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Možnosti a limity využívania diagnostického nástroja „Karta na hodnotenie komunikačného správania dieťaťa s poruchou sluchu“ v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky

Author(s): Miroslava Tomášková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

The paper presents an analysis of the potential applications and limitations of the Polish diagnostic tool KOZK – Card for the assessment of communication behaviour in children with hearing impairments within the context of the Slovak Republic. The KOZK approach is a comprehensive method for evaluating communication in children with hearing impairments, encompassing not only spoken language but also facial expressions, gestures, and other forms of non-verbal communication. This area has yet to be explored in our context, offering new possibilities for special pedagogical diagnostics. This article presents the benefits of implementing KOZK, based on interviews with parents of selected children with hearing impairments and observations made as part of the evaluation of communication. Furthermore, the article addresses the potential limitations and challenges that may impact the efficacy of implementing KOZK in our context. In conclusion, the contribution provides an overview of the potential applications and recommendations for the effective use of the KOZK tool within the Slovak Republic.

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Преразглеждане на различието между понятията за биологичен и социален пол: денотации и конотации в етически план

Author(s): Hristo Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2025

The notion of gender does not blur the boundary between male and female but suggests that it is time to turn our attention to outlines that we have not seen for a long time: the outlines of all such persons who do not conform with the standards of the binary conception of gender for reasons such as inborn characteristics, environmental factors, culture, personal life, and so on. This state of affairs must be kept in mind by politicians, high state officials, academicians, lawyers, and other important stakeholders when it comes to real democratic public debate on the ratification of the Istanbul Convention, as well as the change of attitudes and expectations of the Bulgarian society in respect to this problem. The present article is an attempt to search for some solutions concerning this problematic field with a metaethical focus on the investigation of the meanings of terms used in our ethical judgments about the nature of the notions of sex and gender in the Bulgarian linguistic community.

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GROUP NAMES IN ETHNIC SLURS

Author(s): Ileana-Silvia Ciornei / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

The slang of ethnic abuse is a rich source of information about the collective self and cultural differences of human communities. Often derogatory, it displays the past and present of social relations in a country and sometimes its terms go to everyday speech and gain a place in the wider linguistic use. Reflecting the prejudice in cultural history, the purpose of an ethnic epithet is to insult and to control the behavior of a minority or of any other group to gain social status and influence the values of society. Manifested in hate speech, neutral mentioning, humorous and unaware uses, ethnic slurs have become a main object of applied linguistics or interdisciplinary research.Ethnic slurs are based on race, nationality, gender, cultural and social differences and occur in language in a variety of forms such as derisive nicknames for groups, metaphors or ethnicons and ethnic jokes. English-speaking nations created names and nicknames for all the groups they had contact or economic and cultural conflict and even created ethnic slurs about themselves. British English slurs based on group names are aimed most frequently at European nations or African and Asian people of the former British Empire or even at their close neighbors inside the country. American English slurs reflect the multicultural structure of American society; almost every group invented and used slurs for others although they are mainly aimed at Blacks, Mexicans, Jews, the Irish, Chinese, Italians. Among these, group names are often used in a variety of forms to express cultural, social and economic conflict among ethnic groups.

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KLARA AND THE SUN, AN UTOPIAN UNIVERSE

Author(s): Drug Elena / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

Klara and the sun is an allegorical story that depicts the truth of our contemporary world strongly influenced by the rise of technology and by its immersion in our daily life. Klara is an AF whose major duty is to become good friend for Josie, a little child who represents her generation of children who do not receive enough care from their families because they are too busy, AFs are tutors and protectors of children who live in a much technologized society where feelings are ignored until their human condition is doomed to loneliness. What the family cannot provide must be done by an AF who must be intelligent, able to anticipate the reactions and needs of the child he cares for and capable of love. Throughout the novel, the reader will discover that Klara is more than a sophisticated robot, she learns to understand the human feelings and she reproduces them, as if the feelings gain their own shapes or identifiable concrete structures.

