Kompariranje logosa u kršćanstvu sa savršenim čovjekom Ibn Arebija

Author(s): Mansour Mo'tamedi,Vali Abdi / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 68-69/2015

The notion of pre-Christianity logos is found in an abstract form in ancient Greek philosophy as well as Judaism (ancient times and some works of Philo of Alexandria). In Christianity (Prologue to the Gospel of John), logos is for the first time identified with a historical character (Jesus), and Christians, namely, Church elders, attributed to logos some characteristics very much resembling Islamic Gnostic interpretation of the “perfect man”. In Islamic gnosis, Ibn Arabi gave a detailed treatment of the issue of the perfect man and gave standpoints comparable to Christian standpoints on logncesos. Having processed Ibn Arabi’s standpoint and standpoints of his commentators’ on the perfect man, as well as standpoints of Church elders on logos, we have concluded that, despite noticeable differences between these two terms, the question of embodiment of logos in Christianity still makes a huge difference regarding this issue.

Umijeće komuniciranja u gnostičkome djelu

Author(s): Mubina Moker / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 68-69/2015

Having in mind the manners of their creation and author’s communication with the recipient, the earliest gnostic papers writen in Persian from the first half of the XI century communicate with the recipient in the imperative mood and place him/her in the center of the communication act, thus requesting active participation in the reading process. They allow the recipient to establish and build its unique relation with the text, based on cognitive reading and “eavesdropping” of the essence of meaning, which will “move” him/her from the exoteric to the esoteric plane of reading, and transform him/her from a “passive reader” to an “active listener”. Thus, a gnostic text uses the necessity of its timeless and universal content to demand from the recipient to go back repeatedly, in which every next visit will encourage the recipient to build a new and unique and perceptive-experiential relationship with the text.

Разновидности на прагматистката концепция за истината

Author(s): Hristo Gyoshev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/1/2015

In this paper, I focus on the first formulations of the pragmatist conception of truth advanced by Charles S. Peirce, Ferdinand Schiller, William James and John Dewey. I attempt to delineate and compare the particular place of these four conceptions in the common framework of pragmatism, and to estimate their potential to replace the traditional understanding of truth as a ‘correspondence’ with an alternative concept based on the pragmatist understanding of truth. As the results show, the pragmatist philosophers do not really replace 'correspondence' with another concept, and while they often disapprove of it, they tacitly depend on its meaning for their conceptions of truth, which leads to an inconsistent position regarding the concept of correspondence. I also pay attention to the consequences of the pragmatist conceptions about truth for scientific knowledge.

Скица на един принос към изработването на методология за изследване на техниките на биополитическо управление в социалистическите режими и общества

Author(s): Momchil Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/2/2015

This paper discusses the possibility of applying Foucauldian analytical tools in the study of socialist political regimes and societies. The main argument is that Foucauldian analytics of micro-power relations goes beyond both the totalitarian and revisionist paradigms which focus exclusively on repressive and ideological state apparatuses and see resistance to the regimes as exterior to them. By so doing, both paradigms remain caught in the so-called “repressive hypothesis” accentuating the negative character of power exercised in socialist regimes. Foucault, on the other hand, could give us a more contextualized and complex description of how power relations (and biopolitical techniques in particular) operate positively in concrete historical situations, producing knowledge and truth (not “false consciousness”), groups, individuals, and subjects that function in a constantly unstable (and thus historically changing) conjuncture of forces.

Recenzje i omówienia: Herbert i świat Rzymu [dot. J.M. Ruszar: „Słońce republiki”]

Author(s): Marian Kisiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (7)/2015

The review of Józef Maria Ruszar’s book “Słońce republiki. Cywilizacja rzymska w twórczości Zbigniewa Herberta” (2014) [„Sun of the republic. Roman civilisation in Zbigniew Herbert’s work”]. The author of the review emphasises that Ruszar convincingly inscribed Herbert’s fascination with antiquity (especially Roman antiquity) in the whole historiosophical reflection of the poet. The conviction about the progressive disintegration of the structures of civilization and society was closely related in Herbert’s writing with the sustained defence of Roman virtus. However, the thesis that in his poetic work Herbert was disputing with the programme and ideology of the literary modernism is perceived by the reviewer as questionable.

