ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ТЕРРОРИЗМА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ПУБЛИЦИСТИКЕ ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XIX – НАЧАЛА ХХ ВЕКА

Author(s): Airat Shamilevich Bik-Bulatov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

The article deals with the main interpretations of the Russian political terrorism of the second half of the 19th and the early 20th centuries in the journalistic writings of the said period. The views of revolutionary terrorists, the followers of the Pochvennichestvo and liberal Narodnichestvo movements, and early Marxists are presented. The ratio of sociopolitical types of a nihilist, revolutionary and terrorist in the journalistic essays is found out. The dynamics in understanding the image of a terrorist, associated with the overcoming of its glorification in socialistic press of the early 1900s is traced.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФИЛОСОФИИ НА СТРАНИЦАХ «УЧЁНЫХ ЗАПИСОК КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА»

Author(s): Yuriy Nikolayevich Ivanov,Valeriy Vasilyevich Korolev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

In this article, we analyze the process of development of philosophical ideas at Kazan University during the Soviet and post-Soviet period and their reflection on the pages of the journal Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. We reveal areas of research carried out at the Department of Philosophy and make a conclusion that Uchenye Zapiski adequately reflected the level of philosophical thought at Kazan University in the given period.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ФИЛОСОФСКОЙ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ «ЕВГЕНИЯ ОНЕГИНА» (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПЕРВОЙ ГЛАВЫ)

Author(s): Evgeniy Vasilevich Sintsov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The development of meanings similar to philosophical ideas is revealed in the first chapter of “Eugene Onegin”. A.S. Pushkin based them on the complex and contradictory relationship between the protagonist and the way of his life. Onegin’s dependence on the latter and attempts to assert his individuality in the whirlwind of everyday life give rise to a number of artistic problems, which are close to philosophical reflections on the meaning and purpose of human existence, happiness and its sources, true and false values, as well as their ability to fill life with genuine or illusory sense. The paper proves the thesis that such artistic and philosophical ideas organize the internal artistic unity of the first chapter, turning it into an exposition of “Eugene Onegin” as a philosophical novel.

ФАНТАСТОВЕДЕНИЕ И ТЕОРИЯ ЖАНРОВ

Author(s): Artem Aleksandrovich Zubov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

Science fiction studies is a relatively young branch of the humanities that has emerged in the middle of the 20th century. Currently, science fiction studies is a vast network of interdisciplinary research that concentrates on functionality and poetics of fantastic (or, as John Clute has promoted since 2007, ‘fantastika’) literature, cinema, video games, comics etc. Search for genre identity is one of the main concerns of the genre theory in both academic methodology and science fiction studies. Scholars commonly single out three main approaches in the genre theory: essentialism, structuralism, and pragmatism. None of the approaches is universal, i.e., they are all characterized by both benefits and certain limits. While the former two approaches are influential and established analytical paradigms, the latter one is a recent analytical invention. Pragmatism of the genre theory is interdisciplinary per se – its methodology is based on social sciences, sociology of literature, cultural studies, and discourse studies. Pragmatism derives from a number of branches of the humanities in order to solve fundamental problems of the literary theory, particularly the problem of genre genesis. This paper is an attempt to delineate contours of the genre theory in science fiction studies from essentialism to pragmatism.

ЖАНРЫ СТИХОТВОРНОЙ ПАРОДИИ И ЭПИГРАММЫ В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ А.Г. АРХАНГЕЛЬСКОГО И А.А. ИВАНОВА

Author(s): Lev Dimitrievich Galkin,Artem Eduardovich Skvortsov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The paper considers comparison of the literary methods of two most prominent Russian satiric poets, A.G. Arkhangel’skii and A.A. Ivanov. Their literary heritage was analyzed by the researches only separately and not in full. Comparison of the authors has been done for the first time. Both satirists did a lot for the evolution of the genres of verse parody and epigram. The development of these genres in the first part of the 20th century went under the sign of A.G. Arkhangel’skii, the second part – under the sign of A.A. Ivanov. A.G. Arkhangel’skii is considered to be the founder of the genres of parody and epigram in Soviet literature. A.A. Ivanov cannot be called his direct follower, for he just took the vacant place of a parodist in the late Soviet literature. The literary strategies of A.G. Arkhangel’skii and A.A. Ivanov were different. A.G. Arkhangel’skii parodied only undoubtedly prominent or widely popular authors. Unlike him, A.A. Ivanov was ready to parody every poet, both famous and unknown if he found that their poems had some failed lines, expressions or images. Many of A.A. Ivanov’s addressees became known all over the country only after their lines had been stated by the satirist as an object of parody in the popular TV-show “Vokrug Smekha” (Around the Laughter). A.G. Arkhangel’skii in his works bore in mind the classical system of genres and thought his goal was to understand the literary-artistic world of the satirized author. Both best and third-best litterateurs became objects of his smart and witty analysis. Therefore, A.G. Arkhangel’skii implemented the philological approach in his parodies and epigrams. A.A. Ivanov, having developed in the Soviet time when many previous achievements of the native culture had been long forgotten or dismissed, found his main goal in withstanding ignorance, imitation, banality, and playing familiar terms with classics. Such approach should be characterized as guarding and enlightening. The epigrams and parodies of A.A. Ivanov were not mere literary gestures, but also had some didactic functions. The only criterion for both standard and taste was the parodist’s individual point of view. Thus, the balance between playing jokes and moralizing was not always observed.

