Epistemological Ethics. New Ethical Dimensions of Knowledge

Author(s): Cornelia Gashparel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The man’s position in relation to knowledge forms and regaining his dignity in terms of its unity as a being endowed with mind and soul is the essence of the epistemological theory of ethics. The thesis from which we start the new foundation of ethical theories is that: in conditions of freedom or adaptation / surviving, within the size of which the perception, representation, intention and action may bring about, one can see the human nature endowed with mind and soul. Knowledge theories aim the man and his entire ethical value that finds itself in the manner of government and social and moral living. Between the man’s „evil” and „good” we must explain the idea of solidarity, justice, truth and freedom. Within the universal value of the soul, the history of religions finds its place and the ethical values largely justify both the life here, and especially the one beyond. Or, in this new light it is required to see the ethical value of man and necessary alliances are needed that initially would require putting together those individual researches in various fields that complete harmonization of knowledge. This fact would imply a unity in diversity of ethical theories about man and society. Within the architecture of the new theory of epistemological ethics the value of human ethics and the role of ethics in theory of knowledge can be seen.

Философското познание в информационната епоха

Author(s): Anna Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Since contemporary society of Western civilization is grounded on the pragmatic attitude toward knowledge, the demand for usefulness does not surpass philosophy as well. Social changes in the so called “information age” reignite the old historical question about the value of philosophy, this time in a different cultural context. The article challenges the common vision of philosophical work as purely intellectual and explores two main aspects of the practical implications of philosophical knowledge in modern day. The first aspect is the epistemic value of criticism in the information-overloaded environment of contemporary life. The second is the role of philosophy as a guardian of free thinking and the spiritual autonomy of public consciousness, provided by the constant moral awareness and farseeing of the practicing philosophers.

Дехуманизация и антихуманизъм в съвременната култура

Author(s): Momchil Shivachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

Human – this is the most complicated and unique creation of the immense universe! In one way or another, Homo sapiens has always been a main topic of the various scientific branches, even not only of the humanitarian ones. In attempts to study itself, humanity has always, in each separate era, shaped its original and specific cultural horizon. During the Renaissance ages, writers, poets, artists, musicians and creators as a whole, viewed and perceived the perfect human as a ”wreath of nature”. But unfortunately today this “pedestal” has been brutally destroyed. We can blame this kind of negative state mostly on the American type of culture which is very widely spread and copied by the rest of the nations. In this sense, the cultural messages of the USA have long been provoking humanity’s value consciousness and also suggesting a large number of dehumanization and anti-humanism examples. In this way, the above specified negative issues could be summarized in at least five cultural trends:

Нихилизмът – негативната диалектика на Фридрих Ницше

Author(s): Rosen Rachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

Human life is an endless sequence of problem situations and ways to overcome them. Friedrich Nietzsche proclaims doubt and nihilism as forms of existence in problem situation. They are the foundation of the reassessment of all values. This reassessment is oriented to traditional, approved and wide spread principles and norms in society. The skepticism is an initial position and a transitional stage of denial. If someone denies something without thinking of it, he acts emotionally. Friedrich Nietzsche is a nihilist because his attitude is based on doubts, which are rationally motivated. In this paper the arguments are derived from his books” Human, All Too Human”, and “The Gay Science”. There are a lot of similar arguments in other Nietzsche’s books that will be discussed in next papers

Границите на Кантовия категориален синтез

Author(s): Dimitar Tsatsov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

The article offers a discussion of the (im)possibility to apply the categories of transcendental analytics to objects beyond the possible experience as things in themselves, God and freedom.

Възход и падение на догматичната естетика. Тодор Павлов срещу Исак Паси

Author(s): Ivan Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The main idea of the article is that the Marxist-Leninist aesthetics in its extreme and dogmatic variant, shared by academic Todor Pavlov, leads to theoretical disorganization not only in the field of aesthetics but in the general artistic field as well. This happens because the treatment of aesthetics simply as an ideological and political norm system inevitably leads to the disappearance of art as anything other but ideology and politics. The article examines an extremely dangerous dogmatic reduction that does huge harm on the ever-present diversity of art. By means of this reduction dogmatism through its political and ideological concepts is even capable of destroying art. Dogmatism ideologically mystifies art, thus in fact obliterating it.

