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Ile punktów za etos?

Ile punktów za etos?

Author(s): Małgorzata Wałejko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2014

The text is about a tendency currently existing in the academic circles, a tendency to place a scientist’s individual career above fundamental university values such as an ethos, unselfishness and vocation. The author shows cultural and civilisation determinants of this tendency as well as its manifestations: the primacy of pragmatism, efficiency and success or the commercialisation of scientific research. As the remedy for this state of matters she points out a rebirth of the essence of academic tradition going back to the ancient Academia, that is a rebirth of a selfl ess attitude not only towards establishing the truth but also towards students. Pointing to such thinkers as J. Woroniecki, J.W. Dawid, J. Tischner, W. Chudy, Tomasz z Akwinu, T. Gadacz, the author propounds a return to the idea of vocation and a master who remains in a service relationship with students. The ethos of a postmodern university lies in the renewal of personal academic relationships.

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AN ESSAY ON ACTOR, ACTRESS IN TURKISH CINEMA, HUMAN ANS SECTOR ETHICS IN THE 21st CENTURY

AN ESSAY ON ACTOR, ACTRESS IN TURKISH CINEMA, HUMAN ANS SECTOR ETHICS IN THE 21st CENTURY

Author(s): Nevin Algül / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Introduction of cinema to Turkey has gone through a rapider progress than that of printing and cinema has become very popular in Turkey. Cinema has contributed positively to this rapid progress thanks to its nature. It stimulates more than one sense conveying several things at one glance and alternating in between dreams, imagination and life’s realities and therefore it is desired greatly…

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Shaftesbury as a Popperian: critical rationalism before its time? Part II

Shaftesbury as a Popperian: critical rationalism before its time? Part II

Author(s): Lydia Amir / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2016

Shaftesbury has assigned humor an unparalleled role within philosophy, which may be encapsulated in the following tenets: (1) ridicule is the test of truth; (2) humor and good humor have a habilitating function with regard to truth; (3) the most effective criticism is humorous; and (4) humor is the mark of rationality. In the present article, I introduce Shaftesbury’s views on ridicule, good humor and humor in order to assess both the originality and viability of Shaftesbury’s contribution. I argue, first, that Shaftesbury’s views on ridicule as a test of truth and on good-humor as habilitating truth are thoroughly original, but cannot be implemented without adhering to his metaphysics and epistemology. Second, Shaftesbury’s views on humor are only partially original, though these can be implemented independently of metaphysical and epistemological assumptions for the greatest benefit of philosophers in general and critical rationalists in particular. I conclude that not only does Shaftesbury anticipate the view that critical thinking is the core of rationality, the main principle of the view known as critical rationalism associated with the renown 20th century philosopher of science and social philosopher, Karl Popper, but he also offers a viable means to enhance criticism as rationality by taking into consideration the psychological resistance to criticism that Popper acknowledges but refuses to address.

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Wspólnota akademicka. Próba redefinicji

Wspólnota akademicka. Próba redefinicji

Author(s): Aleksander Kobylarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2018

Artykuł postuluje odbudowę wspólnoty akademickiej w oparciu o jasno określone kryteria oceny pracy naukowej oraz stanowienie relacji na każdym poziomie w oparciu o wzajemny szacunek. Autor koncentruje się na szacunku jako zasadzie naczelnej, przenikającej działalność społeczności uczonych. Przejawiać się on musi przede wszystkim w odpowiednio kształtowanej komunikacji oraz efektywnej współpracy. Szczególna uwaga autora jest skoncentrowana na młodych adeptach nauki, którzy najbardziej doświadczają feudalnych stosunków władzy i przemocy symbolicznej.

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Czy człowiek ma prawo do samobójstwa?

Czy człowiek ma prawo do samobójstwa?

Author(s): Jarosław Tekliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Death has accompanied man since time immemorial, as well as the problem of suicide, which is, in fact, the essence of death. From a formal point of view, every person has the right to self-annihilation, after all the answer to the question: "who will forbid me?" is, in each case "no one". In addition to the dispute, the fact remains that the individual has the actual freedom to decide on the time and place of departure. So, is a man entitled to suicide? The article is an attempt to present an interdisciplinary view on human right to self-destruction and is divided into two parts, although the author does not separate them with subtitles. The first is devoted to the presentation of views that may speak for the exist¬ence of the right of the individual to self-annihilation. The second focuses on presenting the reasons which, according to the author, may lead to the opposite conclusions. The article ends with a presentation of a short synthesis of the author’s own views on human right to terminate his life, however, being aware of the complexity of the issue analyzed, the issue of answering the question asked in the title has been leaft open.