ПИСАТЕЛЬСКИЙ СТИЛЬ ЧАКА ПАЛАНИКА

Author(s): Anastasiya Igorevna Zholud / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

This paper is devoted to the writing style of Chuck Palahniuk, a modern American author. The writer owes the international acknowledgment to his scandalously famous novel “Fight Club”. He has been named “the king of counterculture” due to the nihilistic themes and motifs used by him. Ch. Palahniuk’s creativity has been often examined in the light of the influence of the romantic tradition; special attention has been paid to the existential problematics, which appears to be the major focus of many of the writer’s novels. Ch. Palahniuk’s most emblematic works, especially his non-fiction book “Stranger than Fiction: True Stories”, as well as the novels “Fight Club” and “Invisible Monsters”, served as the basis for analyzing the author’s creativity in this paper. Ch. Palahniuk’s numerous interviews and the works of a number of American researchers and scholars, who associate Ch. Palahniuk’s creativity with the traditions of the New Journalism, were also considered. The conclusion was made that the technique used by Ch. Palahniuk in most of his works makes it possible to consider them in the light of postmodernism. Minimalism and dynamism are the key features of the writing style of Ch. Palahniuk, which make his works more understandable and attractive to the general public.

METAFORA ŞTIINŢIFICĂ ÎN CONCEPŢIA LUI ARISTOTEL

Author(s): Cristinel Munteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2016

In this article, I intend to briefly present Aristotle’s view on metaphors, in general, and then focus mainly on his (implicit) theory of scientific metaphors. There is no doubt that such (short) presentations have already been made. In this context, the originality of my presentation will reside in the different perspective from which I approach the subject-matter. In other words, my aim is to clarify certain aspects of Aristotle’s theory of metaphors, namely those aspects that may seem strange to today’s readers who understand metaphor in a dissimilar way. For instance, one can sometimes notice that the ancient Greek philosopher praises the use of metaphors, while other times he does not agree with their use. I will try to demonstrate that Aristotle is not at all contradictory in his suggestions, if we were to consider the essence of each of the three types of discourse (lógos pragmatikós, lógos poietikós and lógos apophantikós) which the great philosopher always considered.

On This Book’s Nature and Objectives

Author(s): Ivaylo Znepolski / Language(s): English Issue: 44/2017

Башлар и неговите вълшебства

Author(s): Jean Libis / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The article presents a sincere and personal view of Bachelard’s philosophy and his place in the philosophical community.

Сетивен и свръхсетивен свят в Хегеловата концепция за съзнанието

Author(s): Ivo Minkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The aim which is set in the research is a consistent analyzing of Hegel’s sensible world. Thus, it explicates the distinction between sensible and supersensible world. An important part is the specific, different understanding of the Subjective spirit’s structure, so as the entire Phenomenology. Such comprehension lays the metaphysical foundations and grounds of ethical life, like primordial, conceptual mediation. This prompting into representation of the bilateral dynamic between sensible and supersensible, to the unity and balance of feeling and reason understood like responsibility and necessity.

Nowa Humanistyka: w poszukiwaniu granic

Author(s): Agata Bielik-Robson / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Bielik-Robson proposes a critical analysis of the New Humanities. Despite the seeming continuity of emancipatory approaches, she argues, the New Humanities are not founded on enlightenment philosophy but on Heidegger and his unconditional critique of modern subjectivity and its Machenschaft, i.e. its calculating attitude to the world, to which it does not feel connected. The lack of connection also signifies a lack of ties: the unbridled subject of calculating rationality turns out to be the source of unlimited violence towards being. The New Humanities oppose the hubris of such a notion of subjective freedom by trying to identify its limits: to link it with existence once again, and in this way to tie it up, to entrap and tether it. The goal is to experience the ‘blessing of limits’: not to make a progressive or transgressive move towards the exit, but to make a regressive move, somewhat like the prodigal son – a manoeuvre that the tragic Greeks described as nostos or ‘return home’.

