‘Absolute Physical Patterns’ in Nili Portugali’s Holistic Phenomenological Approach in Arts

Author(s): Sylvia Borissova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The article is dedicated to the Israeli architect Nili Portugali’s holistic-phenomenological approach in the planning process in architecture, the creative process in arts and life as a whole. This approach is based on the British-American architect and design theorist Christopher Alexander’s empirical study on ‘absolute physical patterns’ and the common and ‘entire’ language which the pattern language is. Respectfully, a holistic phenomenology of architecture, organic order, sense of belonging, timeless quality, beauty and the ‘one value’ of the One Self—are integral part of this pattern language.

“Qualität” Überlegungen zu der Bedeutung und den ethischen Dimensionen einer Schlüsselkategorie hospizlicher Arbeit

Author(s): Gerhard Höver / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2003

„CZUCIE I UCZUCIE CZŁOWIEKA”. UWAGI O ASSUNCIE NORWIDA W ŚWIETLE MŁODOPOLSKIEJ RECEPCJI

Author(s): Hanna Ratuszna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2022

Assunta is a digressive poem showing Norwid’s views on art, philosophy and religion. According to the aesthetic assumptions of Romanticism, art has its source in internal experience, religious experience, and is of a metaphysical nature. Modernist interpretations of Norwid’s works, to which the article was devoted, reveal its metaphysical aspects. Determining the direction and significance of influences becomes an extremely important task. The author of Assunta was perceived at the end of the nineteenth century as a patron of modernism, his name was mentioned together with that of Baudelaire, comments about him appeared in the context of discussions on modern literature, theater and the art of acting. Norwid’s work was in line with the „paradigm of sight-centricism”, the poet did not avoid optical metaphors, he used the poetics of chiaroscuro and space framing, which in Assunt’s poem gained a vertical character. The motives of improvement and growth played an important role in the piece. Reflecting on their meaning allowed to establish the rank of the metapoetic remarks contained in Assunta. The works of Norwid, recalled in the era of modernism, have received many interpretations, including critical ones, based on „troublesome” concealments. Zenon Przesmycki believed that this work was not fully understood, although attempts were made to include it in the aesthetics of modernism. However, it was recognized that it was the missing link in the development of Polish symbolist poetry (it is also worth emphasizing its links with „colorists” – as the Impressionists were called). In Assunta, referring to the Divine Comedy by Dante and Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the contemplative path of knowledge is shown. „Looking to heaven” is therefore a cognitive act in which reason coexists with faith.

„Nedivina comedie” de Zygmunt Krasiński între istorie şi metafizică

Author(s): Constantin Geambaşu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2010

The author of the research focuses particularly on the structure of the drama The Undivine Comedy, trying to define more clearly the boundaries between the two settings of the plot, i. e. historical and metaphysical. Z. Krasinski goes beyond historical and social framework in order to penetrate even deeper into the metaphysical realm (the role of Providence both in history and in human life) by analyzing the issue of revolution in a broader context (historical-philosophical and religious). He is interested especially in people‘s ―undivine" attitude and its consequences. The research pinpoints the fundamental idea of the Polish author: revolutions are not part of the divine plan for the world, and a world deprived of God is doomed to chaos and extinction. Man's moral transformation may be achieved only through faith in God, and salvation - through solidarity and harmony. Yet, beyond Krasinski's constructive effort, a careful analysis of the text allows to catch a glimpse of the utopian character of such a vision.

Философско-богословски аспекти на антропологичния поврат: руският случай

Author(s): Nina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The study is focused on the ideas of Russian religious anthropology, on Vladimir Solovyov’s visions about the Godmanhood and its profound impact on twentieth-century Russian thought. The author emphasizes Nikolai Berdyaev’s and Simon Frank’s contribution in this respect. Russian philosophers were opposed to the idea of a brutal God; they insisted on being related to Him. The author presents their meaning according to which the problem of man can be integrally posited and resolved only in the light of the idea of Godmanhood – an idea that is alien to Western theology.

ФИЛОСОФСКО-ЕСТЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ А. ШОПЕНГАУЭРА В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ М. ЭМИНЕСКУ И РУССКИХ НЕОРОМАНТИКОВ

Author(s): Virgil Şoptereanu / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2002

„Чарующее действие” философско-эстетических идей A. Шопенгауэра, сделавших его „самым популярным и влиятельным писателем” конца XIX века (1), испытали на себя многие художники слова. Можно было бы сказать, что „популярным и влиятельным” был Шопенгауэр и в кружке румынских писателей „Жунимя” („Junimea”, 1863 - 1916), основатель которого, Титу Майореску, перевёл на румынский язык в 1876 году Афоризмы о мудрости в жизни немецкого философа. С „Жунимя” был связан и М. Эминеску, ряд произведений которого был напечатан в литературном органе этого кружка „Конворбирь литераре” („Convorbiri literare” - „Литературные беседы”). Более того, Титу Майореску принадлежит высказывание о том, что поэт „был убеждённым приверженцем Шопенгауэра” (2).