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Polscy obserwatorzy Zagłady. Studium przypadków z zakresu sztuk wizualnych – uwagi wstępne

Polscy obserwatorzy Zagłady. Studium przypadków z zakresu sztuk wizualnych – uwagi wstępne

Author(s): Luiza Nader / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2018

This text is devoted to selected visual records produced in the face of the Holocaust by the following artists: Felicjan Szczęsny Kowarski, Krzysztof Henisz, Aleksander Świdwiński, and Mieczysław Wejman. Vast majority of these works of art comes from the war period (1940– 1944), with a few produced immediately after the war (1946–1948). The author analyzes predominantly their referential layer as well as the modes of representation they employ, the dating of speciϐic objects, and the references to their accompanying historical framework. She also reflects on identity, motivations, and the degree of existential, ethical, and artistic engagement of the artists in the face of the Holocaust, which was happening right before their eyes, in their immediate vicinity. The central question Nader directs not only at the artists and their works, but also at the field of art history is one that Jan Tomasz Gross has asked: “What did you do/What was done to help the Jews?” bearing in mind that doing nothing was also an action with consequences. The most important conception developed in this text is the category of the artist – a close observer of the Shoah. Moreover, this question about Polish bystanders also makes her inquire about the foundations of the field of art history as such. The author postulates changing the episteme in the space of the contemporary and modern history of art in Poland as there still has been no response to the challenge posed by works produced in the face of the Holocaust and from the Holocaust.

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PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS FOR IASA 8TH WORLD CONGRESS. Laredo TX, 12–21 July 2017

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS FOR IASA 8TH WORLD CONGRESS. Laredo TX, 12–21 July 2017

Author(s): Manuel Broncano Rodríguez / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Laredo is located in the vicinity of the Rio Grande/Bravo, in many senses the epitome of the border, of the frontier, of the “limen” in its etymological sense of “threshold,” “doorway,” or “limit.” The general theme of our reunion was “Marginalia: The Borders of the Border,” and the contributions the IASA members made addressed this theme from multiple perspectives, thus leading to most enriching discussions about one of the most written about topics in the scholarship of the last few decades. Such a topic has rekindled new interest, especially in the light of the recent political transformations in many regions of the globe, which are leading to revived feelings of essentialist nationalism and its atavistic fears of the other, call it the immigrant, the dissenter or, if you want, the barbarian. It is happening in Turkey, it is happening in Poland, it is happening in Britain, it is happening in the US. In this context, borders and walls, both physical and ideological, are being erected once again. Marginalia, in turn, is a Latin term that in its origins referred to the inscriptions that monks and other amanuensis made on the empty space surrounding the body of text inscribed on a parchment. Romance languages are largely the product of marginal inscriptions on Latin manuscripts. Thus, the first manifestations of the Spanish language are found in the glosses that monks scribbled on the margins of those manuscripts to clarify and comment on words whose meaning was already obscure for the medieval reader, and those annotations were made in the new romance language, which was nothing but macaronic Latin. By extension, marginalia refers to those writings that do not belong in the canonical body of works of a culture or civilization, and is close in meaning to apocryphal. Furthermore, it can be understood as referring to the interstices that exist between two or more cultures, nations, or religions. In our usage of the term, marginalia refers to those areas of the world that are populated by displaced or uprooted individuals, limbic spaces in which mere survival may become an illegal activity. The present address seeks to explicate the essence of the basic concepts underlying—and driving—the theme of the Congress.

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Структура на съдебната реч. Реторически дискурс на обвинителната и защитната реч
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Структура на съдебната реч. Реторически дискурс на обвинителната и защитната реч

Author(s): Ivan Tsanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

As a result of this study, this article presents the reader, in a summarized way, the structure, compositional elements, logical and rhetorical content of the judicial speech, in particular prosecution and defense speech, from the standpoint of philosophy of law. The question of equivalence and application of ethics, morality and truth in the law is up to date from Antiquity to the present day. These moral categories can be analyzed in depth mostly by philosophical science, with the help of its constituents – ethics, aesthetics, rhetoric, logic. It is sufficed to recall the Roman maxim – In jure veritas (At right is the truth). Accordingly, the search for truth, evidence, reasoning and ways of arguing are the leading ideas and major themes of the analytical text.

