We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

Semantic relations and conceptual frames

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There are many rich semantic resources (mainly for English but also for other languages) that include different types of semantic information: WordNet, FrameNet, VerbNet, PropBank, Ontonotes, PDEV, Yago, BabelNet, VerbAtlas, SynSemClass, among others. The objectives of research presented in the book “Towards a Semantic Network Enriched with a Variety of Relations” are to expand the WordNet structure with an extended network of conceptual frames that represent verb predicate-argument semantic relations in a generalised way. Our assumption is that a relatively small number of conceptual frames which define predicate-argument relation pairs (classified with respect to an ontology of semantic classes) introduce a large number of semantic relations.

More...

Download

Beyond lexical and semantic resources: Linking WordNet with FrameNet and enhancing synsets with conceptual frames

Author(s): Svetlozara Leseva,Ivelina Stoyanova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper sums up the research and findings made towards the linking of two large lexical semantic resources – WordNet and FrameNet (their verb inventory in particular) – by combining the rich conceptual description provided in FrameNet with the vast lexical coverage and structured relational representation in WordNet. The underlying idea is not just to map the two resources to the extent that their overlap allows, but to expand the mapping in such a way as to assign a FrameNet frame to as many synsets as possible, going far beyond the lexical correspondence in the two resources. We suggest that as a first approximation this mapping be implemented by using the relation of inheritance from a hypernym to a hyponym in WordNet to transfer the frame assigned to the parent synset from the parent to the child synset (inheritance­ based mapping), and then refine the obtained mapping through a number of procedures. The paper is divided in two large parts. In the first part we explore the relation of inheritance and other semantic relations as represented in WordNet and FrameNet and how they correspond to each other when the resources are aligned from a theoretical perspective. In addition, we provide a discussion of the implications of these observations with respect to the enhancement of the two resources through the definition of new relations and the detailisation of conceptual frames. The second part of the paper outlines the procedures defined for the validation of the consistency of the inheritance-based mapping of frames and the extension of its coverage which exploit the lexical information in WordNet (synset literals, synset glosses, etc.) and FrameNet (language units and their definitions, the names of the frames, etc.), the structure of the two resources and the systematic relations between synsets in WordNet and between frames in FrameNet. We present a case study on causativity, a relation which provides enhancement complementary to the one using hierarchical relations, by means of linking in a systematic way large parts of the lexicon. We show how consistency checks and denser relations may be implemented on the basis of this relation. In addition, we propose new frames based on causative–inchoative correspondences and in conclusion touch on the possibilities for defining new frames based on the types of specialisation that take place from parent to child synset.

More...

Download

Putting pieces together: Predicate-argument relations and selectional preferences

Author(s): Svetlozara Leseva,Ivelina Stoyanova,Maria Todorova,Hristina Kukova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper presents the work on enhancing WordNet with semantic relations between verb synsets and classes of noun synsets corresponding to major participants in the predicates’ conceptual structure. We first provide the theoretical background and motivation for the study and discuss the integration of the three complementary semantic resources – WordNet, VerbNet and FrameNet – which we then use to the end of devising a framework for enriching the relational structure of WordNet with a system of predicate-argument and predicate-adjunct relations. We pay particular attention to the analysis of the relations of inheritance between conceptual frames in FrameNet and between frame elements (the elements of these conceptual frames) which results in the elaboration of a hierarchy that is then translated as a set of relations and relation subtypes between predicates and the main elements in their conceptual structure. The conceptual frames with their corresponding frame elements and selectional restrictions are assigned to verb synsets in WordNet. We then go on to propose a typology of selectional preferences that verbs impose on the nouns they combine with. Using restrictions that have already been defined in FrameNet and VerbNet as well as other semantic information from the three resources, we propose a unified and extended set of selectional preferences represented as sets of WordNet classes and (sub)trees in the WordNet structure. The model is illustrated by a case study of the relation Theme and its subtypes.

More...

Download

Towards conceptual frames

Author(s): Svetla Koeva,Tsvetana Dimitrova,Valentina Stefanova,Dimitar Hristov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study presents an effort in enriching the Princeton WordNet with information from the verb patterns (predicate­–argument structures) from another resource – the Pattern Dictionary of English Verbs (PDEV) – and the semantic types from the Corpus Pattern Ontology (CPA) which describe the arguments of these patterns. The PDEV verb patterns were automatically mapped to the WordNet sentence frames thus adding information about the character of the arguments. The resulting patterns are conceptual frames whose arguments were specified for a set of lexical units – the semantic types assigned to WordNet noun synsets.