ФІЛОСОФСЬКО-КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІСТИ ТРАНСЦЕНДЕНТНОГО

Author(s): Ljubov Zelisko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2013

This article examines the philosophical and cultural ideas and values of TOC transcendent that through the development of intellectual and metaphysical intuitions define and steer thinking individual, con-tribute to the preservation of its culture, stimulate the desire to make an informed choice as to the forms of life, bring to the higher manifestations of spiritual fulfillment through the imperatives of Harmony, Good and beauty.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПОНЯТИЯ «СТАТУСА ВЕЩЕЙ» В МЕТАФИЗИКЕ И ТЕОЛОГИИ ИЕЗУИТОВ КОНЦА XVI – ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XVII ВВ.

Author(s): Vitaly Ivanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

This article is a study of a new type of metaphysics that arose within the tradition of scholastic philosophy and theology of the Jesuits by the middle of the 17th century. The article describes the opposition of the traditional and new understanding of scholastic metaphysics on the example of Fr. Suárez and S. Izquierdo. The formation of the ontological concept of "status of things" is identified as one of the key conditions and signs of this transformation of metaphysics. First, the formation of this concept is explored in the scholastic tradition preceding Izquierdo, namely in Fonseca, Suárez, Hurtado de Mendoza and Fabri, as a history of shifts in meaning and of the emergence of new contexts in which the term "status" was used. Second, we describe the systematic context of the doctrine of the status rerum in the universal theory of objects of human thought in Izquierdo's Pharus scientiarum (1659). Thirdly, we explicate the very concept of the status of a thing in the first philosophy of Izquierdo, its necessary connection with the concept of the objective truth of a thing, and also show the special significance of the first "quidditative status of things" as a whole set of objective truths underlying all demonstrative human sciences. Finally, the article points out that one of the essential features of Izquierdo's new metaphysics is the strengthening of the methodological nature of the universal science recorded in his treatise in comparison with the traditional Jesuit prototype in Suárez.

Франсиско Суарес като мост между схоластиката и философията на Новото време

Author(s): Aleksandar Spirdonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

This article addresses the problem of the position of the Spanish theologian and philosopher Francisco Suárez (1548–1617) in the history of philosophy, delineating the main parameters of his system and establishing the profound influence he has on modern philosophers. The author examines the parallel views that produce ties of continuity between René Descartes and Francisco Suárez. The article devotes attention to Suarez’s conception of “formal concept”, which leads to a new interpretation of truth that differs from the Thomistic one. The author reaches the conclusion that the essentialism, logicism and subjectivism in the epistemology and ontology of the scholastic philosopher from Salamanca condition to a significant degree the development and specific contents of modern philosophical though. This conclusion, repeatedly noted by Heidegger, poses the question of the need to reconsider Suarez’s place in the history of philosophy.

Фридрих Ницше – новата религия на метафизическия нихилизъм

Author(s): Rosen Rachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Human life is an endless sequence of problem situations and ways to overcome them. Friedrich Nietzsche proclaims doubt and nihilism as forms of existence in problem situation. They are the foundation of the „reassessment of all values“. This reassessment is oriented to traditional, approved and wide spread principles and norms in society. The skepticism is an initial position and a transitional stage of denial. If someone denies something without thinking of it, he acts emotionally. Friedrich Nietzsche is a nihilist because his attitude is based on doubts, which are rationally motivated. In this paper the arguments are derived from his books “Thus Spoke Zarathustra”, “The Antichrist” and “Twilight of the Idols”.

Частичност, цялост и изкуство

Author(s): Nikifor Avramov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The text examines the categories of partiality and wholeness in light of art and its adequate understanding. The categories are understood not simply as describing certain objective state, but also as orientations in worldview and interpretation which assume their own objectivity. The essence which defines the orientation and its objectivity we identify through the referring to the metaphysical consciousness term “spirit”. We relate the categories to accompanying concepts, among which the concepts of chaos and order.

Человеческая идентичность в диалоге Платона «Алкивиад I» (к вопросу об антропологической проблематике в древнегреческой философии)

Author(s): Daniil Dorofeev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

The article is devoted to Plato’s Alcibiades I and explores its main question: what is your proper self? The author pays special attention to the concept of “ayto to ayto”, which he takes to mean “selfhood”. This concept is analyzed as the first fundamental philosophical form of understanding of human identity, which Plato viewed as a soul. Plato fundamentally distinguishes essence of a person (ayto to ayto) from things that belong to a person, the attributes of human being (such as his body and material property). The author explores the Platonic understanding of human identity in the context of ancient ontology and anthropology, which includes an analysis of the relationship of a single person and universal being, authentic and inauthentic Ego, the soul (mind) and the body, the significance of “care about self” (epimeilea heautou) and “cognition of self” (gnothi seautou), etc. The concept of Plato represents the first experience of comprehending the human identity ("ayto to ayto" as soul) which appears as impersonal subject and media Being, but realized in perspective of self-correlation "care of self" and "cognition of self" by particular man.