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Изборът като философски и психоаналитичен проблем
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Изборът като философски и психоаналитичен проблем

Author(s): Vyara Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

The article analyzes the choice from several perspectives. The choice as a moral problem is a choice between good and evil. The choice as a social problem is a choice between individualism and collectivism, between aspiration for career inert and passive adaptation. The choice as an ideological problem is a choice between democracy and totalitarianism. The choice as a religious issue is a choice between faith and doubt, religion and atheism. The choice as a psychoanalytic problem is the acceptance or denial of guilt. The choice as a philosophical problem is a choice between demand of an essence or give satisfaction to the elementary and the trivial.

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Човекът в търсене на смисъл: изборът между страдание и удоволствие
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Човекът в търсене на смисъл: изборът между страдание и удоволствие

Author(s): Kameliya Slavcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

This study examines the problem of the meaning of life and the choice between suffering and pleasure, according to the Biblical book of Ecclesiastes, written by the wisest king that ever lived on Earth, and according to the greatest psychiatrist, founder of the doctrine of Logotherapy, the author of one of the greatest books of our time: Man in Search of Meaning and The Doctor and the Soul – Viktor Frankl. Can we find some similarities in their statements, research, and philosophy? Where is the meaning of human existence: in pleasure or in pain? Why is it important for everyone to find meaning in his/her life? Is this the driving force of humankind forward? Can you live with dignity; what it means, and how to help people that lost the meaning? These are the questions we try to find answers for in this study. The aim is to follow the similarities between the two authors, and to find where modern psychology, logotherapy meet the faith in God.

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Abraham Heschel i Thomas Merton – prorocze osobowości, prorocza przyjaźń

Abraham Heschel i Thomas Merton – prorocze osobowości, prorocza przyjaźń

Author(s): Edward Kaplan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2018

In his essay on the Jewish rabbi Abraham Heschel and his evolving correspondence with Roman Catholic monk Thomas Merton, Edward Kaplan focuses on the trope of prophetic personality, which is characterized by an emotional intensity and a heightened sensitivity to injustice. Involved in religious peace movements and motivated by compassion and the indignation caused by the brutality of war, arrogant nationalism, and consumerist addictions, Merton and Heschel represent the quintessential prophetic stance in the sphere of social action. Their friendship went through a moment of crisis when the Second Vatican Council was debating the so-called Declaration on Jews. It was then that both Merton and Heschel demonstrated, through their outspoken criticisms, the full meaning of prophetic protest against the abuse of doctrinal pronouncements. As shown by their examples, a prophet is one who respects and repairs the world which is our common home and does it in the name of God.

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Godność ludzi wykluczonych, na peryferiach i... W 100-lecie odzyskania niepodległości przez Polskę

Godność ludzi wykluczonych, na peryferiach i... W 100-lecie odzyskania niepodległości przez Polskę

Author(s): Andrzej Proniewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

The dignity of a man who fits into his subjective existence is imperishable and irreducible. It implies awareness of subjectivity, the ability to reflect, identity, historicity, freedom, autonomy of the relationship. In individual dignity, man experiences belonging to a group whose functioning is often dictated by national dignity. A hundred years of Poles’ independence showed that the history of the nation affects the maintenance of the sense of individual dignity and the changing circumstances of life, often dictated by persecution or life on the periphery of this dignity, can not threaten. In order to show the dignity carried out in the period of one hundred years of independence, the following problems have been emphasized: the principle of human dignity (1), dignity as the basis of social life (2.), dignity crippled and trampled – exile, exile, emigration, periphery (3.) in defense of dignity (4.).

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Polemika Ušeničnik - Rostohar o veri, narodnosti in etiki v letih 1912-1913

Author(s): Jurij Perovšek / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2003

The paper deals with the polemics on religion and nationality, and on nationality and ethics, which were exchanged in 1912 and 1913 between Dr Aleš Ušeničnik, the most important Slovene Catholic philosopher in the first half of the nineteenth century, and Dr Mihajlo Rostohar, philosopher and founder of Slovene psychology, who defended liberal world views. The two disputants considered the conflict of values between religious and national interests on the basis of their exclusivist views on nationality and religion. Ušeničnik placed religious interests before national, whilst Rostohar put the national before religious. Ušeničnik saw the ethical basis of human existence in religion, and Rostohar in nationality. Devotion to their ideologies led them to a consistent rejection of the opponent's arguments. The above polemics between the representatives of the two main ideological orientations in Slovenia from the beginning of the twentieth century, proves that, ideologically, the Slovenes entered the century as a deeply divided nation to whom the coexistence of different ideologies was an obvious mental and existential problem.