Emancypacyjna obietnica posthumanizmu

Author(s): Joanna Bednarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2014

Politropia: retoryka Odyseusza

Author(s): Wojciech Ryczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

In the first verse of his epic poem about Odysseus’s return to Ithaca Homer describes his hero using the complex adjective polytropos. Ryczek discusses interpretations of this multivalent epithet, focusing on the most frequent characterizations of ‘the man of twists and turns’ (to borrow Robert Fagles’s English translation of the Greek anthropos polytropos). For Socrates, Plato and Antisthenes, Odysseus embodies practical wisdom; for Sturm, Sokołowski and Rybiński the wandering Odysseus represents a leader in search of wisdom, while Pucci and Peradotto stress that the hero describes the game of signification within the epic tradition. As a rhetorical competency that links invention (the search for effective arguments) with elocution (the use of many rhetorical figures in speech), polytropia constitutes a regulative idea that signals a masterful use of words when it comes to calling a thing by its name. As a figurative art, i.e. the ability to use a broad range of tropes and figures of speech, it remains an attempt to diversify linguistic forms in response to the diversity of the world and the multiplicity of human experiences.

On sexuality, carnality and desire: philosophical reflections on the film The Monk

Author(s): Natalia Anna Michna,Dominika Czakon,Paulina Tendera / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The eighteenth‑century English writer matthew Gregory Lewis wrote one of the most dramatic Gothic novels, The Monk; over 200 years later, a film of the same name appeared, based on the novel and directed by dominik Moll. The film, a free adaptation of the book, presenting the story of the moral downfall of the monk Ambrosio, has inspired us to philosophical re‑flections on sexuality, carnality and physical desire. In the context of these issues we have attempted to analyse and interpret this cinematic work of art. The method we have adopted is based on a thorough discussion on the topics developed in the film and related issues. This method, while not pre‑tending to scientific objectivity, enables us to outline an interesting field of research as well as to identify a number of theoretical problems and ques‑tions which remain open.The formula we have adopted is to quote lines from the film The Monk which permit the analysis of selected issues related to sexuality, carnality and physical desire. Moreover, these quotes serve to order the text and en‑able the precise identification of interpretive trains of thought.

Zbłąkany Eros? Freud i mesjański witalizm

Author(s): Paweł Dybel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2015

Review: Agata Bielik-Robson Erros: Mesjański witalizm i filozofia [Erros: Messianic Vitalism and Philosophy], Universitas, Cracow 2012

Panpsychism: A Meta-View in the Philosophy of Mind

Author(s): Artur Kosecki / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

In this article, my aim is to present panpsychism as a meta-view in the philosophy of mind rather than as a position that can be juxtaposed with leading positions such as materialism and dualism. I argue here that proponents of some versions of dualism, dual-aspect theory, some non-standard forms of physicalism, or idealism may be guided by the assumptions of panpsychism as a meta-view. For example, the literature includes positions such as Chalmers’ naturalistic dualism, Strawson’s physicalist panpsychism, and Sprigge’s idealist panpsychism, along with Nagel’s remarks on dual-aspect theory. I argue that panpsychism, as a meta-view, provides a framework within which to analyze how these positions address the mind-body problem. Consequently, I conclude that the solution to the mind-body problem itself remains neutral toward these positions. Instead of focusing on the elaboration of these metaphysical positions, attention should be directed toward the crucial issue for panpsychism: the combination problem.

Essence and Modality: Continued Debate

Author(s): Andrew Dennis Bassford / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Here I offer a critical evaluation of modalism about essential properties. To that effect, I begin by rehearsing Fine’s now infamous counterexamples to pure modalism. I then consider two recent defenses of it, offered by Livingstone-Banks and Cowling, respectively. I argue that both defenses fail. Next I consider the most plausible variety of impure modalism – sparse modalism – which has recently been defended by Wildman and de Melo. Skiles has argued that sparse modalism fails too. I argue that Skiles’s counterexamples misfire; nonetheless, his conclusion that, like pure modalism, sparse modalism is too broad, is on the right track. And so, I offer an original objection – the sparse modal propria counterexample – to show that this is so. I conclude by considering ways the modalist might once again modify her account to circumvent this new objection and improve the account’s extensional adequacy.

