„Wolałbym pamiętać”. Relacja rzeczy, pamięci i tożsamości w wybranych opowiadaniach Pawła Sołtysa

Author(s): Aleksandra Zdanowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2021

The article is an attempt to establish the relationship between things, memory, and identity building in Mikrotyki by Paweł Sołtys. Three short stories (Szlugi, Listy, and Patelnia) in which the items constitute the main plotline were selected for analysis. Detailed analysis of the texts showed that all things are strongly connected with the category of nostalgia and the work of memory, thus becoming the building blocks of the writer’s identity, but each of them has a different meaning in this process. Cigarettes are primarily an impulse that activates the memory mechanism and refers to an experience shared by a certain generation. Letters, as nostalgic things,are a memento of the past. An abandoned frying pan becomes a contribution to reflection on the relationship between people and things. Each of the described items forces the author to interpret the past in a specific way, and thus also the present.

Трагедия жизни и мeтaфизика смерти в позднем творчестве Ивана Тургенева

Author(s): Wasilij Georgievich Szczukin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2020

The text of the article contains a series of reflections on the tragic concept of life and metaphysics of death in the works of Ivan Turgenev in the 1870s and early 1880s, which the reader can easily find in most of his works of this period. Life on earth is seen as a great universal tragedy, in which an individual human being is doomed to defeat in the fight against the metaphysical power of nature, with an iron necessity for death and mortal love disease – the most beautiful manifestation of humanity, which is also a death sentence. The precursor of Turgenev’s vision of the world was the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer; regardless of the author of Fathers and children, similar thoughts appear in the works of Charles Baudelaire and Guy de Maupassant. The authors emphasize two main reasons for Turgenev’s global pessimism: firstly, a personal tragedy associated with a deeply and deeply lived love for Paulina Viardot, condemned to failure; and secondly, the powerful influence of Neoplatonism and the pantheistic Romantic philosophy under the sign of Schelling, within which the writer’s views developed during his youth. An analysis of a number of works created in the last years of Turgenev’s life, in which pictures of the transcendent world or longing for it appear more and more frequently, as evidenced by the regularly occurring oneiric motifs and the motif of a meek expectation of death. At the same time, the writer defends the human right to a dignified death, appropriate to the inalienable dignity of every human being.

Три насти - современная русская литература и философия воскресения

Author(s): Aleksandr Dvoeglavov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2005

The article analyzes the generalized literary image of teenage Nastia in three texts (V. Sorokin, A. Platonov, S. Anufriyev and P. Peperstein). The concept of the resurrection and various types of its realization are discussed. V. Sorokin's narrative "Nastia" is intertextually analyzed in the context of N. Fedorov's resurrection theory.

Трите смърти на Сергей Булгаков (софиология на смъртта)

Author(s): Nina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The text comments on the reflections of the Russian thinker Sergei Bulgakov on death, presented in the light of his doctrine of Σοφία. The article traces in chronological order the development of the theme of death in his works, beginning with the pre-revolutionary works “Philosophy of Economy” (1912) and “Unfading Light: Contemplations and Speculations” (1917), and ending with “Sophiology of Death” (1940). The author describes Bulgakov's three meetings with death, which gave rise to his special sophiology of death. The notion of death is analyzed as included in the divine kenosis, and not as an ontological misunderstanding. Death is also seen as a moment present in the dialectic of life – It does not disturb the beauty of creation.

Тургеневский миф о любви в прозе A. П. Чехова

Author(s): Anatoly Sobennikov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 9/2016

The article surveys how Ivan Turgenev’s love myth is deconstructed in Anton Chekhov’s prose works. The latter writer presents the myth more often than not in an ironic mode of narration. While Turgenev’s axiology is literary-centric, Chekhov confronts it with his knowledge of gender psychology and “the understanding of what you write about”.