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LITERARY TRANSGRESSIONS: THE STRANGE, THE STRANGER, THE STRANGEST IN MODERNISTIC FICTION IN THE BALKANS
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LITERARY TRANSGRESSIONS: THE STRANGE, THE STRANGER, THE STRANGEST IN MODERNISTIC FICTION IN THE BALKANS

Author(s): Malamir Spasov / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

In “Homo viator” Gabriel Marcel says: “We cannot help seeing that there is the closest of connections between the soul and hope. I almost think that hope is for the soul what breathing is for the living organism. (…) It is precisely the soul that is the traveler; it is of the soul and of the soul alone that we can say with supreme truth that „being” necessarily means „being on the way” (en route)”1. And thus man on the way is precisely a man of hope, whether traveling in space, time, imagination, oneself, etc.Since the time of Modernism the so-called existential traveler turned into a preferred character in the vast literary field. He is so irresistibly attractive probably because the existential traveler is homo viator par excellence, most vividly expressing the idea of the modern mobility in a broader sense – as freedom and search through the world, but also into oneself – and expressing hope eventually. Regardless of how different existential travelers are within and among themselves, no matter how various they sound like and how we are accustomed to perceiving them, after all, they represent some expression of hope – an escape of the terrifying and insurmountable issues that weigh above the human situation. Furthermore, since hope is a knowing which outstrips the unknown2, in a way, hope represents an excess. Hence, by analogy, hope is deviation, hope is strange, hope is even bizarre. Man on the way, or the travelling man, is often a strange man, or at least he is a stranger. And then the strangest of the strange is perhaps the one who gives the most hope in his own way. It happened so that Modernism transformed the literary narrative into an institution of the modern society and artistic shape of time. The author, as a creator, turned into original paradigm of human being, respectively the existential traveler – into original paradigm of travelling man; into homo viator par excellence. He articulated his own cultural and civilizational code through writing. Modernist narrative was his transcendent achievement. And its strangest of the strange, its most bizarre manifestations, which we here refer as bizarrism, were often its highest efforts. Thus the most bizarre travels of the existential traveler turned into ultimate travels – travels par excellence – the furthest trips of hope.

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“It was the least painful to go into Greenhouse Production”: The Moral Appreciation of Social Security in Post-Socialist Serbia

“It was the least painful to go into Greenhouse Production”: The Moral Appreciation of Social Security in Post-Socialist Serbia

Author(s): Andre Thiemann / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

This paper deals with the agricultural production of social security. By representing a rural case study from Central Serbia, it contributes to the economic history of post-socialist former Yugoslavia and explores the conditions of the possibility for social alternatives to neo-capitalism. In the case study, a male actor - embedded within family and wider social networks - successfully accommodates the adverse macroeconomic conditions through hard work, micromanagement of limited resources, and the production of social relations. He also combines new micro-spatial fixings - productive facilities - with revaluing morally depreciated older ones. In sum, this case study shows how networks of actors can invest their energy into reversing the moral depreciation of labor and capital under conditions of capitalist competition and growing inequality. These practices point to an emancipation from the in egalitarian moral economy of capitalism, a process I conceptualize as “moral appreciation”. As its goal emerges the production of a relatively egalitarian society within the lived space of the urban-village continuum.

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POST-COMMUNISM, LIBERALISM AND SOLIDARITY IN THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AFTER 1989

POST-COMMUNISM, LIBERALISM AND SOLIDARITY IN THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AFTER 1989

Author(s): Andrzej Kobyliński / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The main aim of this article is to analyze the transition from communism to post-communism in the Eastern Bloc countries after 1989. Post-communism in Central and Eastern Europe gradually transformed into various forms of democracy. The political project implemented in post-communist societies is a selective kind of liberalism, which entailed a number of negative consequences. Unfortunately, in the process of transition from post-communism to liberal democracy, a very small role was played by the category of solidarity as an important virtue of social life. We need today a global expansion of solidarity as a new worldwide ethos.