The Russian Orthodox Church: Building a Doctrinal National Identity in the Beginning of the 1990s

Author(s): Heta Hurskainen / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The building of a national identity for the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) at the beginning of the 1990s can best be understood by examining what are roughly the early years, from 1991 to 1994, when the foundations for the identity building were established. During these years, which were a time of chaos and reconstruction for the Russian nation, the ROC started to develop its understanding of national identity. This development took place in reaction to different kinds of crises, conflicts and problems, which the ROC faced due to a changed societal situation and which needed an answer, although the inner rebuilding of the ROC was still unfinished. The aim of this paper is to analyse the doctrinal argumentation on national identity that took place during those tumultuous times, when the ROC found itself situated within new national borders. My specific questions are: Were religious doctrinal arguments about a nation completely unthinkable in the chaotic situations at the beginning of the 1990s? Does a doctrine lose its religious nature and motivation when the ROC uses it as a means of co-operation with the state and politics? Did the ROC’s doctrinal interpretations generate a nation of peace or conflict in the 1990s?

Онтологично обосноваване на „съществуването“

Author(s): Georgi Donev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The goal of this article is to ground the ontologization of the logical subjectivity of philosophical thinking. The arguments for the thesis that “existence” is equivalent to the logical subjectivity of thinking in phenomenological form, defined by transcendental logical language, are shown. Ontology is a system of transcendental languages. The principle of every transcendental language is an introduction of the a priori logical relativity in the construction of possible phenomenological models of “existence”. The logical relativity does not allow the thinking of logical subjectivity, which has ontic genesis. The transcendental language constructs in ontological form the logical subjectivity, as well as eliminates a priori the logical contradiction, from which follows the destruction of language. Ontology understood as transcendental language is relative topology which determines a priori the logical topos of the possible logical subjectivity of consciousness.

Подходи към темата за некласическа наука

Author(s): Anguel S. Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The aim of the paper is adumbrating of approaches towards the explication of such type of theories and theoretical models within scientific knowledge that could be assessed to be non-classical. Criteria for such assessments ought to have in mind the specific character of the research domain and the mode of theorizing in the different scientific fields.

Аналитична философия на образованието – история, методи и перспективи

Author(s): Nikoleta Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

This article is concerned with a short review of the development and the perspectives of the analytic philosophy of education. The first part of the text describes the historical development of the movement and some of the basic topics involved in the major works of the supporters of the analytical approach. The second part examines the reasons for using conceptual analysis in the field of education, and the latter – the need to apply conceptual analysis in conducting research on education in Bulgaria.

Sporul în cunoaşterea ştiinţifică – o cronică a eforturilor şi rezultatelor?

Author(s): Henrieta Anișoara Șerban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

The growth of scientific knowledge should be investigated from the perspective of the philosophy of science and not merely from the perspective of the concrete results, registered by the history of science. From this hypothesis, the paper identifies key ideas and arguments (selected mainly from Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper) for a more accurate description and understanding of the growth of scientific knowledge starting from a distinction of the perspectives brought about by philosophy of science and, respectively, by history of science in what concerns the growth of scientific knowledge. The role of theory and practice in the growth of knowledge is also evaluated. Implicitly, this distinction involves also a distinction of the abstract, conceptual and qualitative aspects, different from the quantitative ones, (intuitively) associated with the specific of scientific knowledge and with that of the growth of scientific knowledge.