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REBELLION AND CONFORMITY IN JANE EYRE

Author(s): ANCA RUSU / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

The present paper explores the tension between rebellion and conformity as central themes that shape the protagonist’s development. Jane’s journey is one of self-discovery, where she frequently challenges societal norms that seek to limit her autonomy. From an early age, Jane defies the oppressive authority of her aunt and the cruel treatment at Lowood School, asserting her desire for justice and self-respect. Her resistance to the limitations imposed by her gender and social status becomes evident as she navigates her first relationship, where her internal conflict revolves around the clash between love and personal integrity. She rebels against becoming subjugated by the man’s power and chooses independence over a life of submission. Brontë also underscores the significance of conformity within a structured society. Jane learns to reconcile her individuality with her social roles, finding fulfillment through her marriage, where she can assert herself as an equal partner. Through this dual exploration, Brontë portrays the complexities of balancing rebellion with conformity in the pursuit of personal freedom, self-respect, and love. Ultimately, the paper will present Jane Eyre as a profound meditation on the role of personal autonomy within the constraints of societal expectations.

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HUMBLE HOSPITALITY IN CALLIMACHUS' HECALE

Author(s): Mirela Averikios / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

This paper examines the representation of humble hospitality in Callimachus' Hecale, one of the most influential epyllia of antiquity. The poem presents the encounter between Theseus and the elderly Hecale, who offers him shelter in her modest dwelling during a storm. Through an analysis of the fragments, the study explores the poem’s thematic innovations, such as the anti-heroic perspective, the glorification of simple life, and the neoteric reconfiguration of epic motifs. Additionally, the paper highlights Callimachus' sophisticated poetic techniques, including intertextual references, stylistic contrast, and the reinterpretation of traditional epic conventions. By focusing on the central scene of hospitality, the study demonstrates how Hecale serves as both a literary innovation and a response to earlier epic traditions, particularly Homeric narratives. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of Callimachean aesthetics and the evolution of Hellenistic poetry.

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„Je fascinujúce, že som učiteľka a mám poruchu“ – učiteľstvo s poruchami učenia

Author(s): Miroslava Lemešová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

The study focuses on the topic of teachers with learning disabilities, which, despite the presence of individuals with learning disabilities in undergraduate teacher training programmes and in the teaching profession, has not received sufficient attention in Slovakia. The study employs narrative interviews to delineate pivotal moments and factors that shape the professional trajectories of four teachers with learning disabilities, and to examine their perceptions of teaching in the contextof professional identity formation. Thematic analysis of the data collected identified four categories of meaning that appear to be key to understanding teaching with learning disabilities. These are the following key areas: understanding impairment as part of life, functioning with a learning disability during one’s own education, choosing a future profession, and practising teaching with a learning disability. A significant finding is that the majority of research participants in the teaching profession have shifted from concealing their diagnosis in an attempt to circumvent previous negative experiences with stigma to disclosing their diagnosis as a means of effecting change.

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Относно методиката на преподаване на учебната дисциплина „Екологично право“ в юридическите факултети на Република България

Author(s): Georgi Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This scientific study refers the methods of teaching the subject „Environmental law“ in the law faculties of the Republic of Bulgaria. The attention is on some of its сharacteristics, giving general conclusions and recommendations about the examined legal regulations and the doctrine.

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Правен режим на експлоатацията на хидрогеотермалните ресурси и опазването на водите

Author(s): Mihaela Dotsova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

A special legal regime expands the proportion of energy derived from renewable sources, regulating the extraction and use of hydro-geothermal resources for energy production from geothermal sources. Several acts introduce this frame so far (the Renewable Energy Sources Act, the Underground Resources Act, the Water Act). However, their effectiveness is still debatable due to the different concepts they imply. Focusing on this, the article examines the contradictions, different terminology, and questions some legislative decisions.

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Поглед към административноправните режими на лечебните заведения

Author(s): Nina Chilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Medical institutions carry out their specific activities following various administrative law regimes, which the Medical Institutions Act mainly sets up, and the legislator has provided registration and authorisation regimes related to different requirements and conditions so far. The analysis of the health care legislation, albeit with certain specificities, supports the principle view in the doctrine that the registration regime, given the requisites to fulfil, is lighter than the licensing one; the respective authority acts under a bound competence. On the other hand, the authorisation or licensing regime is principally more onerous since the authority issuing the license or the authorisation decides at its discretion.

