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CATEGORIILE KANTIENE SI INTERPRETAREA LUI NOICA

Author(s): Mircea Diaconu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2015

Our study presents the ontological interpretation given by Constantin Noica to the table of categories in his main work „Becoming within Being”. The main stages of interpretation are being followed, while pointing out the lack of rigor in the Kantian critical discourse regarding certain matters. These matters are related to the category of limitation or the disjunctive judgment and the category of community. At the same time we will put forward some objections concerning Romanian philosopher’s interpretation showing that the problem of ontological interpretation of the categorical table remains open to newer, more determined and rigorous approaches.

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Various States of Lies

Various States of Lies

Author(s): Viivi Luik / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2016

Imentioned to a friend yesterday that I was preparing a lecture for the Night University and he was naturally interested in the topic. When I said I would talk about lies, he thought it was an exceptionally demanding theme. Together, we decided that once you are born into this world, there is no escape: you have to live.

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Metafizica lui Lucian Blaga în ipostaza unui „nou început”
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Metafizica lui Lucian Blaga în ipostaza unui „nou început”

Author(s): Vasile Musca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2015

This essay debates the problem of Lucian Blaga’s metaphysical system in relation with Martin Heidegger’s concept of “a new beginning” in philosophical thinking. According to the author, Blaga’s metaphysical thoughts transcend the history of metaphysics and are part of a new way of thinking, the “dogmatic” way, which brings the philosophical quarrels concerning metaphysics to an end. Thus, his writings, often considered “out of fashion” in comparison with other philosophical movements of his time, can be also viewed as “ahead of their time”.

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Contra-mitul  „paradisului  tragic”.  Despre  tâlcul  metafizic  al  cenzurii transcendente
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Contra-mitul „paradisului tragic”. Despre tâlcul metafizic al cenzurii transcendente

Author(s): Ionuţ-Constantin Isac / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2015

The paper is a re-focus on the ”transcendent censorship” concept in the metaphysic system created by Lucian Blaga, from at least two perspectives: the motivation of its introduction in the discourse universe and the role it plays in the overall const

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Negaţia la Mircea Vulcănescu şi cunoaşterea luciferică
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Negaţia la Mircea Vulcănescu şi cunoaşterea luciferică

Author(s): Cornel-Florin Moraru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2015

In this essay I tackle the problem of non-being in Mircea Vulcănescu’s thinking and put it in connection with Lucian Blaga’s concept of „luciferian knowledge”. The „luciferian” character of the concept of non-being gives negation a qualitative meaning, not an existential one, making it define the differences between the absolute and the factic, on one hand, and between various categories on the other. From this point of view, non-being and negation become key-concepts in Vulcănescu’s ontology because they are active in the constitution of the whole realm of existence and they predetermine human understanding of the world.

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O zasadach natury

O zasadach natury

Author(s): Thomas Aquinas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

This text is a translation of the treatise De principiis naturae (On the Principles of Nature), written by Thomas Aquinas. It provides a description of the basic questions occupying the philosophy of nature and metaphysics as Aquinas sees them. These questions are, first and foremost, the ones concerning the phenomenon of becoming, which, according to Aquinas, constitutes the basic object of investigations conducted by the philosopher of nature. In the treatise, Aquinas distinguishes substance from accidents; describes the composite of matter and form, the four kinds of causes and how they are related to one another; and, finally, presents different kinds of necessity and identity.

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Próba ujęcia języka metafizyki w świetle pracy Język i świat realny Mieczysława Alberta Krąpca

Próba ujęcia języka metafizyki w świetle pracy Język i świat realny Mieczysława Alberta Krąpca

Author(s): Bartłomiej Marian Krzos / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

There is a need of the language to be a proper tool for transferring of all the riches of our thoughts. We consider the abstract thinking as one of the higher activities of human mind. That kind of thinking has its use in the domain of metaphysics. Considerations concerning language as proper for communication in metaphysics became the subject of the work Language and the Real World by Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec. After analysing Krąpiec’s work, one can conclude that natural language requires certain clarifications to be a communication tool corresponding with metaphysics. Well, it would be needed to extract a refined language in the context of the natural language. In order to extract it one would require a description of a dictionary and a definition of the rules for constructing well-formed formulae. After the analyses it turned out that the dictionary of the language in question would be a set of names. In turn syntax rules of that language should be based on a relation defined in the set of names. A relation that would be suitable to formulate these rules is known to linguists as hyponymy.