У служби континуитета. Етно-археологија у Србији

Author(s): Aleksandar Palavestra / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2011

Ethnoarchaeology as a sub-discipline of archaeology primarily entails survey and research of various aspects of contemporary societies, in order to enable archaeologists to understand the dynamic processes that have created in the past the phenomena we now recognize as archaeological material, i.e. archaeological record. Ethnoarchaeological studies in Serbia have been ill-fated, since almost all the roads leading towards this approach have been jammed by various conceptions of the idea of continuity. In the Serbian archaeology, continuity has been understood as continuation of direct Aegean and Greek influences, as a metaphysical continuity of spirit, inexplicable "idealtypical" continuity, national continuity, or as a transmission of cultural traditions. Common to all these paradigms is the understanding of continuity as a given, and the contemporaneous ethnographic material has been used solely as an illustration of the long life of certain cultural shapes. The true value of ethnoarchaeology as a way of overcoming the statics of the archaeological record and gaining insight into the dynamics of the past has never been realized.

Удвояване или за любословието на филологията

(Рецензия на „Модерният мимесис: Саморефлексията в литературата“ на Камелия Спасова, 2021)

Author(s): Miglena Nikolchina / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2021

Modern Mimesis: Self-Reflexivity in Literature is a passionate defence of philology that traverses the distances from Ancient Hellas to present-day Japan, from Ulysses to robots. This movement follows a logic described by the author as reconceptualization, and creates conceptual nodes configured through horizontal and vertical, temporal and spatial self-reflexive reduplications. The broad arc from the libraries of Alexandria and Pergamum to the mimetic valleys of robotics thus turns out to be underpinned by the reconceptualization of the ancient dispute between ‘analogy’ and ‘anomaly’, turning any attempt at ordering into an ‘endless series of rearrangements’.

Українська ментальність у пошуках аксіологічних координат

Author(s): Valentine A. Herasymchuk,Lilia N. Sidorenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2011

The object of research is the axìological uncertainty of modern Ukrainian mentality. The problem is compounded by the actualized and forceful influences of the external factors: cultural, religious processes of the West and East. As to "work" with these influences, as weed out of them "chaff" and save the "grains" – all about this you find in the article.

УЧЕНИЕ ПРОКЛА О НАДКОСМИЧЕСКИХ ДУШАХ

Author(s): Svetlana Mesyats / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

According to Marinus of Samaria, Proclus was the author of many philosophical doctrines. In particular he was the first to assert the existence of a kind of souls (ψυχῶν γένος) that are capable of simultaneously seeing several ideas and situated between the divine Intellect which embraces all things together by a single intuition, and the souls whose thoughts pass from one idea to another. In the following we are going to answer the question, what kind of souls did Proclus discover and why did he thought it to be necessary to introduce them in his metaphysical system. To solve this problem it seems reasonable to clarify the mechanism of horizontal-vertical progression in Proclus’ philosophy, as well as to describe the general structure of the psychic level of reality embracing the so called Monad of “unparticipated” Soul and the multiplicity of its “participated” products: divine, demonic and human souls. Unlike some previous scholars, who alleged that souls discovered by Proclus were demonic or intelligent ones, I affirm that Marinus could have in mind hypercosmic participated souls, situated between the unparticipated monad of the psychic level of reality and the multiplicity of participated souls within the material cosmos.

Ф. Ніцше про культуротворчий потенціал духу музики

Author(s): Tetiana Borisivna Kablova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2015