Феноменология на въображението

Author(s): Silviya Kristeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The phenomenology of imagination must be built on the becoming of the specific phenomena produced by the creative power of the imagination. Here the imagination is established as an autonomous faculty with its own region, and the constitution of its phenomena aims to build the art image. The genesis of the art image is defined in the conditions of Kant’s productive synthesis, carried out on autonomous procedures and rules, and the steps in the generation of the art image in the pure continuum of intuition are traced. The objective modes in the work of the imagination are subdivided into real, on depiction and generalization of external reality, purely fantastic, on an entirely artistically generated world, and hybrid, which always mixes elements of the real and the fantastic. As a telos of the art phenomenon, the relation towards the Absolute Ideal of Beautiful is stated, which relation is understood by Husserl as “setting the norm” of ideality for the art object.

‘Absolute Physical Patterns’ in Nili Portugali’s Holistic Phenomenological Approach in Arts

Author(s): Sylvia Borissova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The article is dedicated to the Israeli architect Nili Portugali’s holistic-phenomenological approach in the planning process in architecture, the creative process in arts and life as a whole. This approach is based on the British-American architect and design theorist Christopher Alexander’s empirical study on ‘absolute physical patterns’ and the common and ‘entire’ language which the pattern language is. Respectfully, a holistic phenomenology of architecture, organic order, sense of belonging, timeless quality, beauty and the ‘one value’ of the One Self—are integral part of this pattern language.

Трите смърти на Сергей Булгаков (софиология на смъртта)

Author(s): Nina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The text comments on the reflections of the Russian thinker Sergei Bulgakov on death, presented in the light of his doctrine of Σοφία. The article traces in chronological order the development of the theme of death in his works, beginning with the pre-revolutionary works “Philosophy of Economy” (1912) and “Unfading Light: Contemplations and Speculations” (1917), and ending with “Sophiology of Death” (1940). The author describes Bulgakov's three meetings with death, which gave rise to his special sophiology of death. The notion of death is analyzed as included in the divine kenosis, and not as an ontological misunderstanding. Death is also seen as a moment present in the dialectic of life – It does not disturb the beauty of creation.

Why American Education Today Ought to be Counter-Cultural

Author(s): Curtis L. Hancock / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In his article, the author points out the gradual domination of leftists in universities, which eventually affected all American institutions. This is very evident today in the leftist attitudes of the media, the legal profession, the bureaucracy, the government, and even the clergy. The author argues that because of this transformation, if one wants to assess the state of American society, one must address what has happened in the universities. As universities have normalized Marxist cultural principles and attitudes, the critic of higher education must expose these Marxist tendencies in schools. Because this Marxist tendency now dominates university culture, it must be demanded that higher education reform today be countercultural.

Философия с кауза

Author(s): Nonka Bogomilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

The paper discusses and analyzes the specificities of the creative interpretation as a reading comprehension. The creative product, especially in philosophy with a cause, is described as a personal projection of the author in the light of his/her professional background, values preferences, existential psychology. A special attention is paid to the value aspect of the creative process and the role of the author’s attitude within it. The studies in the philosophical-anthropological sphere are debated within the same perspective; the intellectual and the social challenges the author usually meets in this process are discussed.

За Емилия Минева, или за философията като стремеж към истината и като дело на живота

Author(s): Nikolay Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

Associate Professor Emilia Mineva was an established university teacher and historian of philosophy. Her rich body of work encompasses a study of the heritage of philosophical ideas in the 19th century with an emphasis, but not exclusively, on studies of Marxist philosophy, intellectual history of anarchism, philosophical ethics, etc. The field of her scientific interest included topics from all areas of philosophical knowledge, which she summarized as an author, editor, translator, and compiler. The article traces the professional path of prof. E. Mineva, focusing on the important moments in the content of her philosophical works, and is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of her birth.

