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Kérdésfölvetés és néhány fogalom tisztázásának kísérlete
The Philosophical Frameworks of the Issue of Hungarians in Slovakia: Nation, Minority, Nationalism
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Kérdésfölvetés és néhány fogalom tisztázásának kísérlete
The Philosophical Frameworks of the Issue of Hungarians in Slovakia: Nation, Minority, Nationalism
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Problem setting. Certain ’stereotyped’ representations of legal positivism as a ’rigid’ concept of law that ignores a person as a creative subject and requires only a clear obedience to normative requirements are refuted by an example of the theoretical views of the outstanding Argentine philosopher of law Eugenio Bulygin, who was born in the early 30’s years of the twentieth century in Kharkiv.Recent research and publications analysis. Creativity of E. Bulygin in recent times was a subject of quite many publications, made as by representatives of the Western philosophy of law, as well as post-Soviet researchers. At the same time, the analysis of the main moments of life and scientific activity of the outstanding scientist in terms of identifying a certain humanistic bias of his philosophical and legal creativity is carried out for the first time.Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the main points of life and work of E. Bulygin in the context of his main positivist idea of law as a normative system with a humanistic dimension.Paper main body. The article gives an overview of the main life stages of the Argentine philosopher of law, which influenced the formation of his scientific outlook: school, university, creative collaboration with Carlos Alchourron, internship with Herbert Hart at Oxford University, multifaceted scholarly and teaching activity at the University of Buenos Aires and other universities of the world. His fruitful activities in the International Association of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy is especially distinguished.Particular attention is paid to his main work, ’Normative Systems’, written in co-authorship with K. Alchurron. An analysis of the main points of this work, such as the rules and logical structure of legal sentences, the inapplicability of the concepts of truth to legal norms, the problem of gaps in law, etc., is given.It is also revealed the peculiarities of views on the relation of law and morality as different spheres of human activity, but emphasizes the possibility, in some cases, of favoring a moral solution to legal prohibitions.Conclusions of the research. According to E. Bulygin, the consideration of law as a normative system greatly extends the horizons of its logical analysis, while at the same time envisaging taking into account the activity of a person as a subject of law, whose moral position may prevail over formal norms in the context of both judicial law-making and the justification of human rights as a unique experience, which should be kept. Thus, the humanistic dimension of law finds its realization.
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Problem setting. The contemporary understanding of law implies addressing theoretical opportunities of phenomenology and, in particular, allows finding and describing structural elements of the phenomenological law model.Recent research and publications analysis. The method of modelling is widely used in modern social epistemology. Being influenced by post-empirism new approaches emerged in social epistemology. The leading role in them is given not to empirical evidence and logical-deductive procedures, but to the models of theoretical explanations, which are used by this or that research strategy.Paper objective is to single out and describe the elements of the phenomenological law model from the viewpoint of its structure, formed by social experience and legal values.Paper main body. The article discusses the structural elements of the phenomenological model, its methodological significance was shown ass the focus of the legal life description, specifying the content of meaningful dimensions and dimensions-phenomena.The essence of the modelling procedure was identified, its connection with other phenomenological procedures was confirmed. Suggested phenomenological model measurements include: social experience, giving the context for implementing all other elements of the legal structure; legal values, determining the aim and the content of legal practices; legal entities, characterized by their abilities to act and be recognized in the legal domain; legal entity reasons, actualizing their abilities and bringing meaning to legal facts.Social experience and legal values were studied as measurements-phenomena (or the given legal life) and as structural elements of the phenomenological model. The basic structural element and the overall meaningful framework of the phenomenological model determine social experience. The content-genetic unity of the social experience with the concepts of experience, life world and activity was analyzed. It was confirmed that the social experience is always the experience of activity, taken from the entity expression. The social experience in the legal context appears as the total of collective actions to recognize legal values, expressed in the social facts and activity schemes. Therefore, legal values were determined as essential meaningful grounds and principles of law, determining the practical value of the claims of the legal entity and ensuring its involvement in the social – cultural, processes of the specific society.The content-genetic connection between the legal values and legal regulations was specified, whereas the difference between them was also shown. Conclusions of the research. The phenomenological model is designed to assist the integrity of law from inside and strengthen the effect of the description and interpretation of legal life specific manifestations. The consequence of the relative analysis of legal values and regulations was the development of the mechanism of their connection with the social experience and general human values.
