SYSTEM GOLDACH: ÜBER KOMMUNIKATION UND SCHEIN IN GOTTFRIED KELLERS KLEIDER MACHEN LEUTE

Author(s): Onur Kemal Bazarkaya,Semra Öğretmen / Language(s): German Issue: 07/2016

In Kleider machen Leute (1874), written by one of the leading realist German writers, Gottfried Keller (1819-1890), the transition phase of the socially stratified societies’ into modern capitalism is debated in a literary way. In this work, the contradictions and weaknesses of the societies that are stuck in a transitional phase are depicted in a satirical language by using the scoundrel motif. Besides, by creating two different fictional cities called Seldwyla and Goldach, the attention is drawn to the inevitable dependence of the people on the layers in the community. The main character, as an unemployed poor tailor apprentice with a rich appearance treated like an earl by the Goldach society, reveals the social stratification of the society in a critical perspective, due to the consideration that only someone from the upper classes can have a good appearance is still dominant in the society. In this regard, we have shaped our study by taking into consideration Niklas Luhmann’s works on social strata stating that the social system consists of subsystems and communication, and his system theory and the concepts based on this theory. The system theory has enabled us to see the societal discord revealed in the novella and helped us achieve a better reading by contributing a new dimension to the text.

A Charis tekintete Pindarosnál

Author(s): Zsolt Adorjáni / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2009

Charis is a concept and a power of paramount significance in Pindar’s poetry and ars poetica. This analysis is less concerned with the semantics of Charis, than with her dynamics. In the 14. and 7. Olympian ode Charis appears surrounded by a cluster of metaphors of blossoming (ΘAΛ - ), love (EPA - ) and eye-glance (Ι Δ - ). These motifs permeat the whole Pindaric epinician corpus. I set out to scrutinize the vast scale of variations on this theme, in order to illuminate from a new vista the relationship of the Charis and the Muse, then to explain the foregrounded motif of the divine eye-glance.

Egy „elveszett” Jeromos-hely Szent Gellértnél

Author(s): Balázs Déri / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2009

Writings by Saint Jerome were among the most important patristic sources of the important exegetical work of Saint Gerard, bishop of Csanád (Hungary) (Gerardi Moresenae aecclesiae seu Csanadiensis episcopi Deliberatio supra hymnum trium puerorum, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Clm 6211, ed. Gabriel Silagi, in CCCM 29, 1978, ed. Karácsonyi Béla – Szegfű László 1999). e present study points out that two passages in the Deliberatio are partly word by word quotations, and partly paraphrases from the commentary of Victorinus (bishop of Poetovium, actually Ptuj, Slovenia) revised by Saint Jerome (Commentarii in Apocalypsin editio Victorini et recensio Hieronymi una cum posteriorum additamentis, rec. I. Haussleiter, in CSEL 49, 1916).

Слова и выражения, производные от имен литературных героев в венгерском и польском языках

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Ráduly / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2010

A special part of the lexicon of each language is formed by proper names that became common words, i.e. eponyms. The aim of this study is the presentation of eponyms that derive from the names of famous heroes in literature. These heroes usually have some characteristic attributes or accomplished a special deed, and the words deriving from their names symbolise the given attribute or deed.

Proza fabularna w polskiej i węgierskiej literaturze epoki renesansu

Author(s): Dorota Várnai / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2010

Among the Hungarian and the Polish Renaissance publications dealing with the problems of the two countries, a small number of beautiful prose works can be found as well. They were on various topics, such as religion, love, chivalry, historical and moral guidance. In the Hungarian literature of that time, religious works were in majority. Biernat of Lublin in the Polish literature and Gáspár Heltai in the Hungarian literature created works of stable literary value.

