WHY WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY?! What is UNSCR 1325?

Author(s): Ankica Tomic / Language(s): English Issue: 45/2023

In 2000, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) which calls for the inclusion of women in all phases of peace processes, protection from Women’s human rights violations, and access to justice. The purpose of this article is to analyze and discuss the background reasons that led to the adoption of the first UN Resolution (1325) on WPS. The article also provides a brief overview of the recommended policy framework (National Action Plan) by the Secretary General of the Security Council for the implementation of Resolution 1325 and the key challenges and gaps in the implementation process. Additionally, the approach of regional organizations: the EU, NATO, and the OSCE will be explored in developing and establishing the tools and means for the implementation of WPS at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels.

Необходимост от изучаване на речевата патология

Author(s): Juliana Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article argues for the need to study speech pathology in adults in order to improve communication in the field of health care and to overcome crisis in the social and personal contacts of persons with speech disorders. A critical review of the state of research in our country in the field of neurolinguistics from the 1970s until now has been made. The emphasis is placed on the reception of world achievements in the diagnosis and therapy of aphasias, taking into account the specificity of the Bulgarian language.

Мюсюлманските общности в Западните Балкани

Author(s): Atanas Dermendzhiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article focuses on the place of Muslim communities in the Western Balkans on the example of Slovenia and Croatia. Special attention is paid to the attitude of the majority in these countries towards minority groups and their place in society. Activities in the field of integration policy are highlighted.

Символика на природно-мистичното пространство в творчеството на Юлиуш Словацки

Author(s): Dimitrina Hamze / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The symbol, as an unconscious visual projection of emotional movements within the subject's psychic space, has exceptional creative power for artistic personalities. This power is manifested in the emission of valuable philosophical, intellectual, aesthetic, and spiritual messages. Thus, the unconscious origin of the symbol and its spontaneous emergence "retreat into the shadows" to make way for various interpretive suggestions. The aim of the study is to present some of the symbolism of the natural-cosmic sphere in the works of Juliusz Słowacki, with its semantic richness and diversity. The methods used include the semantic-analytical and comparative approaches.

Национален референдум - същност и правна рамка

Author(s): Boyan Stanimirov Vidolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

This report looks specifically at the National Referendum. It gives the difference between the different types of referendums in Bulgaria, the nature of the referendum and the legal framework. It examines the whole process by looking at the „Law on the Direct Participation of Citizens in State Power and Local Self-Government”.

Policy Regarding People with Disabilities - from the National Framework to Individual Employment

Author(s): Tsanko Stefanov / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The subject of the study is the national and regional framework in the field of policy for people with disabilities and their opportunity for employment, and the subject of the study is a specific organization - a labor production cooperative for people with disabilities.

Информационна сигурност във висшите учебни заведения

Author(s): Elena Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

A survey is being conducted among 56 Bulgarian citizens who work in the field of higher education, in the period April 2024 - September 2024. The purpose of the survey is to establish the state of information security in higher education institutions through the opinion, attitudes, the perceptions of those working in the field. The questions are grouped according to three main principles – demographic characteristics, professional characteristics and personal opinion. The main conclusion is that the surveyed employees feel secure regarding the performance of their work duties and the protection of personal data in an information security environment.

Концептуален модел за подобряване на информационна сигурност във висшите учебни заведения

Author(s): Elena Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Security threat analysis deals with issues such as principles and responsibilities, security threat assessment, risk management, and the method used to neutralize threats. Security risk management involves planning, organizing, managing and controlling resources to ensure that risks are kept within acceptable limits. The development of an effective model for improving information security in higher education should be based on cumulative data and information, and the activity of evaluating its functionality should include a series of organized and planned actions. The built model is based on the following criteria: Risk Management, Information Security Implementation, Cyberspace, Information Security Architecture. The information security model, which will serve for complex crisis management in the event of an attack from cyberspace, has four main vertical axes: People and Identity, Data and Information, Application Security, Infrastructure. The expected benefits of its implementation are of an exceptional nature for the security of the institution: attraction of students and administrative staff, prevention of hacker attacks and loss of reputation, response to evolving security threats, improvement of processes and strategies, protection of data privacy, cost reduction, improvement of organizational culture