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Biografie psów w baśniach Hansa Christiana Andersena pt. „Krzesiwo” oraz „Bałwan ze śniegu”

Author(s): Katarzyna Mencfel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2024

The aim of the article is to analyse literary biographies of dogs in fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen. Fairy tales as a genre accompany readers from the youngest years, becoming an important element of childhood memories. Returning to them as a more mature reader allows for new interpretations, which take into account the complexity of literary characters, including the non-human ones. Special attention in Andersen’s works should be given to animals, who receive their own literary biographies. The article discusses the methodology of analysing animal biographies, and then, presents zoocritical intepretations of two selected fairy tales by the Danish writer. The ecocritical interpretation focuses on literary representation of dogs, including their symbolism and function in the narrative context. The conclusion of the article is devoted to suggestions on how to integrate animal biographies into teaching Polish in primary schools, including the teaching potential and educational value of this approach.

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Визия за формиране на дигитални компетентности в обучението на учители по история и география

Author(s): Maya Vasileva,Katya Misheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

What digital competencies are required by secondary school education, and what is the response of higher education in the context of history and geography teacher training? A number of arguments can be put forward, justifying the relevance of such questions at the current stage. In view of this, the article presents a scientific justification and a comparative analysis of the vision for the formation of digital competences, on the example of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with teachers preparing future teachers in both subjects. The scope of the sample of teachers covers over 70% of the disciplines, distributed by types: pedagogical, psychological, methodical, ICT-based disciplines and teaching practices. The collected data from the conducted interviews are summarized according to thematic directions: development of general digital competencies, development of digital pedagogical competencies, pedagogical approach, training practices, limitations related to educators’ practice, and main conclusions.

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Legal measures relating to the freedom of speech and the right to personality protection

Author(s): Michal Maslen,Martin Solík / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

The study focuses on the analysis of the constitutional and legal limits of the exercise of freedom of speech. This freedom forms one of the pillars of a democratic and legal state. However, the Constitution of the Slovak Republic and the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms allow for its legitimate limitations. The authors therefore examine the limits of restrictions on freedom of expression under the conditions of Slovak legislation. The role of independence and autonomy of media are also emphasised, and a specific case demonstrates the interaction between the personality protection of a public figure and freedom of expression.

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Active social media users on conspiracy facebook groups. Political, leadership, and worldview profiles

Author(s): Agnieszka Turska-Kawa,Irena Pilch / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

Social media outlets seem a natural place for spreading conspiracy theories. Facebook groups addressed to supporters of conspiracy theories are an essential element of these spaces. The presented research was conducted using a semi-structured interview method among the most active members of groups on Facebook focusing on themes promoting conspiracy thinking. Considering different motivations for activity on social media, we divided the sample into three subgroups, taking into account the degree of conspiratorial ideation. The study aimed to create profiles of characteristics for the “convinced” group (declaring a strong belief in conspiracy theories) and the “seeking” group (declaring less certainty in this regard). Subsequently, the differences between those belonging to the groups in terms of the three highlighted areas of functioning were analysed. Our study showed that worldview characteristics differentiated the groups with different levels of conspiracist ideation more clearly than psychological or political characteristics.

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Segmenting eWOM seekers in tourist destinations: communication dynamics in Czechia and Slovakia

Author(s): Kristína Pompurová,Kristína MEDEKOVÁ,Eva Zabudská / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

This study explores the segmentation of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) seekers in tourist destinations, with a specific focus on communication preferences and channels. The aim is to enhance the understanding of eWOM behaviour beyond traditional sociodemographic factors, emphasising communication strategies that influence consumer decision-making in selecting tourist destinations. Using data from an electronic survey completed by respondents in Czechia and Slovakia, cluster and factor analyses identified four main segments of eWOM seekers: eWOM Enthusiasts, Local Explorers, Global Influencer-Focused Travellers, and Authenticity-Seeking Globetrotters. The study further examines preferred communication channels, including key travel information hubs, influencer-led networks, and supplementary channels to tailor marketing strategies to specific segments. Findings provide valuable communication insights for destination marketers, offering a framework for future research on effectively leveraging eWOM in tourism marketing.

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Consumer agency and sustainability perceptions: comments on home appliances advertising on Instagram

Author(s): Eliza Bachega Casadei / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

This article examines the roles of symbolic, material, and competence agencies as reflected in consumer comments on Electrolux’s sustainability campaigns on Instagram, and how these agencies shape consumer perceptions of the brand’s environmental responsibility. Drawing on the theoretical and methodological foundations of Content Analysis, the study reveals that communications promoting technological innovations that facilitate sustainable practices – without demanding significant changes to consumers’ daily habits – are better received. In contrast, campaigns urging more active changes in daily practices face resistance and generate substantial backlash, including accusations of greenwashing. This study underscores the importance of balancing technological innovation with culturally sensitive communication strategies that resonate with consumers’ socio-cultural contexts and personal agency.