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In this paper, I show that Turri’s (2015a) experimental study concerning selfless assertions is defective and should therefore be rejected. One performs a selfless assertion when one states something that one does not believe, and hence does not know, despite possessing well supported evidence to the contrary. Following his experimental study, Turri argues that agents in fact both believe and know the content of their selfless assertions. In response to this claim, I demonstrate that the conclusions he draws are premature in this regard. More specifically, I criticize his methodology, showing that his study is not only incomplete but also yields contradictory results. In closing, I propose how such a study should be conducted in order to receive comprehensive results.
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In my paper I present a critique of Dorota Brylla’s interpretation of the dialogue by Nicholas of Cusa - De Deo abscondito, and a critique of her stance on apophatic theology. I consider Brylla’s position an exemplification of a more widespread philosophical point of view in terms of both the interpretation of Nicholas thought and the apophatic tradition as such. I also present an alternative reading of both his dialogue and apophatic theology. Finally, I point out some implications of adopting my position for philosophical theology and the philosophy of religion.
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Lako će se prihvatiti da je od najvišeg značaja znati da li se književnošću izneverava moral. Tom razmatranju se, međutim, mora pristupiti samo uz najveći oprez. Zlo izmiče potpunom shvatanju, ono ne može da bude integrisano u naše kategorije razumevanja i uma, pa je u tom smislu, kako je tvrdio Levinas, transcendentno; zlo je ono mesto na kojem se ’etika i metafizika, epistemologija i estetika susreću, sudaraju i dižu ruke’, kako kaže Susan Neiman. A tome uprkos, sve češće se pojavljuju knjige koje povezanost zla i književnosti predstavljaju kao samorazumljivo privilegovani odnos. Filozofi takođe svoje etičke teorije često razvijaju na pričama koje nudi fikcija.
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Načelna je, uvodna, poteškoća filozofije politike u tomu što — po vlastitim kriterijima — nije moguća bez uračunate ambicije da utječe na svoj predmet. Ova metodička neprilika — uostalom karakteristična za čitavo »područje« tzv. praktičke filozofije na primjeru filozofije politike zadobiju posebice relevantne razmjere.
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Njemački filozof Robert Spaemann preminuo je u Stuttgartu 10. prosinca 2018. godine, u svojoj 91. godini. Mediji, koji su pozorni spram dimenzije ljudske stvarnosti koju zovemo filozofija, u vijestima o njegovoj smrti pridružili su Spaemannovu imenu epitete koji se ne daju olako i neutemeljeno. Tako su ga označili kao velikoga filozofa, ali i teologa, kao beskompromisnoga, neprilagođenoga i slobodnoga mislioca, kao moralni glas katoličke filozofije, najvećega katoličkoga filozofa XX. stoljeća, pa čak i kao posljednjega velikoga katoličkoga filozofa. Zbog svoje jake misli i ranije je nagrađivan rijetkim titulama. Spomenimo samo to da se početkom ovoga stoljeća o njemu pisalo kao o branitelju ljudskoga dostojanstva.
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Die Moral ist ein Merkmal, das dem menschlichen Handeln angehört aufgrund seiner Übereinstimmung oder Nichtübereinstimmung mit Standards u Regeln, die es regulieren. Dies setzt natürlich voraus, dass menschliche Handlungen auf der einen Seite frei und verantwortlich sind und dass es auf der anderen Seite Standards und Regeln gibt, mit denen das menschliche Handeln übereinstimmen soll. Über das letztere, wie es bekannt ist, gibt es Unterschiede, von denen jedoch hier nicht die Rede ist. Hier im Gegenteil ist die Frage, ob die Moral ausschließlich Qualität des menschlichen Handelns ist, oder kann sie, nicht nur bei nächstgelegenen Primaten, sondern auch bei niederen Spezies gefunden werden. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt sich zwangsläufig die Frage einer möglichen evolutionären Entwicklung der menschlichen Moral. Dieser Artikel zeigt die Forschungsergebnisse bestimmten tierischen Verhaltens auf, welche auf den ersten Blick als moralisch charakterisiert werden könnten. So werden Auftreten von altruistischem Verhalten, Empathie, Gefühl der Reziprozität, Fairness und sozialer Stabilität erklärt. Solche Forschung kann sicherlich die Einzigartigkeit der menschlichen Moral zu verstehen helfen, aber vieles bleibt noch ungeantwortet und offen für die weitere Forschung
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Možemo li govoriti i pisati o djelu Meše Selimovića, osim obilježavanjem prigodnih datuma, ako znamo da je književni rad Selimovića i kvantitativno i kvalitativno književno-kritički valoriziran i opisan? Posebno zato što je roman Derviš i smrt, najznačajnije Selimovićevo djelo, uklesan u književni kanon sa neupitnim značenjem kao dio školske lektire.