Cъврeмeнни прeдизвикатeлcтва на здравната cигурнocт

Author(s): Emiliya Kasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Health security has been among the main priorities of the EU since its creation. In recent decades, more and more factors influence the level of health security. Some of the most serious challenges are the deterioration of the quality of life, the aging of the population, the lowering of the health status of the majority of people, etc. In addition, cross-border threats and the growing risk of financial deficits (underfunding) in national health systems contribute to a stronger sense of insecurity. The EU needs a new health security policy so that it can deal with modern challenges

Информационна сигурност в здравеопазването

Author(s): Emiliya Kasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Information processes are present in all areas of medicine and health care. The electronic health care system increases the efficiency of medical care and improves access to health care, especially in separate areas for the disabled and the elderly. Electronic healthcare is the basis of the implementation of the strategic goals and priorities of the National Health Strategy 2030. Ensuring the reliability and security of health information is an ongoing process where new and reliable software and hardware techniques are sought to achieve this goal. Ensuring data protection requires analysis of the functioning system and the design and implementation of relevant technologies to improve security

Дискурсът за етичното веганство като модел за изграждане на идентичност

Author(s): Silvia Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The text explores the ethical components of identity formation in the modern era through popular food practices. The focus of interest is veganism as a model of identity based on (the claim to) an ethical stance towards others and the world. The ways in which food today can act as a substitute for various causes are examined. In the context of contemporary culture, veganism can be interpreted between the poles of moral imperative, the concern for the health and longevity of one’s own body, and the hedonistic promise of enjoyment of food and of life itself. The methodological approach involves a review and critical reflection on the ethical component of identity construction through the prism of nutrition in contemporary culture, as well as an exploration of the manifestations of ethical veganism in specific contexts (e.g. in the debates surrounding the production and consumption of in vitro meat).

Предизвикателства пред киберсигурността в условията на дигитална трансформация

Author(s): Elena Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The present article examines the cybersecurity challenges arising from digital transformation, highlighting key issues – data breaches, ransomware, and Internet of Things (IoT) vulnerabilities. It discusses the evolving tactics of cyber adversaries and the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving cybersecurity measures while addressing ethical issues and regulatory efforts. It highlights the need for a balanced approach to cybersecurity and offers recommendations for a more sustainable stance on the issue. Overall, valuable information is provided for cybersecurity professionals, policymakers, and researchers navigating the complexities of digital transformation and cybersecurity, as well as for each user.

ФЕРТИЛИТЕТ СТАНОВНИШТВА У СРБИЈИ У 21. ВЕКУ

Author(s): Daniela Arsenović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 189/2024

Total fertility rate below replacement level is one of the main characteristics of the contemporary demographic development of the population in Serbia. The results of the Census conducted in 2022 further intensified the already raised issue of low reproductive rate and the total fertility rate in Serbia today counts 1.63, which is the highest value recorded in the 21st century. The decline in the fertility rate began in the 20th century. The main drivers of this decrease are demographic and economic factors and the ones that impact the formation of the society in which individuals and couples tend to experience parenthood. The main aim of this paper is to give trends and changes of fertility in Serbia during the 21th century, using Census data from 2002, 2011 and 2022, as well as vital statistics. According to the 2022 census, there were 6,647,003 inhabitants in Serbia, and out of that number, 51.4% were women, i.e. 44.4% were women aged 15 and over and 21.1% were women of the age 15–49. Analysis of data for three censuses conducted in the 21st century demonstrates that the number of women who have not given birth is decreasing, which is a consequence of the decline in the overall population. When it comes to the order of birth of a child, the majority are women who gave birth to two children, then one child, then women who gave birth to three children, four and five and more. The number of women aged 15 and over according to the order of birth of the child has decreased both in relation to one child and according to the higher order of birth. Nevertheless, the share of women aged 15 and over who gave birth to two in relation to the total number of women of that age increased slightly. One of the important characteristics of the fertility in Serbia is the increase in the average age of the mother at birth. The change in the age model of birth has impact on average number of children per women, which is also shown by the adjusted total fertility rate.