Човешкото съзнание като когнитивно-афективна цялост

Author(s): Rosen Stapov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

ЧТО ЕСТЬ ЧЕЛОВЕК? АБРИС ОТВЕТА В «ПРОТРЕПТИКЕ» АРИСТОТЕЛЯ И ЕГО ОБОСНОВАНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ В ПОСЛЕДУЮЩИХ РАБОТАХ СТАГИРИТА

Author(s): Igor Tantlevskij / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2017

The author of the article seeks to demonstrate how Aristotle, having put forward in the “Protrepticus” the idea that the person's selfness is essentially identical with the rational “part” of his soul and that it is just in it and thanks to it that the man’s “blessedness”, “divinity” and “immortality” can be achieved, hereafter substantiates and develops this doctrine in his later works, primarily in the treatises “Metaphysics”, “On the Soul” and “Nicomachean Ethics”.

Шелинг – от логос към мит

Author(s): Iliana Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

This article aims to analyze the beginning of the transition from logos to myth. To incorporate the religious into his Enlightenment philosophical system, Schelling presents a reconstruction of myth. The conceptions of the religious consciousness of the Self from antiquity as presented. The myth embodies cultural reality and the history of self-consciousness, an idea that was later considered by Mircea Eliade. Myths evolve in parallel with human evolution. The need for the development of abstract thinking and the complex social environment presuppose the new mythology. Christianity in history appears as part of the mechanism of human development, which generally symbolizes the transition from mythology to Christianity. Theology must abstract mythologies from the purely divine, but together they participate in the formation of human consciousness.

Шотландската философия и Шопенхауер. Интерпретации на каузалността

Author(s): Atanaska Cholakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

The analysis of causality in Schopenhauer’s conceptualization of the representative model of knowledge presupposes the mentioning of two significant representatives of the Scottish reaction against Hume’s skepticism, namely Thomas Reid and Thomas Brown. The goal of this paper is to explicate some concrete ideas from both of their theoretical systems in relation to the critique of Hume’s notion of causality and later their interpretation in Schopenhauer’s philosophy.

Экзистенциализм как интернет-тренд

Author(s): D.V Prokofieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article is devoted to Internet-trend on Existentialism in Russian social networks. Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus and Franz Kafka became popular characters for Russian young people who are active Internet users. They correlated Existentialism with concepts of “hopeless”, “Futility”, “emptiness”. We made an attempt to analyze this phenomenon and tried to explain that Existentialism is not directed against the person but for him.

ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИЯ, ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛ И ТЕЛЕСНОСТЬ ЧЕЛОВЕКА: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТОЧКИ ПЕРЕСЕЧЕНИЯ

Author(s): Olga Olegovna Dasaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The paper justifies that human corporeality can be regarded as an existential. The concepts of existence, existential, and phenomenal body are analyzed. The human body is proved to be existential after considering it as a mode of existential experience and analyzing phenomenal corporeality. The main features of existentiality and existence are singled out. Their relation to the human body is emphasized. Considerable attention is paid to the body transcendence. At the same time, the borderline nature of corporeality in the world is stressed. The novelty of the problem is that the human body is not considered as an obstacle to existence, but rather as an existential entity.

ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ АРИСТОТЕЛЕВСКОЙ ДОКТРИНЫ О РОСТЕ И РАСТУЩЕМ У ОРИГЕНА, МЕФОДИЯ ОЛИМПИЙСКОГО И ГРИГОРИЯ НИССКОГО

Author(s): Valery V. Petroff / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The paper treats Origen’s reception of Alexander of Aphrodisias’ arguments concerning growth and growing. It is shown that Origen uses the reasoning and examples used by Alexander, in his doctrine of the risen body. Taking the principle that the form (eidos) of the body experienced quantitative change remains the same, Origen tries to prove that even if a resurrected body possesses different material substrate, the remaining identity of its eidos (“appearance”) allows to postulate the identity of the former (earthly) body and the new risen body. At the same time, Origen neglects two premises, crucial in the Peripatetic framework which produced the doctrine of growth and growing. First, enmattered eidos could not be separated from its material substrate. Secondly, only the remaining continuity of the substrate, absent in the case of the resurrection, allowed to affirm not only indistinguishability but also the identity of the risen body. Methodius of Olympus’ criticism of Origen’s doctrine is also considered, together with an example of Gregory of Nyssa’s inefficient recourse to this Origenian concept.

ЭМПЕДОКЛ О ДЫХАНИИ

Author(s): Anna Afonasina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

In Fr. B 100 DK Empedocles famously compares the principle of breathing with this of clepsydra. This simile provoked a scholarly controversy. The main question is what kind of breathing Empedocles describes – the breathing through the skin or the breathing through the mouth and nostrils? In this article I consider various solutions to the problem, suggested by different scholars (Powell 1923, Last 1924, Furley 1957, Booth 1960, Bollack 1965, O’Brien 1970), and incline to accept the idea that Empedocles describes a form of breathing through the skin with a qualification that the skin in question is the outer membrane of the respiratory apparatus rather than the outer covering of the living body, as it was previously thought. This article is the first part of the future analysis of Empedocles’ views on physical mechanisms of living beings and their sense perceptions.