Internet and literature — Some recent Hungarian examples

Author(s): György C. Kálmán / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

Digital storage and retrieval of texts has been in the focus of an entire branch of contemporary literary studies. Literary texts online meant a new step, allowing readers to access (and editors to build and modify) the corpus in a radically new way, via the Internet. A recent development, however, the era of the network (with its “community sites” and all the different interactive communications between users) raises quite new issues. In addition to problems of archiving, accessibility and connectibility, the issues of literature produced and received on the Internet came to the fore, and deserve interest and theoretical reflection in their own right. In this study, some cases from the Hungarian internet scene concerning the temporality, authorial position, collective production, etc. are described, in order to call for a more systematic and thorough survey of these phenomena in general.

Als der Herrgott, der Satan und Sankt Petrus mit der Schöpfung beschäftigt waren - Dualistische Schöpfungssagen in der schwedischen, ungarischen und russischen Kultur

Author(s): György Orosz / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2009

In this paper I focus on dualistic creation stories, but without an attempt at an all-European overview. The analysis is confined to Swedish, Hungarian and Russian cultures, and references are made to various genres of literary fiction, folk legends, religious folk epic songs and annals. In the background of these examples the religious ideology of medieval bogomilism can be traced. “The Legend of Småland”, a chapter in Selma Lagerlöf’s children’s novel “The Wonderful Adventures of Nils”, draws on a dualistic cosmogonic myth of apocryphal traditions. This myth represents a modified variant of an etiological, dualistic belief. Satan is replaced by Saint Peter, who is believed to have created the mountains, which are symbolic of chaos, in the plain called Småland. In contrast, the plain was created by God. In the mythological view of the world, the plain is symbolic of the world of order, i.e. cosmos. The motif of soil or sand brought up from the bottom of the sea as well as the cooperation of the Creator and his Demiurge in the creation myth may be part of the ancient heritage in Hungarian mythology, or the motifs of the dualistic creation myth may have been borrowed later in the new homeland from nearby or distant neighbours whose tradition had been deeply affected by bogomilism. In the Russian Primary Chronicle, at the year 1071, an apocryphal story can be read in which magicians (‘volchvy’) present their ideas concerning the creation of man in accordance with the dualistic concept of Bogomils. The human body was created by Satan, from a bunch of straw hurled down from Heaven by God, and it was God who placed the soul in the body. Certain textual variants of “The Book of the Depths” (‘Golubinaja kniga’), a Russian religious folk epic, describe the single combat between Truth (‘Pravda’) and Falsehood (‘Krivda’). This combat can be interpreted, although indirectly, as the Bogomil tenet of the fight between Logos (Jesus) and Satan.

Византийские источники богословия иконы в «Послании иконописцу» (Часть вторая)

Author(s): Ágnes Kríza / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2009

The first treatise dealing explicitly with theology of the icon in medieval Rus’ was preserved in an anonymous work known as Poslanie iconopistsu (Letter to the Iconographer) written at the end of the 15th century which contains three sermons. These three sermons later became part of the famous Prosvetitel (Enlightener) compiled by Joseph of Volokolamsk. The paper makes an investigation into the problem of the hidden sources of the Letter to the Iconographer which almost entirely consists of verbal quotations from different earlier theological texts. Among the cited writings there are five Byzantine dogmatic works written in defense of icons and translated into Church Slavonic which are of outstanding importance. In the case of these works the method of borrowing their passages and the additional content these gain in their new contexts where they were transplanted shed light to the aims and interests of the 15–16th century Russian theologian which are apparently different from those of his Byzantine predecessors. It is especially interesting to observe how the Russian author tries to legitimate the icon of the Holy Trinity by the aid of the different arguments of Byzantine apologists.

