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Bosniak literature in Ottoman period testifies to the case of how socio historical circumstances, which¸determined existence of Bosniaks as nation during the period of more than four centuries, did not cause¸cultural de-identification or ethnic assimilation of islamicized Slavs into the Orient. The sense of Slavic ethnicity remained present during the entire rule of Ottoman empire, which created and maintained¸specific, indigenous, Slavic-Islamic identity of Bosnian Muslims – Bosniaks.¸However, it should be emphasized that the affirmation process of the Slavic component of Bosniak¸identity in Ottoman period was not the result of organized strategy or prepared national or cultural¸program, but more instinctive, affective reaction to the socio-historical circumstances of national¸survival. Concrete activities in reference to the aformentioned process, started at the time of Austro-¸Hungarian occupation with Mehmed-beg Kapetanovic Ljubusak who was the first amongst Bosniak¸authors to separate ethnic and religious identity.
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The topic of Franciscanism in literature is not reserved solely for Ivo Andric (although ‘Andric’s Franciscans’ have been extensively written about within literary criticism), nor is it reserved for Croatian literature in general. This work, from imagological prospective, offers the reading of fifteen texts from modern Bosniak literature that vary in genre and which remember Bosnian Franciscans – historical personalities (Anđeo Zvizdović, Matija Divković, Juraj Dragišić, Ivan Frano Jukić, Grgo Martić, Matheus Bartl (Mato Banjalučanin), Miroslav (Tomislav) Filipović / Majstorović, Ljubo Hrgić, Ivo Marković), but which also offer an image of Bosnian Franciscanism, in Bosniak visure. It has been shown that the ideas and images of Bosnian Franciscans in poems, short-stories, novels and dramas of Bosniak literature are mainly positive, but even when they’re not – they are understandable and expected if one bears in mind the questions that are the subject of imagological consideration of the text: WHO, TO WHOM, WHEN and HOW is one speaking. The work concludes that between several views of the ethnic (cultural) identity being realized (also) in literature (from Karahasan’s garden to Lovrenović’s rainbow colours to Spahić’s “poetry of kaleidoscope”) it is not impossible to talk about all of them within one text i.e. about Bosniak literature at the same time and that Bosniak authors too are meritorious for the symbolical imaginarium of Franciscanism within the identification fields of Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature.
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Acest capitol cuprinde articole care vin să valorifice colecţia de carte a Bibliotecii Ştiinţifice USARB.
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War as a limit situation represents a national split both in an ideological and a identitary sense. Literature in postwar countries is, accordingly, often a field in which the reality of war is not just being processed, but also where the identity of a nation is being (de)constructed. In the case of the Bosnian- Herzegovinian identity, which was in a crisis even decades before the war in the 1990’s, this construction (or deconstruction) is still happening in literature. In novels such as Sedam strahova (Seven fears) by Selvedin Avdic this kind of war background for constructing an identity takes on a kind of mythical dimension, trying to “explain” the genesis of negative postwar social phenomena such as war profiteering, opportunism and overall moral decadency.
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This preliminary study might be classified as an academic inquiry from the perspective of genre archaeology. In this inquiry, the author attempts to search for the genre roots of debate as a form which shaped the public discourse of that time. To this end, the author presents various practices of debate in Athens at the times of Pericles and Aristotle. Further, she presents Aristotle’s opinion regarding the usefulness of rhetoric and debate for dispute resolution in a democracy as well as his genre division of the forms of public speaking. Lastly, the author discusses several educational practices thanks to which those genre models could have been solidified and passed on to the next generations.
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The present article has been based on particular reflections which appeared in selected texts of ecclesiastical writing in 17th and 18th century. Those texts underscore the necessity of maintaining balance between the value of the human intellect and the spiritual needs of man, between the order of nature (the cognitive capabilities of man, the desire for domination over nature) and the order of grace (subordination to the wisdom of the Providence, wisdom as a gift, the attitude of humility). Simultaneously, the authors of that time (preachers, moralists, authors of reflections) praised human wisdom and the drive to knowledge. The same praise of wisdom finds its reflection in the ways of portraying significant figures in the Christian tradition, in particular the saints and the beatified. Moreover, valuable insight can be derived from the remarks regarding the proper ways of reasoning and, by extension, creative approach to the learning process, both on the part of the teachers as well as the students.
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Jan Muthman, the first Lutheran pastor in Cieszyn is known first and foremost as the author of the book „The Allegiance to God and the Emperor in the Times of Pestilence…” published in 1716. This clergyman was also a translator of ecclesiastical writings intended for the inhabitants of the Cieszyn Silesia. One of such volumes was „A Hundred Rules for Living…” published in 1720. A linguistic analysis of this volume can provide significant insight into the regional variants of 18th‑century Cieszyn dialect of Polish.
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“Bogurodzica” has for centuries constituted one of the pillars of Polish culture. As the oldest religious song written in Polish, it designates avenues of interpretation of the medieval aesthetics both in literature and musicology. Moreover, its influence on society and the emergence of national identity cannot be overstated. Due to this monumental, sacrosanct nature, „Bogurodzica” has become an exhibit in the museum of medieval imagery. However, a song, even one which remains a symbol of the past, is always subject to revision during its performance. Thanks to its musical interpretation and reinterpretation, „Bogurodzica” can be read anew and made relevant, while those interpretations reveal hidden discourses. The following article aims at analyzing selected contemporary performances of the literary and musical relic, ruminating on its role in contemporary popular culture and the perception of the Middle Ages suggested by those performances.
