculine‑feminine fantasies: the phantasmagorias of Hans Bellmer

Masculine‑feminine fantasies: the phantasmagorias of Hans Bellmer

Author(s): Agnieszka Kot / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

In 2013, the publishing house Word/Image Territory [Słowo/ obraz terytoria] reissued the book Bellmer, or The Anatomy of Physical Unconsciousness and Love . On one of its final pages is Hans Bellmer’s dedication, addressed to a surrealist painter. It reads as follows: ‘When everything that a man is not joins him, then he finally seems to be himself’. This inscription is the focal point of this paper. The discussion will concern the aspect of Bellmer’s work referring to the masculine‑feminine fantasies, blurring of genders and the search for one’s identity. It seems that the artist, who snatched a doll from a child’s embraces and exalted it to the rank of a work of art, only to apply to it ball joints and a defragmented body so that its parts could be assembled freely, then locked this Pygmalion of his in erotic photographs or drawings, must have sought alienation. His efforts gave rise to phantasmagorias evident in each of his works. Experiencing the works of Bellmer raises a question which is complementary to the title of the paper: How much Hans is there in Bellmer?

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Artiste, homme romantique
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Artiste, homme romantique

Author(s): Vlado Martek / Language(s): French Issue: 2-3/2016

Je m’entretiendrai ici du romantisme, du besoin de se moquer sans fin et de ce que j’entends quand je dis : le travail est une honte. Comme j’aimerais être bref et compris par tous ! Mon intention est de faire le portrait d’un homme romantique qui possède toute la lenteur de l’Est et la sensibilité maladive de l’Ouest. Le contraste est dépassé et je ne dis pas cela en opposition au type patriarcal ou macho de la psychologie masculine. Il s’agit d’autre chose. À faire un discours objectif, je gagnerais la connaissance mais perdrais l’âme des choses. La vie n’est pas à considérer ou comprendre objectivement. Comprendre, c’est rester en dehors des choses. « C’est ce que Méphisto avait offert à Faust, c’est ce que Satan agite devant les yeux du monde des hommes. Le pouvoir au détriment de la réalité. »

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ВИЗУАЛЬНО-АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ КОННОТАЦИИ В ОНТОЛОГИИ ПАРМЕНИДА (2)

ВИЗУАЛЬНО-АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ КОННОТАЦИИ В ОНТОЛОГИИ ПАРМЕНИДА (2)

Author(s): Sergey Avanesov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

In this article, I complete my brief study of visual anthropological themes and meanings that can be seen in the philosophy of Parmenides, primarily in his ontology. I analyzed the text of the Parmenides’ poem to detect in it the ideas that express the theoretical position of the philosopher from Elea in relation to ontological parameters of human existence. “Optical” characteristics of Parmenides’ philosophical language is accented in this article to clarify his views on the mutual relations of sensually empirical experience and theoretical scientific knowledge, of explicit “many things” and implicit “single”, of the physical dynamics and speculative statics, of “human” world and the “true” being. I paid special attention to the problem of border and form of being-in-general in Parmenides, and I investigated the question of reflection of this form in the physical space. I conclude that the Parmenides’ philosophical “optics” can be explicated and described in the following key points, which was shown to 1) discourse in its specificity, 2) cultural-historical and physical contexts of the narrative, 3) an inner ascetic intention of author, 4) cosmology as a systemic critique of sensory experience, 5) epistemology in its visual aspects, 6) ontology, 7) semiotics.

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MASK AND SHAME OF AGEING

MASK AND SHAME OF AGEING

Author(s): Jarosław Barański / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2016

The concept of ageing as a mask refers to, according to M. Featherstone and M. Hepworth, the tension between the identity and experiencing one’s own, aging body. There is a growing disparity between the body and “ I" in the elderly, which results from the fact that they lose “ symbolic capital" and do not accept their own bodies with their mental and physical limitations. Old age exposes and becomes a symbolic nudity, a source of shame in the culture full of images of beautiful, young, physically fit and sexually attractive bodies. We compensate shame and the loss of the symbolic vestment by rejuvenating our bodies and suppressing negative emotions. Old age has become painful, because people live longer than ever before. To justify all treatments aimed at prolonging life, contemporary culture has taken for granted the idea of Hufelad from 1897: “ Long life has always been the main desire and goal of humanity" [1905, 6]. Now, when we embark on prolonging life, we face the problems of recognizing the sense of identity and its social expression in the process of extended ageing, the relationship between our identity and our aging body, which is still an existential project.