More...

4.50 €

A New Interpretation of the Blue Lights in Richard III: Functions of the Blue Hue in Yūshi Odashima’s Translation

Author(s): Ayami Oki-Siekierczak / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

In Shakespeare’s art, visual perception is entwined with touch, taste, hearing, and smell: the colour terms stimulate other senses, recalling their symbolic meanings in both ‘colourful’ plays (such as "Romeo and Juliet" and "The Winter’s Tale") and those dominated by bleak and darkish hues (such as "Richard III" and "Hamlet"). The paper surveys Shakespeare’s contemporary perception of colours so that we can understand more clearly what his colour usage means in the play, describes Shakespeare’s use of colour in "Richard III" and specifies what kinds of colour appear at which points in the play. It also covers the translation of colour in Japan, while particularly focusing on blue in Odashima’s 1983 translation, comparing it with other important translations in the history of the Japanese reception of Shakespeare.

More...

Download

A MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE APPROACH TO READING GULLIVER’S TRAVELS BY J. SWIFT

Author(s): Ana Muntean / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Reading literary works in the original has always been a challenge for EFL students, even those who are in teacher training programs and have a richer philological background. As reading is the best way to discover and understand literature, it is important to identify effective means of involving students in active, meaningful reading procedures. The article provides an example of how to make the reading of J. Swift’s “Gulliver’s Travels’ more engaging for students, applying Gardner’s MI theory.

More...

Download

PHRASEOLOGICAL MEANING THROUGH THE TRADITIONAL AND CULTURE-ORIENTED APPROACH

Author(s): Ludmila Raciula / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article discusses the issue of phraseological meaning from the cognitive culture-oriented perspective, which is based on two key assumptions. The first is that language and culture are two separate and interacting semiotic systems, while phraseological units are the products of this interaction. Thus, phraseological meaning is formed as a result of inter-semiotic transposition, i.e. transfer of some conceptual information from nonverbal signs of culture system into the verbal ones of the language system. The second assumption results from the first and stipulates that phraseological meaning is a two-strata structure, the surface stratum and the deep stratum. The deep structure encloses the conceptual foundation based on cultural elements and the surface stratum is its embodiment into language signs. We have chosen the semantic field of emotions to put in practice the cognitive culture-oriented analysis. Anthropologists have proven that emotions are not simply physiological reactions of human bodies, they are also the result of people’s cultural interpretation of extra-linguistic reality. Thus, we shall try to identify the conceptual information that underlies phraseological units depicting human emotions.

More...

Download

LESEVERSTEHEN BEI DEN STUDIERENDEN DER INGENIEURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN FÄCHER

Author(s): Tatiana Scerbacova / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

In the Republic of Moldova, German as a foreign language is taught not only at the faculties of philology but also at other faculties. This article discusses the specificities of working with specialized texts at the faculty of real sciences, economics and environmental protection (specialization - Engineering and Management).

More...

Download

ЛИНГОСТРАНОВЕДЧЕСКАЯ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТЬ УРОКОВ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В ОБУЧЕНИИ ДЕТЕЙ С ОСОБЫМИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫМИ ПОТРЕБНОСТЯМИ

Author(s): Larisa Zorilo,Tatiana Adamco / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This article deals with the problem of the lingo-cultural orientation of the English language lessons in teaching children with special educational needs. The features of teaching a foreign language to children with special educational needs, organizational and methodological aspects of this teacher's work in an inclusive class are shown in this work. The author gives the examples of the teacher's work during extracurricular activity, and justifies the used methods.

More...

Download

Abordarea liniară și ciclică a comunicării interculturale la orele de limba și literatura română

Author(s): Ana Cozari / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Communication is a complex phenomenon inevitable to society. Lately, one has noticed a noticeable rise in the interest towards both the theme of communication, in general, as well as in that of intercultural communication, in particular, at the individual level as well as at the level of the group interactions. Intercultural communication comprises universal elements, as well as specific ones, operating at various levels, generating a variety of communicative behaviours and leading to certain types of communicational necessities, greatly impacting what speakers perceive and how they perceive. The subject 'Romanian Language and Literature' is a strong means and an appropriate educational medium for intercultural education to take place in, it develops the intercultural communication skills, it creates intercultural attitudes. Thus, intercultural communication is a process which can be successfully guided, developed, adjusted by teachers during Romanian Language and Literature classes.

More...