Върху някои системо-творчески черти в есетата на Мишел дьо Монтен

Author(s): Kosta Bentchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

A short survey is conducted on the “architectonic” concepts lying behind the variety of Montaigne’s essays. This, according to the paradigmatic scheme for movement from the subjective (Spirit) through the objective (space) and their culmination into historicity (fate). Some elements of nominalism and pragmatism are being identified, along with elements of representationism in the field of epistemology. Special attention is drawn to the spatial characteristics of human emotional life according to the author, as well as to his ideas that supposedly stand close to deism and stoicism.

За смисъла и значението в речевата комуникация

Author(s): Elena Tsvetkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

In this article, I consider certain types of presupposition and quantitative implicatures, the interpretation of which is based on the usage of scalar expressions. The aim is to explain how presuppositions and implicatures are processed by showing the commonalities and differences between them. Solving this task will shed light on the question of the relationship between language and context. The “scalar implicature approach to presuppositions” is reviewed as a prerequisite for explaining cases in which presuppositions and implicatures are treated in a similar way. The question of consideration is that even when scalar implicatures are understood automatically and independently of context, we have preliminary pragmatic models that predetermine context and influence the way we interpret such statements and how we arrange the terms on the scale. This approach is used as a prerequisite for the possibility of talking about degrees in the scales – i.e., cases of an utterance involving scalar expressions, where the same expression – both in presupposition and in an implicature – can mean something different to a certain degree, and yet the hearer grasp that degree of meaning without much additional effort in processing.

Архетиповете на Юнг и ейдосите на Платон – атомите на душата

Author(s): Milen Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This article attempts to reveal the relationship between Jung’s Archetypes and Plato’s Eidos. The thesis is advocated that, in the system of the individual psyche, the archetypal variety forms a two-unit hierarchy, representing the metamorphosis of primordial images into ideas and conditioning the 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒-𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 relationship.

Към елиминиране на догматичната естетика

Author(s): Ivan Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The process of liberation of Bulgarian culture from the orthodox aesthetics founded on class politics began in 1956 as an integral part of the general process of destalinisation and developed thanks to the formation of another generation of researchers in the field of aesthetics and criticism. This process developed mainly along the following lines: a) a search for a new answer to the question of what the essence of art is, an emphasis on its humanistic significance and critical social role; b) a decisive move closer to the current problems of artistic creation and to the innovative artifacts of modern Western art; c) the autonomous presence of art in social life requires a fundamental rethinking of form in relation to artistic content.

Philosophical Journey Through Time and Knowledge

Author(s): Nikolay Mihaylov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Statutul creştinismului într-un context religios naturalist-pluralist (la Fr. Schleiermacher)

Author(s): Ovidiu Cristian Nedu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

For Fr. Schleiermacher, the founder of the liberal stream of Protestant theology, religion is a natural function of all humans. Being natural and spontaneous, religious life and experiences are prior to any confession. Confessions are nothing but cultural codifications of natural religiosity. Christianity is a mere confessional “option”, as valid as any other confessional choice. Nevertheless, Schleiermacher particularly extols the Christian formulation of religious experience, considering it as a higher form of development of the natural religious conscience. It is only due to this excellency of Christianity that he chose this confession. The traditional Christian exclusivism, which claims validity only for Christianity, is rejected by Schleiermacher, who considers it as an appropriate religious attitude, resulting from a misinterpretation of the religious excellency of this confession.

Ницше. Топоси на духа

Author(s): Nina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Философия и въображение

Author(s): Christo Stoev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2022

The article analyzes one of the fundamental spiritual abilities of man – to imagine things that are not here and now. Imagination is a prerequisite for people's ability to have a world as opposed to having only an environment consisting of points of actual sensual or sensory irritation. It refers to things that are not here and now. They represent a great diversity by type and in kind and include the absent things, the lost things, the things not yet discovered, the things invented as well as the not-yet invented ones, these are the fanciful things, the counterfactual things, the impossible things, the only possible but not actual things, fictitious things, probable things, future things and past things. All these things are part of the human world and it is the imagination that makes them accessible to people. Thanks to the applied hermeneutic approach to the imagination six moments have been highlighted that generally constitute the scope of the power of imagination. The reflections on the etymology of the word and the reference to some phenomenological concepts have made it possible to outline those six moments. The second part of the article has a historical and philosophical character and dwells on the role and functions of the ability to imagine in knowledge.