Lucian Blaga. Despre religie, mit și magie sau o nouă interpretare a ideii de adevăr și minciună în sens extramoral

Author(s): Mihail M. Ungheanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2017

The basic idea of this text is that the philosophical work of Lucian Blaga represents a new point of view in the philosophy of culture but also in the understanding of man as a cultural being. It also introduces a new concept of culture, which is defined as the repeated attempts to unveil the mystery, which as horizont defines the human being qua human being. Philosophy, mythology, theology, art, science are such attempts. None of these branches are superior to the other, and none of them is able to reveal the mystery as such. In a sense, this view is akin to the view expressed by Nietzsche in his text on lie in extramoral sense, though Blaga reintroduces the relationship with a divine principle of existence. All those attempts to revelate the mystery are akin to the extramoral lies that increase the value of human existence and the power of its spirit.

A spiritual difficulty for health. Simplified mathematical ideas

Author(s): Richard Woesler / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Many people say that there would be definitely no afterlife with Judgment Day. Some such persons might sometimes try to harm innocent others secretly to obtain, e.g., financial advantages, e.g., conducting a robbery at dark night, because they cannot fear Judgment Day. Such offenses can cause health damages to the victims. This spiritual idea, that there would be definitely no Judgment Day, for such offenders might have negative impact on society. A question is how to get into the dialog, e.g., with such offenders so that they eventually might come to a different conclusion, that Judgment Day is possible, and might then engage correspondingly more to do good things, with benefit for public health. In the present text, considering mathematical, physical, and further scientific knowledge, thought experiments are conducted regarding theoretical computer programs, in which, additionally, it is dealt with a question about quantum randomness.

WAR AS A PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEME: METHODOLOGICAL AND METAPHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Author(s): Saulius Geniušas / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The paper is guided by three goals. First, it shows that the methodological standpoint of classical Husserlian phenomenology provides us with reliable tools to resist the grand narratives that proliferate during times of war. Second, it demonstrates that phenomenology provides much-needed methodological support for hermeneutically-oriented reflections on war. Third, it shows how the gruesome reality of World War One introduced a practical turn in Husserl’s phenomenology by forcing Husserl to rethink the relation between phenomenology and metaphysics. Tracing the development of phenomenological metaphysics in Husserl’s Fichte lectures (1917–1918), Kaizo articles (1923–1924) and private correspondence, the paper shows that, in response to war, Husserl deliberately chose not to engage in straightforward reflections on war, but instead to write about the prospects of peace. Reflections on cultural renewal necessitated him to rethink phenomenology as practical philosophy. The entanglement of praxis and theoria in Husserlian phenomenology relies upon the establishment of a metaphysically-grounded conceptual bond that ties reason to love and faith, which in its own turn suggests that a human being is not merely animal rationale, but also animal a mans and animal religiosum. Ultimately, the possibility of cultural renewal relies upon a metaphysical broadening of Husserl’s conception of philosophy as rigorous sciences.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІСТОРІОСОФСЬКОЇ ДУМКИ Г. СКОВОРОДИ

Author(s): Svyatoslav Rachuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2022

Objective. The object of the research is the historical knowledge in the context of the works of Hryhoriy Skovoroda and the definition of their features. Purpose. It consists of several aspects. First is the study of the features of H. Skovoroda’s creative heritage. Secondly, the identification of peculiarities of H. Skovoroda's historiosophical views in the context of his works. Third, to draw the conclusion about the little-known aspects of historiosophy in the works of H. Skovoroda. Relevance os the study. Due to the expansion of the field of historical research and the further necessity of creating theoretical knowledge, there is a need to research the insufficiently explored aspect of the work of H. Skovoroda – namely the interpretation of the historical process. Scientific novelty: The article for the first time explores the historiosophical views of H. Skovoroda. The main aspects of which are the attraction of views to ancient and early Christian philosophers, the presence of Neoplatonism, religiosity, and the gravitation to the Chri stian interpretation of history. Source base: Fundamental studies of G. Skovoroda's work are represented by the works of D. Chizhevsky, L. Ushkalov, V. Shinkaruk, M. Bartolini, V. Lisov, M. Popovych, V. Shayan, V. Gotsulyak, G. Khotkevych, Y. Pavlenko and others. Research methods are such as: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction. Conclusions. The phenomenon of history for the wandering philosopher is ambiguous and non-linear. The relevance of the events of the past for H. Skovoroda is determined by the presence of revelations, which, unlike the material world, are eternal and unchanging. Full of Christian ideals it demonstrates the interpretation of history as a directed movement with the clear goal - the end of the world. However, the ultimate goal, according to the philosopher, is the spiritual self-knowledge of a person. The consequence of this knowledge is the formation of moral guidelines, according to which a person must live his life.