Download

Семантические классы предикатов состояния (на материале русского языка)

Author(s): Galina Ivanovna Kustova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This chapter deals with the analysis of states from the perspective of the typology of predicate vocabulary. States (along with qualities) occupy the lowest rank in the semantic hierarchy of predicates; prototypical states, e.g. ( В комнате темно (The room is dark), Детям холодно(The children are cold) are one-place predicates: their only argument (semantic actant) is the subject (inanimate or animate) undergoing he state. However, many experiential state predicates have two arguments, an experiencer and a stimulus.The chapter is focused mainly on experiential states, i.e. human states, which are the result of a person’s ability to react to the impact of the outside world and to construct in formational images of non-linguistic situations. A hierarchy of experiential states and the semantic relations among them are presented as well.This chapter deals with the analysis of states from the perspective of the typology of predicate vocabulary. States (along with qualities) occupy the lowest rank in the semantic hierarchy of predicates; prototypical states, e.g. ( В комнате темно (The room is dark), Детям холодно (The children are cold) are one-place predicates: their only argument (semantic actant) is the subject (inanimate or animate) undergoing he state. However, many experiential state predicates have two arguments, an experiencer and a stimulus. The chapter is focused mainly on experiential states, i.e. human states, which are the result of a person’s ability to react to the impact of the otuside world and to construct informational images of non-linguistic situations. A hierarchy of experiential states and the semantic relations among them are presented as well.

More...

Download

The system of diatheses in Bulgarian and stative predicates

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The investigation is intended to provide a clear distinction between the category of grammatical voice in Bulgarian (grammatical diatheses) and lexical diatheses by analyzing grammatical facts and by applying semantic criteria. The category of (grammatical) voice is used to describe a wide range of phenomena. Only the lexical diatheses are presented in more detail: se passives, impersonal passives, middles, anticausatives, lexical reciprocals, optatives, impersonal optatives, property of “oblique” subject. The semantic and grammatical characteristics (arguments and semantic roles, verb aspect, transitivity, and morphological categories of the verb lemma) of the source and derivative diatheses are studied, compared, and described. A large number of the source diatheses affect imperfective verbs that may express activities or states; in such cases, the alternations may lead to one of the following configurations: activity – activity; activity – state; state – state. We trace the correlation between the diathesis type and the eventuality type in the context of the ontological description of the state predicates proposed in this study. The investigation is intended to provide a clear distinction between the category of grammatical voice in Bulgarian (grammatical diatheses) and lexical diatheses by analyzing grammatical facts and by applying semantic criteria. The category of (grammatical) voice is used to describe a wide range of phenomena. Only the lexical diatheses are presented in more detail: se passives, impersonal passives, middles, anticausatives, lexical reciprocals, optatives, impersonal optatives, property of “oblique” subject. The semantic and grammatical characteristics (arguments and semantic roles, verb aspect, transitivity, and morphological categories of the verb lemma) of the source and derivative diatheses are studied, compared, and described. A large number of the source diatheses affect imperfective verbs that may express activities or states; in such cases, the alternations may lead to one of the following configurations: activity – activity; activity – state; state – state. We trace the correlation between the diathesis type and the eventuality type in the context of the ontological description of the state predicates proposed in this study.

More...

Download

Syntactic realization of stative predicates in Bulgarian (towards a lexical meaning ontology)