Kant on Moral Autocracy, Moral Faith and Happiness

Author(s): Neşe Aksoy / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Kant’s account of moral autocracy as the strength of will to impose inner self-constraint is usually interpreted as being strengthened and promoted by the pursuit of the obligatory ends of perfection and holiness. In this context, moral autocracy is seen as something that can be achieved through one’s self-activity guided and encouraged by the ideals of perfection and holiness. In this paper, I argue that, in addition to the moral ends of perfection and holiness, moral autocracy also requires moral belief or faith as a guide to achieve a lifestyle that is peculiar to the highest good, i.e. a life conduct that is well-pleasing to God. In view of this, I argue that moral autocracy in conjunction with moral belief or faith leads to a morally pure and refined way of living directed towards the purity of the moral law. Finally, I conclude that the morally refined and elevated form of lifestyle achieved by morally autocratic activity opens the ground for happiness that does not only refer to the satisfaction of one’s needs and desires but is also inclusive of the elements of enduring contentment, well-being, and bliss, which leads me to interpret Kant’s account of happiness as encapsulating a eudaimonistic dimension in it.

Compulsion, Ignorance, and Involuntary Action: An Aristotelian Analysis

Author(s): Huiyuhl Yi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Some remarks in the Eudemian Ethics and the Nicho- machean Ethics indicate that the voluntariness of actions is significantly related to compulsion and ignorance. According to a plausible interpretation, these remarks suggest that if an agent performs an action under compulsion or due to ignorance of some relevant facts, then she does so involuntarily. An objection to this interpretation with regard to compulsion is that an agent can voluntarily do what she is compelled to do. With regard to ignorance, one might object that it is necessary to clarify the proper range of relevant facts when considering whether an action performed out of ignorance is involuntary. In this paper, I develop two principles that align with the view that compulsion and ignorance are sufficient conditions for involuntary actions, while accommodating potential counterexamples and complications.

СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКОТО БОГОСЛОВИЕ В БЪЛГАРИЯ ПРЕЗ ХХ ВЕК – АКАДЕМИЧНИ ТРАДИЦИИ, ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛИ И НАСОКИ

Author(s): Kostadin Nushev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The marked 100-year anniversary of the establishment of the Faculty of Theology in Bulgaria in 1923 highlighted new tasks and defined some main priority directions for research by setting some important strategic goals in the field of research, systematization, documentation and popularization of the scientific creativity of researchers in the field of Systematic Theology. Efforts to research and systematize the main directions in the field of Dogmatic theology, Patrology, Christian ethics, History of religion, Philosophy and psychology of religion, Non-religious confessions and Inter-Christian dialogue, problems of sectarianism have emerged as an important priority in the studies that have continued over the last decade. Different Christian and non-Christian religious teachings, which were always deeply connected with the teaching and spiritual mission of the Church and the challenges to Christian scientific thought and higher theological education in Bulgaria throughout the twentieth century, are explored in systematic and comparative perspective.

Expanding Davies’s Pragmatic Constraint: A Pragmatist Principle for Philosophizing about Art

Author(s): David Collins / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

Winner of the Fabian Dorsch ESA Essay Prize. David Davies advocates a methodological principle he calls the ‘pragmatic constraint’, according to which ontology of art is answerable to epistemology of art, or ‘those features of our creative, critical, appreciative, and individuative practices in the arts that would withstand rational scrutiny’. This principle, while widely endorsed, has faced scepticism, charges of vagueness, and ambiguity concerning what counts as an instance of its correct application. I propose a similar principle that avoids these problems while doing the work for which the pragmatic constraint is meant, and one that is expanded in scope to apply to philosophy of art generally. Drawing on ideas from classical pragmatism, this new ‘pragmatist principle’ holds that (1) philosophy of art should centrally deal with philosophical problems that could arise for a reflective practitioner in the course of artistic practice, and (2) the solutions offered to those problems should be able to make some positive difference for, or tie back into and inform, future artistic practice, with ‘practice’ here including both art’s creation and its reception.

Sharing and Conflict of Perspectives: On Emmanuel Alloa’s Recent Book

Author(s): Jakub Čapek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

This critical note deals with the book The Share of Perspectives (2025) by Emmanuel Alloa, written as a ‘defense of perspectivism in the age of post-truth’. According to the book’s central claim, the structure of perspective implies both division and sharing. I trace Alloa’s remarkable expedition into the history of ‘perspective’, in both the history of painting and the history of thought, and conclude by noting the limitations of Alloa’s primary focus on epistemological issues and by highlighting two different meanings of the term ‘conflict’ in Alloa’s emphasis of the conflictual sharing.