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St. John Cantius is the primary patron saint of Poland. Due to his status as a professor in Alma Mater, he is particularly popular among the academic society, which popularized his worship across the centuries and contributed summa summarum to his canonization. The road of John Cantius in super Apotheosim was, however, long and full of dramatic twists and turns. It took a lot of effort on the part of many people to bring the canonical process to fruition. One of the people who made significant contribution to the popularization of John Cantius in the pre‑beatification stage (before 1676) was Rev. Grzegorz Jan Zdziewojski of Łask, a man whose commitment and sacrifices for the cause of John Cantius have been for centuries disregarded by the source texts and other studies. Thus, it seems prudent to use the 250th anniversary of the canonization of John Cantius (1767–2017) as a good occasion to redress the disservice done to this unjustly forgotten preacher, poet and bibliophile of Łask. The aim of the following paper is to bring the first poet of the Łask and Sieradz area back from the oblivion of history, who should be also regarded as an apostle of mercy and a martyr as well as the forefather of the regional movement in the literature of Polish Baroque.
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Türkiye’de Osmanlı alfabesinin değiştirilmesine ilişkin tartışmalar bu değişikliği uygulamaya koyan 1928 tarihli yasanın çıkartılmasından çok uzun süre önce başladı. Tartışmalar özellikle 1923-1928 tarihleri arasında yoğun bir şekilde devam etti (Korkmaz, 2009, s. 1974). Latin alfabesinin kabulünü uygun görenler olduğu gibi, böyle bir değişikliğe karşı çıkanlar da vardı. Latin harflerinin kabulünü savunanlar, nüfusun önemli bir kısmının okuma yazma bilmeyişi ve Latin harflerinin eski alfabeye kıyasla daha kolay öğrenilebildiği vb. savları öne çıkarttı (Ülkütaşır, 1998, s. 48). Bu köklü değişikliğe karşı çıkanlarsa, böyle bir değişikliğin mevcut yazılı kültür birikimiyle okuryazar kesim arasındaki bağın kopmasına sebep olacağı vb. savları kullandı.
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The book presents various aspects of literary representations of post-Holocaust trauma in texts of Polish and German literature. The phenomena of transgenerational memory transmission or – as Marianne Hirsh puts it – "postmemory" are an important element of the author’s reflections.
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The book presents various aspects of literary representations of post-Holocaust trauma in texts of Polish and German literature. The phenomena of transgenerational memory transmission or – as Marianne Hirsh puts it – "postmemory" are an important element of the author’s reflections.
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The book presents various aspects of literary representations of post-Holocaust trauma in texts of Polish and German literature. The phenomena of transgenerational memory transmission or – as Marianne Hirsh puts it – "postmemory" are an important element of the author’s reflections.
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The book presents various aspects of literary representations of post-Holocaust trauma in texts of Polish and German literature. The phenomena of transgenerational memory transmission or – as Marianne Hirsh puts it – "postmemory" are an important element of the author’s reflections.
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The book presents various aspects of literary representations of post-Holocaust trauma in texts of Polish and German literature. The phenomena of transgenerational memory transmission or – as Marianne Hirsh puts it – "postmemory" are an important element of the author’s reflections.
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The book presents various aspects of literary representations of post-Holocaust trauma in texts of Polish and German literature. The phenomena of transgenerational memory transmission or – as Marianne Hirsh puts it – "postmemory" are an important element of the author’s reflections.
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The book presents various aspects of literary representations of post-Holocaust trauma in texts of Polish and German literature. The phenomena of transgenerational memory transmission or – as Marianne Hirsh puts it – "postmemory" are an important element of the author’s reflections.
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The essay surveys the different types of identity transformations of the protagonists in the literary works of the Polish Romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz in the context of the physical and spiritual transformations of the humankind from Adam and Eve until the 21st century. The supernatural changes the Mickiewicz’s heroes undergo are based on the Romantic postulate that the rational mind cannot always provide an explanation for the things happening in our lives. Through the multiple identity transformations in his works, Mickiewicz underlines the strong connection between the worlds of the living and the dead and instructs his reading audience on how to deal with current social, ethical and nationally significant issues.
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The subject of the study is Vox (2018; Polish translation – 2019), the debut novel of Christina Dalcher, an American writer and linguist. The author presents the issues of interpersonal communication in a world in which some members of society (women) of a certain country have been allotted a daily word limit of 100 words. The novel concerns the problem of marginalization of a particular social group – determined by the criterion of biological sex – which confines them to the sphere of home, ultimately forcing women to withdraw from the public life. At the same time it touches upon a fundamental human characteristic: language and communication, which facilitate the creation of bonds in human societies. However, the curtailment of speech for one group has consequences for the communication process of the non-silenced group which has retained complete freedom of speech as well; after all, communication requires interaction and cooperation of at least two parties. The advantage of one party leads to the disappearance/destruction of dialogue, to authoritarian monologue. The novel is referred to as a feminist dystopia, a political novel, a novel of the Donald Trump era, a novel of the #MeToo era, a socially engaged, activist novel, a novel of manners, a linguistic thriller, a medical thriller. Each of these genological expressions directs the reading of Vox differently. Regardless of the readings, however, the novel remains a story about the premeditated atrophy of interpersonal communication.
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