Author(s): Yovka Tisheva,Marina Dzhonova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study deals with the syntactic features of predicates describing stative eventualities. We present an overview of the possibilities for syntactic realization of verbal arguments within a framework of a semantic (thematic) classification of Bulgarian verbs based on their primary lexical meanings. Following the main principles of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), we test the hypothesis that predicates belonging to a given thematic group have similar syntactic behavior. The analysis is focused on one-, two- and three-place predicates. Verbs such as седя (sit), лежа (lie), стоя (stand), спя (sleep), блестя (shine), мириша (smell) have one-argument structure. Their single argument occupies the subject position. Two-place predicates are represented by verbs from two subgroups: predicates with a subject and a direct object, e.g. обичам (love), харесвам (like), виждам (see), чувам (hear), чувствам (feel), усещам (sense), желая (wish), искам (want), мразя (hate), помня (remember), and predicates with a subject and an indirect object, e.g. вярвам (believe), надявам се (hope), нуждая се (need), тревожа се (worry), жадувам (crave), радвам се (be happy), вълнувам се (be excited), притеснявам се (worry), гордея се (be proud), срамувам се (be ashamed), плаша се (be afraid), страхувам се (fear). Besides these two groups of predicates, we also consider the possibility for some of the verbs to have three-argument realization. With знам (know)-type verbs, the direct object must be expressed and the indirect object may remain syntactically implicit, while with мисля (think)-type verbs the indirect object has to be represented overtly, but the direct object does not. The alternation of prepositions is also discussed in the text.This study deals with the syntactic features of predicates describing stative eventualities. We present an overview of the possibilities for syntactic realization of verbal arguments within a framework of a semantic (thematic) classification of Bulgarian verbs based on their primary lexical meanings. Following the main principles of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), we test the hypothesis that predicates belonging to a given thematic group have similar syntactic behavior. The analysis is focused on one-, two- and three-place predicates. Verbs such as седя (sit), лежа (lie), стоя (stand), спя (sleep), блестя (shine), мириша (smell) have one-argument structure. Their single argument occupies the subject position. Two-place predicates are represented by verbs from two subgroups: predicates with a subject and a direct object, e.g. обичам (love), харесвам (like), виждам (see), чувам (hear), чувствам (feel), усещам (sense), желая (wish), искам (want), мразя (hate), помня (remember), and predicates with a subject and an indirect object, e.g. вярвам (believe), надявам се (hope), нуждая се (need), тревожа се (worry), жадувам (crave), радвам се (be happy), вълнувам се (be excited), притеснявам се (worry), гордея се (be proud), срамувам се (be ashamed), плаша се (be afraid), страхувам се (fear). Besides these two groups of predicates, we also consider the possibility for some of the verbs to have three-argument realization. With знам (know)-type verbs, the direct object must be expressed and the indirect object may remain syntactically implicit, while with мисля (think)-type verbs the indirect object has to be represented overtly, but the direct object does not. The alternation of prepositions is also discussed in the text.

More...

Download

Семантические типы инфинитивных конструкций русских предикативов

Author(s): Galina Ivanovna Kustova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In addition to the valency of the experiencer, e.g. (Мне холодно / страшно / стыдно (I’m cold / I’m afraid / I’m ashamed), in Russian a predicative may have a propositional valency P (stimulus-content). The propositional valency is expressed by a dependent clause, as in Приятно, что они до сих пор меня помнят (It’s nice that they still remember me) or a dependent infinitive (, e.g. Приятно засыпать под шум дождя (It’s nice to fall asleep to the sound of rain). The possibility for combining a predicative with an infinitive depends on the semantics of the predicative. Modal predicatives can subordinate the infinitive, e.g. Необходимо закончить работу в пятницу (It is necessary to finish the work on Friday), while perceptual predicatives do not: *Мне видно читать (I can see to read). Predicatives with physiological state semantics subordinate the infinitive, which represents the situation V (the channel for the stimulus’s influence), cf. Было сладко есть 280 ягоды (It was sweet to eat berries) or the situation R (the situation describing the stimulus affecting the implementation of R), cf. Темно читать (It is dark to read). Predicatives describing emotional states can subordinate the infinitive. This construction has three subtypes: (1) the infinitive P corresponds to the valency P of the predicative (stimulus-content): Грустно покидать родной дом (It’s sad to leave home); (2) the infinitive T (transfer) represents an intermediate situation between the experiencer and the stimulus: Страшно открывать дверь (I’m afraid to open the door); (3) the infinitive V is the link between the predicative and its valency P (the channel for the stimulus’s influence; V≠ P): Грустно думать, что мы больше никогда не увидимся ≈ Грустно, что мы больше никогда не увидимся (It’s sad to think that we will never see each other again ≈ It’s sad that we will never see each other again). Predicatives with the semantics of interpretation subordinate the infinitive P (with the semantic restriction that P must be an action (a controlled situation) for which a person is responsible): Неприлично подслушивать чужие разговоры (It’s indecent to eavesdrop on other people’s conversations) (the interpretative semantics is often represented by an adjective, cf. неэтичный (unethical), неприличный (indecent), неуместный (inappropriate), and by same-root adverbs; as same-root verbs do not exist, the corresponding predicatives are used). During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the number of interpretative predicatives found in this construction has been on the increase.

More...