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When studying the activity of Japanese companies in the Meiji Period (1868-1912) we may notice that these have taken actions that are not exactly within the capitalist ethos of competition and personal profit. As an example, we refer to the networks created by managing directors who served concurrently in different companies, in the same field of activity1. Seen from the point of view of a competitive, market-oriented economy, this is an unbelievable phenomenon. Maybe it is due to the fact that the people preserved its traditional values despite the adoption of such social techniques as the joint stock company system. Our study will analyze the role of traditional business ethics from the Edo period in shaping the modern ethics and vision of Japanese management.
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In Kant's philosophy the concept of freedom appears for the first time in the history of philosophy not only as one of the problems of ethics or political philosophy that every philosophical system must provide for, but as the very' problem of the new idea of man as a practico-rational being. The »Critique of Pure Reason« presents the essence, the anthropological problem of Kant’s concept of freedom. The man who is free is able to start a situation out of himself, he is able to: a) transfer his own determination to a situation (or to create such a situation); b) he has no other determination but the determination of his own moral law (which is based on »freedom as a characteristic of will«), and therefore also; c) a man who influences the world as his own world according to his own essence. Regardless of all the possible meanings given in Kant's own works and in later interpretations (even in that of Marx and Engels though theirs is already shifting the ground of all former interpretations) the concept of freedom is just another name for the »gnoseological revolution«, the schoolmaster's label for Kant's philosophy.
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Review of: Tomislav Krznar, U blizini straha: iznova o problematici zaštite okoliša u bioetičkom kontekstu, Veleučilište u Karlovcu, Karlovac, 2016.
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Studies concerning utilitarian judgements have generally relied on sacrificial moral dilemmas. In their study, Kahane et al. (2017) made distinction between utilitarian judgements and developed a new scale to measure two dimensions of utilitarianism namely impartial beneficence and instrumental harm. This study aims to extensively examine the psychometric properties of adapted version of the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale in Turkish sample (n=290). Concerning the reliability of the scale, internal consistency and item-total correlation coefficients are found to be satisfactory. Consistent with the original scale two factor model was supported (2 factor solution was explained 54.24% of total variance) and confirmatory factor analysis revealed an adequate fit. As for the validity studies, convergent validity of the scale is supported revealing the association of OUS total, impartial beneficence and instrumental harm with conceptually related measures, which included sub-clinical psychopathy, empathy and perspective taking. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.
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This is the text around the themes: Media and Journalism, are confronted two directions of opinions: humanism and elitism. Humanism believes that media and journalism must be metaphysically objective: able to tell the truth regardless of time, place and terms of events. Another approach, elitism, is connected with Hegel’s philosophy of history. Hegel’s conceptual apparatus includes: Idea, History dialectic, “cunning mind,” self-development and self-realization. In this context, media and journalism are considered as organic unity, an inseparable part of some dialectical totality. More specifically media and journalism can be objective only if they defend concrete ideological assumptions of society to which they belong. Any other understanding of these two concepts is non-objective, mere moralizing and / or demagoguery.
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Contemporary politics breaks bonds with morale for the sake of being successful. Politics is still often hidden behind morale though. A political request begins with „you must’’, a moral quest with „you should’’. The question raised in politics is “Can I do what I want to?“, and the question in morale is “May I do what I can?’’ Is politics a skill in choosing less evil, and morale a skill in choosing more good? Can political community be strong if it does not weave together with moral community? How moral duty and political duty are related?
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Law and bioethics are important social phenomena. While Law, on the one hand, represents traditional social science, bioethics, on the other hand, is a relatively new scientific discipline. What characterizes both Law and Bioethics is a social practice that is considered and interdisciplinarity in the approach to the concepts, challenges and processes that social practice imposes. The paper seeks interdisciplinarity of Law and Bioethics and the importance of their mutual relationship fromfrom the perspective of Ronald Dworkin′s Philosophy of Law, one of the most important contemporary legal philosophers.The paper deals with the basic concepts, the significance and the comprehension of such an opinion on the understanding of law and bioethics, that is, the intersections in which they are inevitable.
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This paper deals with the fundamental aspects of Luther’s and Calvin’s understanding of morality, particularly regarding the notion of moral individualisation as a key ethical definition. Additionally, the question of the role of Reformation teachings in the degeneration of the medieval “moral picture of the world” is also being considered, as well as the consequences it caused in the political and economic sense.
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