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Metaphysical Foundationalism: a New Form of Justification

Metaphysical Foundationalism: a New Form of Justification

Author(s): Aleksandr Kulieshov / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2016

A new set of metaphysical arguments in favour of fundamental reality is proposed in the article. For this purpose the notion of the state of the world is introduced. The standard concept of grounding underlying metaphysical foundationalism is taken into account. The correspondence of the new notion and the initial principles of metaphysical fundamentalism are confirmed. The proof of fundamental reality existence is represented based on formulated principles and empirical data.

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Zum verhältnis von Vorstellung und Traum

Author(s): Stephan Atzert / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2016

This article explains Schopenhauer's ʺEssay on Spirit Seeingʺ and his physiology of dream production and sets it in contrast to Nietzsche's understanding of dreams. The relationship of dreams to wakeful ideas about the world according to Schopenhauer is further developed with reference to passages from the Manuscript remains. As a result, the author proposes that the contrast between dream and wakeful realities sharpens the appreciation of wakefulness, and is not in conflict with reality (as Nietzsche had proposed). The sphere of representation as the location shared by dreams and wakeful realities is substantiated further with examples of dreams from the literary fiction of Wilkie Collins, Heiner Müller and Thomas Bernhard. These serve to emphasize the suprapersonal dynamics of dreams described by Schopenhauer. In conclusion, the author establishes parallels between dreams and literary fiction and notes that literary fiction, while not reality, may well be - in some instances at least - the truth about reality.

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Nesreća biti suviše srećan

Nesreća biti suviše srećan

Author(s): Vladimir Jankelevič / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 264/1981

Kao što suviše razummi razum sikreće u bezumlje, tako se i preterana sreća preokreće; jer opadanje počinje s najvišim stupnjem i bolje je neprijatelj dobroga. Činiti se ovde anđelom, ne bi samo znaoilo preterivati, nego još i nastavljati i beskrajno produžavati; jer ako dosada počinje mimo izvesnog nivoa, ona takođe počinje mimo trenutka. Konfuzija trenutka i intervala, neoprezno produžavanje vrhunca koji jedino može biti tačan, konačno nepoznavanje pojave koja nestaje — svi ovi uzroci kuju zaveru našem razočarenju. Propast sreće, drugim rečima dosada, putiče, pre svega, od trulljenja, od gubiltka obliika trenutka u intervalu. Naš neuspeh počkije pri prvom pokušaju koji učinimo da stabdlizujemo zadovoljstvo i da mu pružimo oblik dobrog duha, da bismo produžili, ustalili nestalno, varljivo doticanje jedne sekunde. Kako dugodnevnica traje samo jedan dan, tako se blažena svest koja je dostigla vrhunac blaženstva održava samo za vremensM trenutak; savršenstvo niije toilliiko nepristupačno, više je vrhunac nepostojan; do njega se može stići, ali ga ne možemo održati!

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Nesreća u sreći

Nesreća u sreći

Author(s): Ivan Focht / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 264/1981

Kao što se u noviije doba tvrdi da estetika izumire zato što njen predmet, umjetnost, odumire, tako se rađa predmet i etika problematika iz dana u dan sve više nestaje s duhovnog horizonta. Štoviše, u odbacivanju iili zanemarivanju etike otišlo se u danatšnjem sviijetu još dalje, jer su i sami etilčki pojmovi gotovo već lizašli iz jezičke upotrebe.

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Doxa (rječnik nesreće)

Doxa (rječnik nesreće)

Author(s): Milko Valent / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 264/1981

Tema, predmet istraživanja obiluje nesrećom nesavršenog ovdje, što je kasnije na vidjelu traganja izuzetno uočljivo. Pokušaj dovršava uobičajenim imperativom teorijskog, odnosno ljudskog bića: lutati u proizvodnjii dokučivog Istog, lutati do smrti. Za izostajanje sretnog kraja, naime da sreća jest, ne treba nikoga^ optužifi; osobito bi to bilo neumjesno nakon spoznaje ne logičike već životne istine da tema sreće riije metafizička tema, nego tema metafizike, zapravo tema metafizičke žudnje za apsolutnim.

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Magijsko saznanje nadrealnog

Magijsko saznanje nadrealnog

Author(s): Bojan Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 277/1982

O nadrealnom je razvijeno vrlo precizno shvatanje u okviru magijskog pristupa i saznaja sveta. Kao magijski cilj, nadrealno se može približno odrediti pojmom čudesnog koje, prema Bretonu, " svetli na krajnjem vrhuncu životnog klretanja i obuhvata čitavu osećajnost."