Civilization complex processes of human development forming a global paradigm cultural environment. Sometimes it leads to leveling the spiritual and aesthetic diversity in culture. There is a diversity of concepts and standardization at the same time. Against this background, establish understanding of the need for cultural and historical processes and their implementation in some new creative constants. The result is the kind context that matches the culture of human existence. This provides opportunities to apply concepts cultural-creativity as existential and contextual self-determination rights of human. Cultural-creative process gets spiritually and aesthetically defined form in the specific kind of arts. It is in this philosophical and cultural aspects in the article studies the views of Friedrich Nietzsche to the importance of the spirit of music in the cultural-creative being. Considering art as a form of expression of the culture of creativity of the human being, Nietzsche drew attention tothe irrational part of the cultural and historical processes. In the cognitive process the science completes its search for truth like the rational and logical form of this truth. At the same time, art has aesthetic, artistic and original creative form of the first idea. Science and art are in different layers of culture creative process: the first tending – to discourse, another – to the aesthetic. The art Nietzsche understood as being aesthetic form and artistic for explication will to power. He singled out the Apollonian and Dionysian principles of formation and functioning of Arts. The spirit of art appears as merging art and nature, art in its aesthetic significance and crafts, art of life and the will to power. The result was the culture creation – material reality as an imitation of world of ideas and the world of ideas as mimesis, reproduction Logos and Cosmos. The real creative work is accompanied by a rejection of individuality. Composer creates a form, the content directed to an ideal state. After achieving this result is to power beyond his, the only eternally cultural creativity natural forces which dominate the world. In his discussion the spirit of culture Nietzsche emphasizes the unique role of music in culture-creativity existence. Music stands beyond any comparison, but all in culture compared with music. Thus, the musical culture ethos associated with the fact that, according to Nietzsche, music can become a reflection of this reality, where there is an implicit harmony Apollonian and Dionysian principle. The Spirit of Music transmits the actual harmony of time – true feelings in opposite over conventional enemy, any artificial exclusion and any misunderstanding of man by man. In this context, the cultural spirit of music is an abstraction, deliberately devoid of any kind verbal or conceptual nature. Music has a logical composition form, but not illustrates the picture of historical process. Music has immanent features of particular object or event. The spirit of music hasn’t a discursive potential or reaction, its unconscious emotional expression of the inner essence of the world, volitional quintessence of life. This conceptual framework Nietzsche formed the concept of "the spirit of music" as a general and universal content being which determines any phenomenon, but the meaning of which in principle cannot convey the other kind of arts. The essence culture-creativity of this is that "the joy of existence" we must look for not in the phenomena. Musical story can to show thousands variants of events, images and stories which reflect just one facet of historical content and emotionally individualize it. This allows the recipient is not interpreted through plastic images of the world through music in general, but only certain events with certain characters. So music is a metaphysical fundamental of the world, the will to power. The image itself will not display specific events in the world. The musical product created within the cultural traditions and recognizes successful only if through it is "visible" enough of this tradition and cultural heritage. Unity of music culture of the creative process – is the most insightful play "structure" spiritual events of historical time. It is known that cultural – creative has deep anthropological principles, which to some extent reflect the evolution and development of man, with its ethnic and cultural characteristics humanitarian specifications. This provides opportunities to assume that the spirit of music is particularly important in the processes of cultural-creative and accordance with the socio-cultural of being in a cultural and historical continuum.

Федор Степун: русский философ о духовном кризисе Европы

Author(s): Ekaterina Mikhaylovna Veselova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

The article investigates views on the problem of religious devastation of Europe of one of interesting and appreciable authors of the Russian Abroad — Feodor Avgustovich Stepun, the Russian philosopher, the historian, the literary critic. Based on pre-war and post-war texts of Stepun and his dialogues with representatives of the German public, the author shows symptoms of spiritual crisis of the Western European life: on the one hand, the relation to Christianity — misunderstanding of the Christian fundamentals of history by Europeans, an incorrect ratio of Christianity and culture, distortion of the essence of Christianity and, as a result, spiritual degeneration of Europe; on the other hand, the West attitude towards the Soviet Russia, the USSR — from Soviet adherers in 1920 — the beginning of the 1930-s to anti-Sovietism after World War II. Presented are the exit options from the European crisis offered by F.A. Stepun the sense of which is uniform: return to Christian roots, search of mutual understanding between Russia and Europe. Analyzed is the latest work of Feodor Stepun as the last will of the Russian emigration to Europeans, drawn is the corresponding conclusion.

Феномен метафізики економіки в динаміці надії етносоціальних змін

Author(s): Igor Sklovskyy / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 28/2015

The aim of this work is to study the trends and ways of Ukrainian identity in the hope of the XXI century, socio-cultural communication, international communication in Ukraine, taking into account the context of metaphysical economy. Analysis was revealed the need for political changes and national consciousness from the standpoint of development trends of economic modernization and the need to respect the principles of democratic patriotism. It was proved that modernization is an important and promising research problem expanding the boundaries of economy hopes that covers the social context of the national idea and affects the professional review of specific economic problems of today and the socio-cultural dynamics. The results of the study can be used for finishing areas and for economic modernization, for making new changes in the entire building principles of democratic patriotism, further development of economic thought, to strengthen the role of the state and public organizations, to determine the level of civil liability of the government and opposition, improvement of social rules civilized economic activity, particularly in market relations of Ukraine with European partners.