Pre-Christian Philosophical Origins of the Idea of Logos

Author(s): Silviu Lupaşcu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

As a necessary link, in the history of religious ideas, between polytheistic and monotheistic establishments, a remarkable concordance, sapiential continuity and epistemological harmony characterize the pre-Christian philosophical positions on lógos, a transcendent principle that actively assist the supreme power of divinity in the making, organizing and governing of the spiritual universe, being at the same time immanent to the material universe, as an intelligible and causative determiner.

Spiritualitatea prin expansiune. Sacralitatea cosmică și îmbrățișarea acesteia, în teologia lui Fr. Schleiermacher

Author(s): Ovidiu Cristian Nedu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

Trying to outline a system of Christian theology suitable to the rationalist and scientist approach of the Enlightenment, refractory to the idea of "transcendent", Friedrich Schleiermacher founds his own theological system in cosmic perfection, in the perfection of the Universe, taken as a whole. Cosmic sanctity replaces the sacred transcendent God of traditional theology. The divine external to the world is replaced by the divinity intrinsic to the Universe, which bestows it perfection. In this theological background, religious experience, salvation of man can no longer signify a relation to a transcendent God, but embracing a broader perspective, vast enough to include cosmic sacredness. Spirituality is no longer achieved by ascension but by expansion, an expansion comprehensive enough to incorporate the divinity of the Whole. Sanctification represents the approach by which man himself restores his natural predisposition towards the connection to cosmic harmony, without being assisted, in his endeavour, by any external divinity.

Epistemologia historyczna jako podstawa metodologiczna dla krytycznej historiografii psychologii – Krystyny Zamiary badania dynamiki pojęć i programów psychologicznych.

Author(s): Jan Kornaj,Andrzej Pankalla / Language(s): Polish Issue: 69/2025

The article aims to showcase the usefulness of Jerzy Kmita’s methodology of historical epistemology for research in the field of the history of psychology analyzing the example of Krystyna Zamiara’s research of the dynamics of psychological concepts and programs. Both Zamiara and Kmita were members of the Poznań Methodological School that began to form in 1960s and developed in 1970s at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. Historical epistemology is a methodology of studying the process of the development of science, based on Marks’s dialectical materialism. It assumes that science is a social practice which development is determined by social, historical processes as well as ontological and epistemological assumptions of any scientific societies. Krystyna Zamiara applied historical epistemology to study covert assumptions determining the development of psychological programs. She also analyzed the development and the use of the notion of psychological parallelism and the consequences of accepting or rejecting parallelism for modern psychology. The article also points to similarities between Krystyna Zamiara’s historiography of psychology and the critical psychology in terms of philosophical inspirations, research subjects and goals. In the light of the identified similarities, Krystyna Zamiara can be considered a precursor of critical historiography of psychology in Poland

Репрезентация еврейской идентичности в диалоге Клеарха из Сол О сне

Author(s): Rustam Galanin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2025

The dialogue On Sleep by Clearchus of Soli is the first extant work depicting a personal meeting between a representative of the Jewish people and an ancient Greek. The character Aristotle is surprised by the deeds and words of a wise Jew. In fr. 6 Wehrli, Aristotle says that the wise Jew was a Hellenic not only in his language, but also in his soul. In fr. 7 Wehrli, we are told about a certain magician whom Aristotle met and who extracts the soul from a sleeping young man with a magic wand, and then returns it back into the body. In a number of fragments of the On Sleep, which were not included in the collection of Clearchus in Werhli, but included in the latest German edition by Tsitsiridis and in the English edition by Dorandi, it is said about certain mysterious people who feed on the sunny air and are not subject to sleep, with whom Aristotle allegedly talked. In our article, we propose the hypothesis that the miracle worker from fr. 7 Wehrli is identical to the wise Jew from fr. 6, and in two fragments from new editions, under sleepless and sunny-air-eating people, one must understand the Jewish ethnic group. In general, the representation of Jewish identity in this work of Clearchus is a vivid example of what can be called an Interpretatio Graeca.