Metafizică şi suprarealism. Iuri Mamleev

Author(s): Antoaneta Olteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2007

Iuri Vitalievici Mamleev (născut în1931 la Moscova, în familia unui psihiatru) este unul dintre cei mai cunoscuţi scriitori ruşi contemporani (în primul rând prozator, dar el este şi poet, dramaturg şi filosof).

“Qualität” Überlegungen zu der Bedeutung und den ethischen Dimensionen einer Schlüsselkategorie hospizlicher Arbeit

Author(s): Gerhard Höver / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2003

Milczenie i filozofia

Author(s): Cezary Rzęchowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2021

Twentieth-century thinkers such as Dauenhauer, Heidegger, and Neher turned to silence. In their philosophical analysis they discovered the richness of silence in the phenomenological, metaphysical and religious layers. Dauenhauer introduced the concept of deep silence to philosophy, Heidegger described silence as an existential phenomenon, and Neher revealed another horizon of silence – biblical silence. These distinguished philosophers restored the rank of silence and encouraged others to deepen their thoughts on this subject.

EVROPA I DUHOVNO UTEMELJENJE ZAPADA: KAKO PREVLADATI RADIKALNI MATERIJALIZAM?

Author(s): Želimir Vukašinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2022

The paper tends to emphasise the importance of the spiritual foundation of Western culture which, essentially, contradicts the conditions imposed by a dominance of radical materialism. It is recognised that the idea of education is transformed in accordance to the interest of market economy, which separates European nations from strength of spiritual-historical existence of Western culture. This condition justifies Husserl's evidence that contemporary European science is in crisis as it loses its transcendental foundation. For this reason, it is necessary to ask: On what basis can the West be understood as the West at all? What forms of renunciation of platonism led to a dominance of radical materialism? What is the meaning of metaphysical idealism and how to understand its completion in Hegel's philosophy? In the context of these questions, an understanding of the basic features of the post-humanism, marked by Nietzsche's words „God is dead“ and Heidegger's re-turn to the Greeks, is conceived here. Finally, it is pointed out that only a philosophical historical restitution of the idea of Europe leads to a true community of European nations.

Eros, Thanatos, Platon i rat

Author(s): Emanuele Severino / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2022

Platon u Politei (Republici, Državi) zbori o ratu kao »najvišem umijeću«, naime kao jednom od specifičnih načina rada koji su mogući unutar organizacije »podjele rada« od koje se sastoji super-umijeće polisa.

Объективная, трансцендентальная, формальная истина: вопрос об истине в метафизике и схоластической теологии иезуитов раннего Нового времени

Author(s): Vitaly Ivanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

The article studies the transformation of the traditional Peripatetic concept of truth in the Jesuit metaphysics and scholastic theology of the Early Modern period. The essence of this transformation is described as an increasing tendency towards a convergence of the classical scholastic concept of the "transcendental truth of things" and the new concept of "objective truth” and to replace the first concept with the second. First, the article describes and analyzes the classic for the later Jesuit tradition disposition of the concept of truth in a metaphysical treatise on truth within the framework of the VIIIth Metaphysical Disputation by Fr. Suárez and shows the traditional opposition of the formal truth of knowledge or judgment and transcendental truth as an attribute of being as such. Secondly, the article shows that an essential characteristic of Suárez's metaphysical concept of truth is the reality of truth, and not objectivity as conceivability, not limited to real entity. It is indicated that Suárez is quite familiar with the concept of “objective truth”, but applies it only in his theology, while excluding it from metaphysics. Thirdly, the article looks into the theological motives for the formation of the concept of objective truth as key for the Jesuit theology of ‘scientia media’. Finally, the article analyzes the content of the treatise on the "objective truth" of things in the Pharus scientiarum by S. Izquierdo, and also demonstrates the motives and consequences of the identification of objective and transcendental truth in Izquierdo’s ontology.