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Gadamer o pravde v umení a estetickej skúsenosti

Gadamer o pravde v umení a estetickej skúsenosti

Author(s): Rastislav Nemec / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3-4/2010

In regard to the truth-claim of art, Kant’s theory takes a strong stance. He declares outright that the aesthetic judgment is not cognitive and that, there- fore, matters of art and matters of knowledge must not be confused. This is one of the legacies of Kant’s aesthetics that turned out to be one of the greatest Gadamer’s objects of contention in the tradition of philosophical thought on art from then on.

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Modelowanie matematyczne w muzyce na podstawie twórczości Iannisa Xenakisa

Modelowanie matematyczne w muzyce na podstawie twórczości Iannisa Xenakisa

Author(s): Tomasz Grębski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The search for mathematical relationships in musical compositions are often studied. There are many musical compositions, in which the composer consciously used mathematical knowledge during their composing. The search for mathematical dependence in music could be called “mathematization of music”. Can we use math to music illustration of mathematical objects? The problem of using music to math illustration is analyzed in this article and the aim of the article is to present some mathematical structures consciously used in the compositions by Iannis Xenakis. His work is an excellent example of the connection of mathematics with music. There are described stochastic processes and probability theory, group theory, game theory, and Brownian motion and Markov chains. Music of Xenakis opposed any tradition in music by using mathematical modeling in it. It was unpredictable, but not accidental. There is also about the creative process when composing music and about mathematical order in musical works, as well as aesthetic and artistic values. This article facilitates the perception of Xenakis music and enables to understand his work better.

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Időiség a hongkongi filmművészetben

Időiség a hongkongi filmművészetben

Author(s): Orsolya Diószegi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2018

My work is an analysis of temporality in the cinematographic art of the 20-th century Hong Kong. More precisely it reflects on some of the movies made by Wong Kar Wai, in which the time plays a special, or main part. I try to grab the concept of temporality trough the time-image philosophy of Gilles Deleuze in the Wong films, which appears mainly as interruptions, decelerations, or images held on screen for longer periods of time.

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The Teleological Nature of Digital Aesthetics – the New Aesthetic in Advance of Artificial Intelligence

The Teleological Nature of Digital Aesthetics – the New Aesthetic in Advance of Artificial Intelligence

Author(s): Scott Contreras-Koterbay / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2019

If aesthetic and teleological judgments are equally reflective, then it can be argued that such judgments can be applied concurrently to digital objects, specifically those that are products of the rapidly developing sophisticated forms of artificial intelligence (AI). Evidence of the aesthetic effects of technological development are observable in more than just experienceable objects; rooted in inscrutable machine learning, AI’s complexity is a problem when it is presented as an aesthetic authority, particularly when it comes to automated curatorial practice or as a progressively determinative aesthetic force originating in an independent agency that is internally self-consistent.Rooted in theories of the post-digital and the New Aesthetic, this paper examines emerging new forms of art and aesthetic experiences that appear to reveal these capabilities of AI. While the most advanced forms of AI barely qualify for a ‘soft’ description at this point, it appears inevitable that a ‘hard’ form of AI is in the future. Increased forms of technological automation obscure the increasingly real possibility of genuine products of the imagination and the creativity of autonomous digital agencies as independent algorithmic entities, but such obfuscation is likely to fade away under the evolutionary pressures of technological development. It’s impossible to predict the aesthetic products of AI at this stage but, if the development of AI is teleological, then it might be possible to predict some of the foreseeable associated aesthetic problems.

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Can Artworks by Artificial Intelligence be Artworks?

Can Artworks by Artificial Intelligence be Artworks?

Author(s): Yeonsook Park / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2019

The thinking power of Homo sapiens made human beings the lord of all creation. The ability to reason is also the premise of human existence. We, however, now know that this is not confined only to human but to Artificial Intelligence. Over the history of humankind, human beings have attempted to create an immortal being that could surpass their abilities and complements their inferiorities. We are making something immortal and transcendent, which are different properties from our own. Artificial Intelligence may be able to evolve on its own like humans have been doing. As a kind of numerical being, humans are able to be omnipresent with the technology provided. This new kind of existence makes us think about and see things differently. Humans are attempting to create ‘beings’ that can generate art, take care of weak human beings, talk and discuss human issues, and even fall in love with humans. As our minds can run beyond the boundaries created by our body limitations, we would like to infuse our creativity into AI that might evolve from its original state. Similar to what Prometheus did, humans are attempting to share their legacy with another existence. Recently a research team from Rutgers University in New Jersey proposed a system named CAN: Creative Adversarial Networks for generating art with creative characteristics. The team demonstrated a realization of this system based on a novel, creative adversarial network. Their proposed system possesses the ability to produce novel artworks which make people believe human artists produced them. The data the team proposes proves that AI now attempts to do something considered as a creative activity. With this research, the definition of art should be reconsidered. Since the Fountain(1917) by Duchamp, open concepts toward artworks have been embraced by many artists and their colleagues. However, it is time to contemplate the new phase. When we regard something as artwork, should it be created, selected, and combined by human beings? Is it possible that the thing that is accepted as artwork by people can be art? This paper seeks to propose several opinions regarding these questions.