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CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSURE TO FAMILY VIOLENCE ON THE ACADEMIC SUCCESS OF CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS, AND YOUNG PEOPLE

Author(s): Marilena Geanina Bârsan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article examines the consequences of domestic violence on the lives and education of children, adolescents, and young people, highlighting how they can benefit from support within the educational system (Lloyd, 2018). By applying a systematic research and review approach, we synthetically analyzed studies that precisely evaluated the quantitative and qualitative impact of exposure to family violence on the academic achievements of these age groups. The results underscore the need for implementing educational solutions and support to help them overcome trauma and develop harmoniously. Synthesizing recent studies, we explored how exposure to family violence affects the adaptation and academic achievements of the respondents. The nine examined studies focused on the population of children, adolescents, and young people to assess the relationship between exposure to family violence and academic performance (Supol, 2021). In these research studies, exposure to family violence was treated as an independent variable, while academic success was considered a dependent variable. The conclusions highlight the significant link between family violence and a decline in academic results, emphasizing negative consequences on concentration and learning (da Silva Alves, 2021). Additionally, how a family climate marked by violence influences involvement in school activities, impacting their emotional well-being, is addressed. Through a comprehensive analysis of this topic, the review provides a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms through which family violence can influence the academic trajectory of young people and suggests possible directions for interventions and support.

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Social topics on social media: a communicative approach

Author(s): Mohamed Boukhobza / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

Social media has revolutionized discussions on social issues by facilitating real-time engagement and amplifying marginalized voices. It fosters community building, raises awareness through visual storytelling, and serves as a mobilizing tool for activism. However, the rapid proliferation of misinformation underscores the importance of developing critical media literacy. This essay examines the transformative impact of social media in shaping conversations around social issues, focusing on both its benefits and challenges. It analyzes their influence on raising awareness, activism, community building, and ethical issues related to privacy, representation, and misinformation. The study shows that social media plays a key role in community engagement, socio-political education, and mobilization. It offers a platform for marginalized voices, facilitates international discussions, and improves mental well-being through social connections. However, the spread of misinformation and ethical challenges related to privacy and representation remain major obstacles to overcome.

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Violence in the print media: towards a psychosocial perspective

Author(s): Djamila Ouchene / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

This study examines the impact of sports-specific print media on violence in football stadiums in Algeria. The goal is to analyze the relationship between media discourse and violent behaviors observed, particularly among young spectators. A quantitative approach was adopted, with a questionnaire distributed to 140 sports journalists from four Algerian newspapers. The questions focused on sports media and violence. The results show that the sports press plays a crucial role in inciting violence by cultivating a culture of revenge and reinforcing fanaticism among supporters. Media coverage seems to amplify the portrayal of violence, contributing to the escalation of violent behaviors in the stadiums. The study highlights the influence of media on young people, increasing their tendency to adopt aggressive behaviors, which raise concerns regarding the harmful effect of these media representations on society. The conclusions suggest that media should adopt a more responsible approach to limit the spread of violence in sports and in the Algerian society.

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Determinants of Successful Femvertising in the Lingerie Industry: A Case Study on VS Collective and Aerie Real

Author(s): Francisca Carvalho,Alexandre Duarte / Language(s): English Issue: 50/2024

With the rise of the feminist movement in recent years, many brands began to adhere to the movement’s values, launching campaigns focused on inclusion, diversity, and women’s empowerment, which became known as femvertising. However, there is a lack of research exploring how brands that adhere to similar feminist principles in their respective advertising are received differently by the public. This study aims to fill this literature gap and contribute to the growing body of research by investigating how femvertising principles are incorporated into the advertising strategies of Victoria’s Secret and American Eagle Outfitters (AEO). To this end, this study relies on a comparative analysis of these two prominent brands within the lingerie industry. The findings of this study reveal that a key marker of authenticity, and therefore one of the main determinants of the success of a feminist campaign, is the coherence of advertising messages with the brand’s corporate practices, products, and social initiatives.

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