СНОВА О ПЕРСПЕКТИВАХ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЭТИКИ

Author(s): Vladimir Nikolaevich Zakharov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The article explains the phenomenon of historical poetics in Russia. At the end of the 19th century it was discovered and substantiated by A. N. Veselovsky. He formulated the idea, proposed the original concept of poetics, and introduced new categories of analysis which were the words “sujet”, “motif”, “genre” borrowed from the French language, and which changed their meaning in the Russian language. Their "reverse translation" is almost impossible. The fact that they have become key categories largely determines the originality of historical poetics in Russian literary studies. In the middle of the twentieth century the study of the history of literature in terms of poetics captivated such outstanding scientists as M. M. Bakhtin, D. S. Likhachev, S. Averintsev. Their example was followed by many others. In the political conditions of the 1950s-1980s, historical poetics allowed avoiding the dogmatism of party criticism, gave an opportunity to study literature and art beyond the politics and restrictions of Soviet ideology. Today, the study of historical poetics is mainly determined by the inertia of the initial acceleration. New ideas, concepts, original researches are in demand.

«…ВСЯ КОЛОМНА И ПЕТЕРБУРГСКАЯ ПРИРОДА ЖИВАЯ…»: «ДОМИК В КОЛОМНЕ» А. С. ПУШКИНА И ПОВЕСТЬ Н. В. ГОГОЛЯ «ПОРТРЕТ»

Author(s): Vyacheslav Koshelev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The article deals with the circumstances of A. S. Pushkin’s acquaintance with N. V. Gogol, that raises a number of questions. Why did Pushkin let Gogol read first his new poem “The Little House at Kolomna”? Why did Gogol first appreciate its incomprehensible plot and the depiction of “Petersburg nature”? What did the topography of the town mean for Pushkin and Gogol? Why did they place the characters of their works into this district of the capital? The answers to these questions will help to clarify the creative relationships between two classical authors of Russian literature.

МОНОЛОГ Н. В. ГОГОЛЯ В МНОГОГОЛОСЬЕ «ЖЕНИТЬБЫ»

Author(s): Igor’ A. Vinogradov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of the comedy Gogol "Marriage" in a single creative and biographical context. The play is related to the early Gogol works, the stories of "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka", the comedy "The Inspector General", the "Nevsky Prospekt", the history of the writer's later alleged matchmaking and the long-standing monastic aspirations of Gogol. In the "polyphony" of "Marriage" the hidden author's position, the ascetic attitude of the writer to marriage, as well as the connection between the idea of ​​the play and the hagiographic literature, become clear. Biblical and evangelical reminiscences were noted, which determined the circle of Gogol's reflections on the ways of salvation in monasticism or in a marriage union. The ideological and thematic rolls between the "Marriage" and the surviving chapters of the second volume of "Dead Souls" are planned. Some possible prototypes of Gogol's heroes are established. The unity of the artist's creative path is emphasized.

ПРИТЧЕВЫЙ ХАРАКТЕР «МОСКОВСКИХ РАССКАЗОВ О БЕДНЫХ» М. Н. МАКАРОВА

Author(s): Natalya Tangaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The article is dedicated to the study of the impact of the Evangelic parable on the flash fiction of M. N. Makarov in the early 1840s. Since he was young Makarov cared for national history, everyday life and religious faiths of common people. He also envisages the Evangelic parable as a meaningful narration that Jesus used to represent a spirit of his teaching. The writer’s “Moscow tales about the poor”, published under the pen-name of Makariy Bystroretsky, had an instructive character of the Evangelic parable. Following the parabolic type Makarov writes about home and family, richness and poorness, Salvation through Jesus Christ. By their themes his stories are similar to the evangelic parables of the Unjust Judge, of the Lost Sheep, of the Pharisee and the Publican, of the Good Samaritan, of the Rich Man and Lazarus, of the Rich Full. The tales contain the motives of mercy, love for one’s neighbor, humiliation, responsibility to people and God, declared in the Sermon on the Mount of Jesus. A parabolic character of the narration allows the writer to demonstrate “modern miracles” that happen to those who walk with God. Makarov’s tales teach to rely on Divine Providence, to take gratefully the ordeals and the prizes of life. The episodes representing Russian everyday life in the tales serve as a symbolic embodiment of spiritual and physical happiness of Man who made his approach to Jesus Christ. The storylines of Makarov’s tales traces their origins to the texts and motives of the parables in the New Testament. Putting Christian wisdom into a simple narrative the writer’s stories make people’s faith grow.