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Autobiografija politizovanog veka

Author(s): Cvetka Hedžet Tóth / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2007

The paper is an extended problem-focused analytical outline of the work of the English Marxist Eric Hobsbawm entitled Interesting Times. A Twentieth−Century Life. What is particularly underscored is the fact that Hobsbawm is someone who persists to the end, thus even today, even though everything that served as the build-up of the Russian Revolution fell to pieces. His interpretation of history delves into two concepts that have to be subjected to a critical analysis, namely distance and identity. One of the leading and at the same time concluding ideas of his Interesting Times is: “But history needs distance, not only from the passions, emotions, ideologies and fears of our own wars of religion, but from the even more dangerous temptations of ‘identity’.” His autobiography offers also the following thought that in many ways represents the leitmotif of his extremely interesting work: “We are the first generation to have lived through the historic moment when the rules and conventions that had hitherto bound human beings together in families, communities and societies ceased to operate. If you want to know what it was like, only we can tell you. If you think you can go back, we can tell you, it can’t be done.” Regardless of the fact that he is willing to admit, “I am prepared to concede, with regret, that Lenin’s Comintern was not such a good idea,” Hobsbawm as a Marxist and communist is aware that the world and its conditions are yet to change. “Still, let us not disarm, even in unsatisfactory times. Social injustice still needs to be denounced and fought. The world will not get better on its own.” To cherish and maintain the utopia of this possibility is Hobsbawm’s lasting contribution to the materialist and Marxist interpretation of history that calls for our reaching beyond frontiers of the past – also the frontiers of his politicized century.

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Някои аспекти на влиянието на изкуствения интелект върху медиите

Някои аспекти на влиянието на изкуствения интелект върху медиите

Author(s): Stoyko Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The article discusses some aspects of the changes brought about by the entry of bot journalism and artificial intelligence into media practice. In the coming years, these innovations will change news organizations, starting with automated journalism, which provides the opportunity to personalize news content precisely, going through news created on demand and arriving at interactive voice-enabled news.

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Moderate Communitarianism and the Idea of Political Morality in African Democratic Practice

Moderate Communitarianism and the Idea of Political Morality in African Democratic Practice

Author(s): Hasskei M. Majeed / Language(s): English Issue: 61/2019

This paper explores how moderate communitarianism could bring about a greater sense of political morality in the practice of democracy in contemporary Africa. Moderate communitarianism is a thesis traceable to Kwame Gyekye, the Akan philosopher. This thesis is a moderation of the infl uence of the community in the Akan, an African social structure. In ensuring good political morality in the Akan, and therefore the African community, Gyekye proposes moral revolution over the enforcement of the law. I perform two main tasks in this article: (i) I reinforce the view that in a democratic framework (such as the framework within which many African states now fi nd themselves), moderate communitarianism offers lessons on political morality, and (ii) I challenge the notion that moral revolution has greater prospects for bringing about political morality than law enforcement.

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Septynios Šventosios Dvasios dovanos ir jų sąveika su dorybėmis pagal šv. Tomą Akvinietį

Septynios Šventosios Dvasios dovanos ir jų sąveika su dorybėmis pagal šv. Tomą Akvinietį

Author(s): Jolita Balčiūnaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 36/2004

St. Thomas Aquinas describes the gifts of the Holy Spirit as a help for a moral Christian life. It is through the gifts of the Holy Spirit that perfection of human nature occurs, as the gifts themselves are perfections, which incline a person to follow the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. Furthermore, this inspiration is God’s special help for a person springing from the abundance of God’s goodness. They let the Holy Spirit act in a person freely and spontaneously and are a kind of permanent right of the Holy Spirit to interfere in the life of a baptised person. Analysing the activities of each gift separately, St. Thomas Aquinas divides them into contemplative and practical, taking into consideration the powers of the human soul, i.e., the powers of reason and appetite. Thus every gift of the Holy Spirit makes perfect a certain power of the human soul so that the Holy Spirit can embrace all spheres of human activity. St. Thomas Aquinas includes the gifts of the Holy Spirit in an integral structure of virtuous life, where seven gifts of the Holy Spirit interact with seven virtues: four cardinal virtues and three divine or theological virtues. Finally, it is revealed that according to St. Thomas Aquinas, gifts and virtues act in a person differently. The gifts of the Holy Spirit, with their activity descending from God, bring human actions to perfection in a supernatural way, contrary to virtues, which bring human actions to perfection in a natural way. That is why a Christian reaches his final purpose - eternal life . not only by practising virtues, but first of all by co-operation with the Holy Spirit and letting It act through Its gifts.

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