Download

Дативно-инфинитивные структуры и синтаксические идиомы в русском языке

Author(s): Anton Zimmerling / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

I discuss two sentence patterns expressing modal meanings in Modern Russian. Dative infinitive structures (DIS) have the taxonomic meaning of alethic (external) modality in sentences in the indicative mood. Root DIS clauses are productive, while embedded DIS clauses represent a relic type inherited from Old Russian: it only survives in sentences with identical clausal subjects. Syntactic idioms like негде спать, некого винить project an idiosyncratic finite sentence pattern with a negative existential head. The latter consists of a stressed negation не merged with an incorporated wh-word. Such elements, called neg-words, combine features of morphological units resembling dative predicatives with characteristics of reordered sentences derived by the raising of wh-words from embedded infinitival clauses to the matrix clause. Most sentences with predicative neg-words reconstruct affirmative counterparts, which are overtly bi-clausal. Russian sentences with predicative neg-words express the taxonomic meaning of existential quantification combined with the meaning of alethic impossibility. The modal subject does not impose restrictions on animacy in either sentence pattern. Both DIS sentences and syntactic idioms with neg-words are reordered bi-clausal structures, but the reordering vector is different: DIS sentences have a degraded upper clause, while the idioms with neg-words have a degraded embedded infinitival clause.

More...

Download

A CASE STUDY ON IMPROVING FOREIGN STUDENTS’ WORD FORMATION SKILLS IN ROMANIAN

Author(s): Mihaela Badea,Cristina Iridon / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In teaching a foreign language, building and developing language skills represent the instructors’ main aim. But developing skills would not be possible without teaching pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. According to the communicative approach, among these language components, vocabulary is considered to be of great importance, without diminishing the role of grammar and pronunciation in a foreign language. It is well-known that vocabulary provides learners with the necessary knowledge meant to help them to deliver both written and spoken messages, without having too much grammar or pronunciation knowledge. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to identify possible ways of improving students’ vocabulary in Romanian, especially when it comes to word formation, a process that does not only involve learning words but also using them creatively

More...

Download

ACADEMIC WRITING – THE TEXTBOOK GENRE. THE CASE OF ENGLISH AND ROMANIAN GRAMMAR BOOKS

Author(s): Olivia Rusu,Silviu-Constantin Mihăilă / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This research focuses on a contrastive critical and methodological approach applied to six well-known English and Romanian grammar books. The authors are interested to observe and interpret the strengths and limitations of the selected grammar books in order to identify educational strategies and stages to be taken when teaching grammar. A major attention was paid to the didactic contrastive scenario of teaching grammar. English grammars are descriptive, whereas Romanian grammars are rather prescriptive. Thus, this enquiry is an attempt to find a generalised and practical layout in the study of two different idiomatic approaches, with a focus on similarities and an aim on divergences. Methodologically speaking, this research targets to further developed and improve educational practices for teaching and learning English language rules and Romanian grammar. Given examples include an overview of verbal tenses and of general vocabulary, for A1-B1 CERCL levels, in both languages.

More...

Download

Les désignations romanes du prunellier

Author(s): Nicolae Saramandu,Manuela Nevaci / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Motivational maps concern the dynamic of language, revealing thus a less known or less studied aspect, the motivation of the linguistic sign. This is a permanent process since the speakers “remotivate” the linguistic sign when the rapport between this and the extralinguistic reality (the referent) becomes opaque, not transparent. Elaborated, up to the present moment, at a European and Romance level, motivational linguistic maps can also be realized at a national level. In our contribution, we present, for the first time, such a map regarding the Romanian language, realized on the basis of the Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE) and Atlas linguistique roman (ALiR). The contribution presents the words designating PRUNELLIER in the romance languages and dialects. At the same time, it results from our contribution the dynamic perspective on language, i.e. the motivational linguistic “strata” in etymology. Prunellier

More...

Download

Автоматично извличане на езикови ресурси за откриване на конфликтни събития за български език

Author(s): Hristo Tanev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper we present an overview of event detection for conflict events, such as battles and other military operations, from news streams. We then evaluate a terminology extraction algorithm for learning Bulgarian lexica specific to military conflicts. The domain-specific dictionaries related to conflicts may often require thousands of entities, including professions, military ranks, weapons, vehicles, actions, organization names, relevant adjectives and other lexica. The evaluation shows very promising results, with the accuracy of the learning algorithm exceeding 80%, thus proving the feasibility of event detection for the Bulgarian language.

More...

Download

Система на диатезите в български

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The current study is based on the model of Igor Melchuk for a formal description of voice, which is transferred to cases in which the verb diatheses result in a propositional change. Such diatheses may be due to a change in the semantic relations of the arguments to the predicate or to a change (reduction) in the number of arguments. We establish the inventory of diatheses with propositional change. Complementary, the verb alternations described by Beth Levin (if they are valid for Bulgarian), as well as the language-specific alternations are checked whether they belong to any of the identified diatheses. The reflection of the alternations at the morphological and syntactic level are described. It is also shown in which cases the diatheses lead to a transformation from a dynamic to a stative eventuality type.

More...