АВТОР И ГЕРОЙ В ПОЭМЕ А. К. ТОЛСТОГО «ИОАНН ДАМАСКИН»

Author(s): Tatiana Fedoseeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

A. K. Tolstoy is a poet of the realistic epoch who kept a romantic approach to reality. The poem “John of Damascus” holds a specific place in the poet’s creative body of work representing the writer’s worldview and his aesthetic position. The subjective and objective world of the writing is under investigation in terms of Bakhtin’s theory and modern historical poetics. The article brings to light the specificity of speech organization of the text, narration functioning, dialogue and monologue. While studying the poem the author appeals to the hagiographic texts and funeral canticles by the Reverend that allow precising the ties between the image of John and his prototype. He also points out the meaning of the closing episode of the hagiography of the Holy Man for the poem’s storyline, and the role of the romantic motif of the detachment in the depiction of the hero. The hero’s dialectic image in the poem is defined as the one that traces back to the image of the Reverend John of Damascus and remains under the impact of the image of the author himself. An inner nature of the hero’s image is seen as a juxtaposition of the idea of the superior Divine office, deriving from the historical prototype, and the author’s romantic aspiration for absolute freedom in creative work. The violation of an aesthetic border of the hero’s objectivization is achieved due to the subjectiveness of the writer. The lyric monologues and fragments of the improper and direct speech constituting the poem objectify the hero’s image. Through the expressiveness of the latter the author’s subjectiveness is traced. The author and the hero are thought as the images that possess subjectiveness and objectified at the same time in the world. The study of the nature of subjective and objective relations in the poem gives an access to the value-based level of its content. The poem “John of Damascus” presents parallel ways of searching for truth by two poets — a theologian and an artist. The first one comes to the ideal of a humbled man, whilst the other one to the idea of the assertion of man’s dignity in front of God. The value-based level of the poem’s content going back to orthodox understanding of the historical prototype, the hero’s and author’s images, defines semantic wholeness of the poem.

Театральная утопия А. Ремизова в контексте театральных исканий начала XX века

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Kalafatics / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

At the turn of the 19th-20th century, Russian theatre had an important role in the process of seeking spiritual, artistic renewal and overcoming the cultural crisis, where the synthesis of arts was to be achieved according to the aesthetic idea of symbolism following Wagner’s concept. This paper primarily observes the issue how Remizov’s theoretical essays, articles and reviews are connected to the general theatrical tendencies of the era. I intend to find and define Remizov’s rank in contemporary theatre. Russian theoreticians of symbolism are involved in a conscious considering and re-con- sidering of the role of theatre. They find the source of renewal in ancient tragedies, medieval mystery plays, and Russian folk theatre. Although Remizov did not focus on theoretical issues, his works from the first two decades of the century are connected to the theatrical Utopias of symbolism in many ways.

Петр Гугнивый и Папесса - Антилатинская церковнославянская полемическая литература в Центральной Европе

Author(s): Ágnes Kríza / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

The Church Slavonic polemical literature against Latin Christianity is coeval with Slavic literacy itself. Some topoi of this polemical literature continue to survive through the centuries witnessing the attitude of the Slavs towards Western Europe. This paper investigates the connection of two topoi (the legendary story about the filthy pope, Peter the ‘Stammerer’, and the character of the Female Pope) and their historical context in two polemic works deriving from this very tradition: Protos Gavriil of Athos’s letter written to the King of Hungary in 1534 and Mykhajlo Rosvyhuvs’kyj-Andrella’s works from the end of the 17th century.