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Abstract Objects in a Metaphysical Perspective

Abstract Objects in a Metaphysical Perspective

Author(s): Aleksandr Kulieshov / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2018

The article presents an unconventional although not absolutely unprecedented view on abstract objects defending the position of metaphysical realism. It is argued that abstract objects taken in purely ontological sense are the forms of objects. The forms possess some common characteristics of abstract objects, they can exist not in physical space and time and play a grounding role in their relation to concrete objects. It is stated that commonly discussed abstract objects – properties, kinds, mathematical objects – are forms.

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Johannes Volkelt und Heinrich Rickert angesichts des Problems der Metaphysik

Johannes Volkelt und Heinrich Rickert angesichts des Problems der Metaphysik

Author(s): Tomasz Kubalica / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2014

The paper elucidates and compares Johannes Volkelt’s and Heinrich Rickert’s positions on the problem of metaphysics. It presents an analysis of views representative of the metaphysical approach of early neo-Kantian Johannes Volkelt and representative of Baden School of late Neo-Kantian, Heinrich Rickert. In the article I would like to make the reconstruction and the analysis of philosophies of Volkelt and Rickert in the context of the problem of metaphysics. The object is the content, premises and consequences of their philosophy in comparison to Neo-Kantian and other philosophies. The basis for the reconstruction are their expressions in their various writings. The purpose is the analysis of the transformation of Western metaphysics and their influence on the contemporary thinking about the world.

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Uwagi do przekładu: wyjaśnienie założeń systemowych metaizyki Wiktoryna

Uwagi do przekładu: wyjaśnienie założeń systemowych metaizyki Wiktoryna

Author(s): Jacek Ruszczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2014

Redaktor edycji Pierre Hadot dokonał wyboru fragmentów oznaczonych kolejnymi numerami z Traktatów teologicznych Wiktoryna. Wybrane teksty zostały podzielone na trzy grupy. Przedstawiamy tutaj tłumaczenie pierwszej grupy zatytułowanej Bóg jako Nie-byt ponad Bytem. Grupa druga występuje pod nazwą Jedno i triada mocy esse, vivere i intellegere. Trzecia zaś nosi nazwę Akt i forma. Ponieważ oryginalny tekst łaciński jest trudny, dlatego postanowiliśmy dodać objaśnienie w formie ogólnego podsumowania. Pozwoli to przeprowadzić pełniejszą rekonstrukcję poglądów Autora skupionych wokół problematyki bytu i niebytu, co z kolei powinno dać w efekcie lepsze zrozumienie jego myśli. Zobaczmy, jak Wiktoryn pojmuje i przedstawia neoplatoński schemat rzeczywistości.

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Suárez’ Disputationes metaphysicae (1597) und die mittelalterlichen Transzendentalienlehren

Suárez’ Disputationes metaphysicae (1597) und die mittelalterlichen Transzendentalienlehren

Author(s): Rolf Darge / Language(s): Polish Issue: 55/2010

According to the prevailing view Suárez’ transcendental theory in the first part of his Disputationes metaphysicae follows the outline of the scotistic scientia transcendens. This view needs some correction: While Suárez adopts the scotistic quidditative and univocal concept of being, he does not follow scotus’ way of thinking in the elaboration of his theory of the transcendentals. Rather by a systematic examination of the scotistic position he develops a new transcendental approach. It contains the program of an inner conceptual explication of the nature of being as such. This program requires to overcome the cognitive models, which are at the base of the scotistic scientia transcendens: the model of composition, which rules the transcendental analysis and the model of real property (proprium, per se accidens) which rules Scotus’ interpretation of the attributes of being as being. These attríbutes (passiones entis) according to Suárez immediately explicate the nature or perfection of being as being. By this assumption – directed against Scotus – Suárez tries to think transcendentality of being in a radical way also in view of the attributes of being as such, and – although these attributes then have to be considered as being only conceptually and not really distinct from being as such – to conserve metaphysics as a scientia realis: by the account of the – only conceptually distinguishable – attributes of being in general metaphysics gives a veritable explication of the real nature of being. In a very similar way the objective and the method of the transcendental explication of being were understood by Aquinas and other medieval authors in the prescotistic tradition of the doctrine of the transcendentals. Suárez consciously takes up this tradition. So it seems that his examination of the scotistic position aims at a competitive alternative theory, which continues and transforms the prescotistic line of transcendental thought on the base of the unified quiditative concept of being. Suá- rez’ transcendental theory therefore may be inscribed in the “Wirkungsgeschichte” (history of effects) of the scotistic as well as of the prescotistic – especially thomistic – doctrine of the transcendentals.