Феноменологията на човешкия живот според Арент

Author(s): Luisa Paz Rodríguez Suárez / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

This article tries to show the phenomenological sense of the Arendtian investigation on the human life and to what extent it is constituted as a postmetaphysical philosophical anthropology, an interpretation that would be closely linked to her notions of action and identity.

Феноменът интуиция в невробиологична перспектива

Author(s): Kaloyan Nechev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

The word intuition is widely used as an umbrella term both in the non-specialized everyday environment and in specialized humanities literature. It is often accepted unconditionally, even though there is a lack of consistent and satisfactory attempts to clearly define the notion. In the field of philosophical inquiries, it is a common practice to use the notion of intuition as an implicit argumentative component as well as a guarantor of legitimacy in the unfolding of speculative “discourses”. Taking this to be the prevailing case, considering the term in question from a neurobiological perspective seems to be a somewhat productive endeavor insofar as it can provide clarity on the physiological prerequisites involved in the realization of the specific subjective attitudes and dispositions, the latter of which play a certain role in the adoption of rationally substantiated arguments and conclusions. A number of scientific studies report a direct correlation between the higher cognitive functions, responsible for the making of logico-rational inferences, and the limbic system, which governs the manifestation of unreflected irrational attitudes and reactions. In the light of such empirical evidence, any frivolous usage and reference to methodological components such as “rational intuition” seems highly problematic, to say the least.

Фикционални спрямо действителни и възможни светове: истинност и онтологически статут

Author(s): Maya Gorcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

How can we define fictional worlds if we use the criteria of logic or ontology? Starting from this question, the current article deploys the possible worlds theory to examine the specifics of fictional worlds as opposed to that of the actual and the possible worlds. In conclusion, the article presents the viewpoint of aesthetic practice, as well as Albert Camus’ concept of the novel as an achieved unity and integrity in the understanding and comprehension of the world.

Филозофија и софистички дух времена

Author(s): Zoran Arsović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

The paper deals with the philosophical analysis of the spirit of the time and the thematization of the so-called crisis of the polis. The main intention is to show its importance not only for the purpose of finding out about the fifth century, but for the purpose of understanding our own time as well.

Философия космоса: место человека в масштабах Земли и космоса. Глава первая

Author(s): Oleg Bazaluk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 16/2016

In the first chapter of the monograph, the subject of the author’s research is Dasein. On the one hand, reminiscence of Heidegger’s ideas allowed the author to use a reputable research of famous philosopher of the twentieth century, as well as a large cohort of researchers’ his work and followers, on the other hand, avoided direct reference to Heidegger’s texts and his theorists. The author investigated the research question as “What is Dasein in the philosophy of the cosmos?” which is not based on Heidegger’s ideas but only on the appeal to them. The author suggested that the philosophy of the cosmos as he created a methodological structure for the penetration and opening of Dasein to its maximum extent. The author used the dialectical, system-structural, structural-functional method, as well as methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis. The author’s main contribution to the research of the topic was a response to the following questions: 1. “What is philosophy?”, namely, philosophy is: a) a certain kind of action which causes historical events (Marx’s understanding of philosophy)? or b) questioning i.e. asking questions about Dasein and being and the search for answers to them (Heidegger’s understanding of philosophy)? 2. “What methodological apparatus should be involved for the disclosure of the manifold meanings of Dasein?” 3. “What is Dasein?”.

Философская проблема «существования»

Author(s): Leonid Djakhaia / Language(s): Russian Issue: 16/2016

Historically known for three major types of philosophy, that developed in parallel in every human civilization, and therefore do not exclude each other, and in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity only complement each other in many different respects: scientific philosophy, anthropology and religious philosophy. The more we come to know and deeply immense world around us, the more clearly and insistently arises the main philosophical question: why something exists? After all, it would be easier if there was nothing at all, including the people asking this tricky question. Nevertheless, the world still exists (according to the “anthropic principle”), but, I ask, why? It does not matter, the existence of which there is a speech: the “matter”, “God”, “absolute spirit” or something completely different. That search for an answer to this question (why should something there?) Is the true purpose of philosophy if at all, the problem is solvable (in the sense of Kant’s “metaphysics”). And then there is a special philosophical category “existence”, which requires a special study.