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As the ‘Intellectual Subject’ of Artificial Intelligence – The Intrinsic Understanding of Artificial Intelligence on The Ideas of ‘Time’ and ‘Space’

As the ‘Intellectual Subject’ of Artificial Intelligence – The Intrinsic Understanding of Artificial Intelligence on The Ideas of ‘Time’ and ‘Space’

Author(s): Shi Tianyu / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2019

Presupposing artificial intelligence (AI) is an ‘intellectual subject’ rather than merely a product of complex operation is a prerequisite to discussing how AI and human intelligence inherently understand time and space. This article argues that AI as an intellectual subject and human intelligence have their respective origins and connotations, and different intelligent characteristics also lead to the difference between them in the way of inherently understanding time and space; different inherent understandings of time and space and whether to think with time and space as an ‘object’ are the underlying differences between AI and human intelligence. Meanwhile, so far AI is unable to process space-time issues by means of ‘non-objectification’.

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DOCUMENTARY DISCOURSE: COGNITIVE AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON MATTERS OF REMEMBERING AND AUDIO-VISUAL MEMORY

DOCUMENTARY DISCOURSE: COGNITIVE AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON MATTERS OF REMEMBERING AND AUDIO-VISUAL MEMORY

Author(s): Jarmo Valkola / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The article examines the ramifications of documentary discourse. The approach is formulated to give a voice to interdisciplinary research on documentary. The emphasis on the close analysis of extracts and larger documentary entities will bring a new level to this meeting of various aspirations. It gives the possibility to create a heightened sensitivity of matters of analysis that covers similarities and differences, as well as causal and empirical reflections. The aim is to create a web of associations for these perspectives and perceive a wider approach on documentary in order to argue that the meaningful appropriation of various tendencies in documentary studies requires sufficient correspondence and dialogical proneness for an understanding of the conceptual, formal and aesthetic legitimacy of this phenomenon.

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Tango ir kinematografijos flirtas: aistra, nusikaltimas ir mirtis

Tango ir kinematografijos flirtas: aistra, nusikaltimas ir mirtis

Author(s): Agnieška Juzefovič / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 100/2019

The article presents the socio-cultural research on interactions between the Argentinian tango dance and cinematography. The author analyzes reasons why screenwriters and directors show a big interest in tango music and dance. Research unveils the evolution of tango representation in cinematography since the earliest sound films until the twenty-first century. Of particular interest are films with tango scripts and tango performances (Tango bar; Tangos, the Exile of Gardel; Tango; The Tango Lesson; Moulin Rouge). Also, the reasons why tango in cinematography is often associated with gangsters, criminals and prisons is analyzed (Naked tango; Chicago; Assassination tango; Tango libre). Tango dance and music are perceived as particularly appropriate to express feelings of love, passion, jealousy, and to visualize freedom and death. Therefore, tango music and dance is considered an important and perspective topic of cinematography.

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N. Heinich menininko statuso ir tapatybės tyrimai: „išskirtinumo sociologija"

N. Heinich menininko statuso ir tapatybės tyrimai: „išskirtinumo sociologija"

Author(s): Žilvinė Gaižutytė-Filipavičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 39/2004

The article considers the “sociology of exceptionality” of the contemporary French art sociologist Natalie Heinich, who corrected, developed and widely applied the sociology of the artistic field elaborated by P. Bourdieu during the 19th century. She pays much attention to the formation of an autonomous artistic field and the social institutes connected with the artist’s identity and status. She explores exhaustively these aspects against a wide historical background.