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Metafizyka - nieznana książka Wincentego Lutosławskiego

Metafizyka - nieznana książka Wincentego Lutosławskiego

Author(s): Tomasz Mróz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2007

The article presents the last work of the well-known Polish neo-messianist philosopher, Wincenty Lutosławski (1863-1954), who was also famous as a researcher into Platonic chronology. The typescript of the Metaphysics was preserved in The Archive of Science of Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (PAU) in Cracow, and also by philosopher’s daughter - Janina Lutosławska (1922-2006). It was recently edited and published. Lutosławski worked on Metaphysics till the last years of his life. Metaphysics is divided into three parts: (1) Knowledge of Reality, (2) Theory of Personality, (3) Discovery of God. Part (1) is a historical and logical reconstruction of the development of philosophy. Part (2) deals with classification of characteristics of personalities. The third part presents four paths towards discovering the existence of God. The Metaphysics proves philosophical development of Lutosławski, who consciously tended towards personalism; his personalism, however, was rooted in 19th century’s Polish messianism. Moreover, in the light of Metaphysics all the objections stating Lutosławski anti-semitism must fall.

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Simplicity and Complexity in Metaphysics

Simplicity and Complexity in Metaphysics

Author(s): Aleksandr Kulieshov / Language(s): English Issue: 06/2018

The article deals with the problem of simple and complex objects in metaphysical research. It is stated that the ultimate simplification of reality theoretical models follows from the nature of metaphysical knowledge. The modern metaphysical conceptions of fundamental simplicity and fundamental complexity of existing objects are discussed. They are the conceptions of full and distributional monism, mereological nihilism, and the traditional binary or binary-based models of the foundations of reality, ascending to Aristotle. The paper shows that these conceptions and ideas do not simplify reality as much as possible. The problematic and ambiguous nature of the conceptions considered is that all complicating factors are not excluded in them. This leads to a situation where further grounding of the entities that are accepted as the simplest ones is required. The state of the full simplification in metaphysics is defined. It is argued that ultimate simplification requires the exclusion of qualitative multiplicity and quantitative definiteness, the exclusion of the distinction between substance and its qualities, between the entity and the law, the relation or condition which ground it. The entity identified in the process of ultimate simplification must be quantitatively indefinite, identical to its quality and substratum, indistinguishable from the law, the condition or the relationship of its grounding. Such an entity can be the starting point for the construction of a metaphysical model of the world as a consistent complication of entities.

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The End of Time or Time Reborn? Henri Bergson and the Metaphysics of Time in Contemporary Cosmology

The End of Time or Time Reborn? Henri Bergson and the Metaphysics of Time in Contemporary Cosmology

Author(s): Paula Marchesini / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2018

In this paper, I evaluate the work of two contemporary cosmologists, Julian Barbour and Lee Smolin, through the lens of Henri Bergson’s metaphysics of time. Barbour and Smolin center their cosmological systems on their respective philosophical conceptions of time: for Barbour, time is a human illusion that must be eradicated from cosmology; for Smolin, time must be considered a reality of the universe, a force of change that underlies our everyday observations and which not even the laws of physics can escape. Both systems, however, run into dead ends. Barbour cannot escape dealing with observed movement and change and ultimately restricts them to the human brain, where these phenomena are left unexplained; Smolin posits the need for a meta-law that would account for why temporal phenomena unfold as they do, but fails to provide such a law. As I will show, Bergson’s original take on the problem of time has a lot to offer to both sides of the debate. On Barbour’s side, it provides compelling arguments against the latter’s eradication of time, which, if accepted, would invalidate the philosophical assumptions behind his cosmology; on Smolin’s side, Bergson sidetracks the “meta-law” problem and offers a deeper understanding of time than the one presented by Smolin, putting forth a consistent philosophical theory of time which, as I will show, is missing from the latter’s work. Ultimately, my aim is to illustrate, through Bergson’s work, how, without the aid of philosophy, cosmology is likely to keep running into such dead ends.

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