System; Input; Output: A Critique of Science from the Standpoint of Waste

Author(s): Ana Bazac / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

In this paper it is not so much about the epistemology of waste, but about the epistemology of science from the standpoint of the system theory. Although science meant from its beginning the search for causes and correlations –thus necessarily considering the systems it has focused on – its modern history presents rather a kind of dialectic of holistic and fragmentary approach. In other words, the inherent analytical approach in the construction of scientific theories, the deepening of the professional character of science and special disciplines have seemed to leading to the separation of the main results from the aggregate of results and phenomena. No one has aimed at discussing the residual/secondary phenomena, because what seemed to be respectable in the scientific research was the correlation between the laws or regularities, emphasised through difficult measuring and arguments, and the main phenomena “reflecting” the laws or regularities and targeted and pursued by the scientists. As we know, the accumulation of data, information and aimed theories emphasises the shortcomings and contradictions in the given corpus of science. At the same time, the coherence of theories is confronted with the real phenomena, irrespective here of the definitions we forge for “reality”. In the middle of the last century, the current of the integrationof fragmentary theories related to the sub-systems targeted by scientists into a general system theory has appeared and, obviously, has shaped the scientific outlook on the world, with all the inertial continuation of fragmentary research.Nevertheless, the systemic tackling had –and still has –a serious deficiency: the much weaker attention to the residual/”unintentional”results. But the thesis of the paper is that this deficiency is not so much generated by the internal logic of science than by the extra science logic of decision-makers who control science. Illustrating this thesis, the scientific view of Aristotle-Ludwig von Bertalanffy line is counter-posed to the present distortion of the real world full of all kinds of waste.The epistemological conclusion is that the problem of waste/consequences imposes the re-thinking and transformation of the whole model of input-processing-output system.

What does a new scientific spirit mean? Bachelard from the thirties of the last century and the science of our days

Author(s): Ana Bazac / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

My paper relates Bachelard’s main epistemological thesis –the new scientific spirit–in the 30s and some present tendencies in science. In its “Noumène et microphysique”, from 1931, Bachelard reveals a revolutionary change in the 20th century natural science: the definite proof of insufficiency of the traditional pattern of experimental physics of macro-bodies and searching for observable causes – where the starting point of the research was the empirical observation, where the end was to measure the material elements and the values of movements, where the pattern of decomposition were the object and at the same time the aim of researchers –to a complex “intellectualist” model where the most important moments of the research are the (new) theories/new conjectures which no longer assume the logic of isolating the phenomena from their context, where these phenomena are rather relations and effects than material particles, and where the scientific theory follows just the relations and effects which constitute the new objects, and not so much the material objects as such as in the Newtonian science.And: where the understanding of this relational reality is the result of mathematical forms which are not a simple calculus of visible phenomena, but expressions of the internal deep constitution and laws of existence. In this new type of research, the empirical observation is only a starting point and a moment between the theoretical construction and its mathematical clearer manifestation and proof back and forth.All these elements are developed by Bachelard and are considered here as a mirror (or, rather, a beacon, or, not in a metaphorical language, a criterion) for the present epistemology as this one is visible in some aspects focused on by the present sciences.Indeed, nowadays – and in the trail of Bachelard – and though there is an inertial tendency to put only physics at the origin of the scientific knowledge of the world (and in this sense, to confront the classical model of Newton and Einstein physics), epistemology considers at least three aspects configuring the scientific outlook and, perhaps, world-view: the sciences of the living,givingusnew ways of understanding, including the inanimate material logic, as well as its qualitative progress; the inter and trans-disciplinary relations of the scientific steps,givingnew realms of the world; the holistic approach as methodology and (practical/technological) representation of the world. Therefore, the evolutionary epistemology – whose early representative was Bachelard –allows us to use the same comparative pattern, but concerning a broader space and leading to more refined perspectives about the world.

Fiction and Faction Perplexity in the Historical Discourse

Author(s): Nysret Krasniqi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

In this article the whole argument lies in discussing a close relationship between history and literature on the generic basis especially due to the long path of theoretical and philosophical coherence. From Antique to Postmodernism, the generic coherence of hybrid discursive formations dictated perplexity of defining perhaps separating the very idiosyncratic composition of them. Thus, this article deals with the philosophy of history in terms of its reflecting on literary discourse or in philosophy of literature. This ambiguity provoked many discussions hereby melted within the philosophical ideas and literary theories with the prior aim finding best possible ways toward idealized truth both in the discourse of history and literature.

Love Strong as Death: Towards Another Finitude

Author(s): Agata Bielik-Robson / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The essay focuses on love as a characteristic marker of a finite existence and its inherent relationship with others. Against the thanatophilic thought of Martin Heidegger, who defined human life as being-towards-death, the author would like to develop a philosophy of love which is, at the same time, an alternative philosophy of finitude. In order to do so, she evokes the Jewish concept of ahava which cannot be reduced either to the Greek sublimatory eros or the Christian agape. The author understands ahava as a way in which finite contingent life says yes to itself as a life, and not as a short-lasting moment of being, dead the very moment it gets born (as in Schopenhauer.s famous pun: natus est denatus). She also claims that there is a specifically Jewish conception of the love of the neighbour, which cannot be conflated with the Christian one and which implies its own rendering of both ‘love’, constituting an alternative to death, and ‘the neighbour’, constituting the truly singular other.