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Asociatyvaus metafizinio mąstymo apraiškos Šarūno Leonavičiaus kūryboje

Asociatyvaus metafizinio mąstymo apraiškos Šarūno Leonavičiaus kūryboje

Author(s): Antanas Andrijauskas,Šarūnas Leonavičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 39/2004

Gimė 1960 m. vasario 20 d. Kaune. Mokėsi M. K. Čiurlionio vidurinėje meno mokykloje. 1979 1984 m. studijavo grafiką Valstybiniame dailės institute, kur, paties dailininko prisipažinimu, stipriausią poveikį jam turėjo L. Lazauskas, A. Kmieliauskas, itin malonu buvo bendrauti su A. Švėgžda. Diplominis darbas - iliustracijos V. Miliūno knygelei „Linksmos pasakaitės". 1985 m. dirbo Klaipėdoje Dailės kombinate, 1986-1988 m. tarnavo Sovietinėje kariuomenėje. Grįžęs iš jos, piešė, raižė ofortus, tapė, bendradarbiavo su leidykla „Vyturys". 1989 m. režisieriaus Gintaro Varno „Šėpos teatrui" sukūrė lėles ir dekoracijas. 1990-1991 m. rudenį žiemą slapta ruošė atsarginio lito banknoto projektą. [...]

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Vizualumas šiuolaikiniame teatre

Vizualumas šiuolaikiniame teatre

Author(s): Vita RAČKAUSKAITĖ / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 37/2004

The article describes what kind of visual elements can be found in present-day theatre, classifies them, and analyses visuality in theatre art. The author makes a semiotic scheme of possible visual components in the theatre at the turn of the 20th and 21st century. The article states how important visuality is in postmodern theatre art, and which tendencies it faces in Lithuania, how visual components correlate with words, sounds and music, and how these components are created.

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Ontologinių, epistemologinių ir aksiologinių transformacijų sintezė L. Truikio scenografijoje (XX a. 3-asis dešimtmetis)

Ontologinių, epistemologinių ir aksiologinių transformacijų sintezė L. Truikio scenografijoje (XX a. 3-asis dešimtmetis)

Author(s): Egidijus Mažintas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 37/2004

During his career as an opera scenery painter, the Lithuanian artist L. Truikys ardently looked for an organic synthesis of image and music. In this search he relied much on Eastern symbolism and aesthetics. He believed that the dramaturgy of opera gives an excellent opportunity for the synthesis of various arts.

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Metafora ir mise-en-scéne

Metafora ir mise-en-scéne

Author(s): Edgaras Klivis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 36/2004

Humanistic studies of the 20th century have expanded the theory of metaphor into different fields like historiography, narratology, culture studies, etc. What are the possibilities for applying the theory to studies of the visual and performing arts, and theatre in particular? The article deals with the issue, introducing R. Jakobson’s theory, the idea of cognitive value of metaphor, and P. Ricoeur’s hermeneutic principles as different theoretical attitudes towards metaphor. Different perspectives expose different ways of perceiving the metaphorical structures of mise-en-scéne and distinct qualities of what can be called the “stage metaphor”. Thus, the means of integrating different stage systems, the forms of representation and the relation of performance text to cultural context can be investigated, invoking the key concept of metaphor. The theory of metaphor is also an effective way to locate and to interpret particular historical theatrical processes, such as for example the productions of the representatives of Lithuanian metaphorical theatre: J. Jurašas, E. Nekrošius, J. Vaitkus.

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Metafora ir mise-en-scéne

Metafora ir mise-en-scéne

Author(s): Edgaras Klivis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 35/2003

Humanistic studies of the 20th century have expanded the theory of metaphor into different fields like historiography, narratology, culture studies, etc. What are the possibilities for applying the theory to studies of the visual and performing arts, and theatre in particular? The article deals with the issue, introducing R. Jakobson’s theory, the idea of cognitive value of metaphor, and P. Ricoeur’s hermeneutic principles as different theoretical attitudes towards metaphor. Different perspectives expose different ways of perceiving the metaphorical structures of mise-en-scéne and distinct qualities of what can be called the “stage metaphor”. Thus, the means of integrating different stage systems, the forms of representation and the relation of performance text to cultural context can be investigated, invoking the key concept of metaphor. The theory of metaphor is also an effective way to locate and to interpret particular historical theatrical processes, such as for example the productions of the representatives of Lithuanian metaphorical theatre: J. Jurašas, E. Nekrošius, J. Vaitkus.

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Музикотерапията като път към себе си и света

Музикотерапията като път към себе си и света

Author(s): Yordanka Deyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Music therapy is an applied science still making its way in Bulgaria. Therefore, in its opening part, the article presents some definitions of music therapy and its types according to different characteristics. The main part treats individual and group music therapy focused on self-consciousness and self-development; reviews in brief the psychological defence mechanisms involved in this process and points out some of the psychological theories at the base of this type of music therapy.

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