Proza polska wobec zmian ustrojowych: krótki przegląd nowych tendencji po 1989 roku

Author(s): László Kálmán Nagy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2008

The study examines the most important tendencies of development of Polish fiction after 1989. While it had always been typical that particular periods of literature continuously changed according to current political tendencies, this one after 1989 was a dramatic change in paradigm never experienced before. With the exhaustion of the romantic paradigm, dominating Polish literature since the 19th century, the previous axiological model came to an end. The abolishment of censorship paradoxically led to a temporary “lack of subject matter’. There appeared a transitional period of crisis even in the most significant oeuvres. The confrontation of views has replaced the confrontation of official and non-official political values in literary works. Prior to the changes of 1989, the canon of political resistance had previously aimed at defeating a common enemy. With the realization of democracy, those earlier marching together took separate roads. Literature is trying to find out how Polish people are getting accustomed to the new social and economic conditions. The creation of new literature is associated with contemporary classics (Konwicki, Redlinski), and also with younger Gretkowska, Huelle, Pilch, Stasiuk, Tokarczuk and Tryzna. Among the thematic trends, the dominance of the existentialist line is obvious, especially the renaissance of rustic themes, that is the great number and popularity linked to gender.

ПОЭТИКА ЭПИЛОГА РОМАНА ДОСТОЕВСКОГО «ПОДРОСТОК

Author(s): Tamara Batalova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The article investigates the genre peculiarity and the poetics of the epilogue in Dostoevsky’s novel “A Raw Youth”. Its originality resides specifically in the divergence between “the author’s novel” and “the hero’s notes”. The novel does not contain such a distinctive compositional element as an epilogue. The role of the latter belongs to the critical letter of Nikolai Semyonovich, ex-mentor of the Adolescent, on his “Notes” (“Chapter Thirteen. Conclusion”). The critical letter discloses the characteristics of heroes and the epoch, rethinks the situations and motives of the key part of the writing. In his novel Dostoevsky on the one hand reveals the destruction of the “displaced” life standards of the nobles, the decadence of the noblemen’s concept of honor and duty, on the other hand, he insists that the way of salvation of the country from the “disorder and chaos” consists in reinforcement of the orthodox thinking, implementation of the idea of spiritual commonality, bringing together of the “superior Russian thought” and the popular truth. This is the meaning of the novel’s title: all Russian society and the country in whole is an adolescent.

The Term shenming - Its Meaning in the Ancient Chinese Thought and in a Recently Discovered Manuscript

Author(s): Sándor P. Szabó / Language(s): English Issue: 2-4/2003

In-depth research of the scope of meaning of the term shenming is essential for the better understanding of several important ancient Chinese texts and the ancient Chinese thinking. One of the recently discovered texts, in which the term appears in cosmogonical context, has made it more obvious for us. Altough former studies threw light on several meanings of the term, I will demonstrate that on the basis of the ancient Chinese written sources (including both transmitted and recently discovered texts) we can explore even more extensively the scope of meaning of the term shenming, and we are able to determine some of its previously unknown connotations.

СТАРОРУССКИЙ ТЕКСТ Ф. М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО: СТРУКТУРА И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПОНЯТИЯ

Author(s): Yulia Vyacheslavovna Yukhnovich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

Presently, the study of local texts (mainly urban ones) is really urgent.One of such local texts that evokes interest of the researches is the text of Staraya Russa by F. M. Dostoevsky. The real space of Staraya Russa town becomes asort of an artistic model of the World embodied in the writer’s works. Such categories as “the text of Staraya Russa” and “Dostoevsky’s text of Staraya Russa”have been defined. From a structural viewpoint the concept “Dostoevsky’s textof Staraya Russa” comprises the following components: Staraya Russa as viewedby the writer, the repercussions of the realias of Staraya Russa in his works(novels “Demons”, “The Adolescent”, “The Brothers Karamazov”, “A Writer’sDiary”), Dostoevsky remembrance at Staraya Russa. The study of this concept allows us to answer the questions about the role of the countryside in life and works of the writer and about the significance of his name for history and culture of Staraya Russa.

Pomiędzy otwartymi a zamkniętymi drzwiami. Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowego sympozjum „Cosmopolitism, Modernism & Judaism” z udziałem Zygmunta Baumana, Sztokholm, 15 maja 2016 roku

Author(s): Zuzanna Pawlak,Jan Lodziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017