ЗНАЧАЈ ПОПИСА СТАНОВНИШТВА ЗА ПОЗНАВАЊЕ СОЦИО-ДЕМОГРАФСКЕ СТРУКТУРЕ СПОЉНИХ МИГРАНАТА ИЗ СРБИЈЕ

Author(s): Milica Z. Vesković Anđelković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 189/2024

The population census in Serbia has a long tradition, dating back to the era of Prince Miloš. However, initially, its purpose was not directed towards understanding the population but rather predicting the state’s certain revenue from taxes. After the Second World War, the census’s purpose changed. Namely, the number and structure of the population came to the forefront. Thus, among other things, it represents a source of information for decision-makers. Regarding data on migration populations, they have been regularly collected since the 1971 Census. Many standards recommended by the United Nations have been accepted but adjusted to local capabilities and needs. Considering that data is collected from household members who are in the country, not from emigrants, discrepancies in the actual numbers and structure of this group are expected. However, analyses of data collected in population censuses represent a valid sample based on which one can conclude about the directions of movement and the structure of emigrants.

ОДАБИР СПЕЦИЈАЛИЗАЦИЈЕ: РОДНЕ РАЗЛИКЕ И НЕЈЕДНАКОСТИ МЕЂУ СТУДЕНТИМА МЕДИЦИНЕ

Author(s): Nevena Grozdanovski,Jovana M. Čikić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 190/2024

Participation of women in medical education has significantly increased in the last few decades, and they now constitute more than half of the total number of medical students in many countries. However, their underrepresentation in traditionally masculine medical specialties is noticeable. The aim of this study is to highlight the topics in the previously published works on gender differences in medical education, as well as the factors influencing their reproduction, especially in the selection of specialization. A systematic search of papers was conducted using foreign and domestic electronic databases. We have analyzed 25 foreign and five domestic papers. In foreign research, five themes were identified: factors in specialization choice, gender differences in specialization selection, gender inequalities in medical specialties, gender-based discrimination in medical specializations and the importance of mentoring in specialization selection. The results indicate a lower interest of female students in surgery, discrimination they encounter in “male” medical specialties, but also female mentors as one of the possible solutions in such situations. Working hours and lifestyle were the most important factors in choosing specialty. Analyzed papers showed that female and male students’ choice of specialty was different. In addition, unequal opportunities for the advancement of women in medicine are impacted by glass ceiling effect, which, combined with the push factors and gender stereotypes, led to unequal representation of men and women in masculine medical specialties. Additionally, the results point out insufficient exploration of this topic in domestic literature.

ПОЈЕДИНИ АСПЕКТИ ОБРАДЕ ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ РАТА У САВРЕМЕНИМ СРПСКИМ И РУМУНСКИМ УЏБЕНИЦИМА ИСТОРИЈЕ ЗА НИЖЕ РАЗРЕДЕ

Author(s): Marija Milinković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 191/2024

The article compares how modern Serbian elementary school history textbooks and Romanian gymnasium (lower secondary school) history textbooks portray the First World War. It examines the content and sensitive topics between 1914 and 1918, including the causes of the First World War, Romania’s role in the war (1916–1918), and the military campaign carried out by the Central Powers against Serbia in 1915. The article also looks at the role of methodological and didactic elements, as well as visual materials. Additionally, the paper analyzes how historical sources and maps are represented in history textbooks. After analyzing the textbooks, the article concludes that Serbian history textbooks place more importance on memorizing historical facts rather than promoting critical thinking among students. In contrast, Romanian history textbooks encourage students to analyze historical sources and visual material creatively. Furthermore, they offer more examples of role-playing, simulations, and debates, which are essential for developing students’ critical thinking skills.

The notion of denazification in Serbian print media in 2022-2023

Author(s): Vojislav S. Todorović,Ratko Lj. Ljubojević,Jelena V. Radović Stojanović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2024

One of the goals of the special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine has been the denazification of Ukrainian society. The aim of the research is to determine how the media public in the Republic of Serbia saw denazification in relation to its factors: history, politics, economy, culture. Through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of media content, we have performed a descriptive identification of the term itself, as well as its frequency. Empirical research was carried out, which included five daily newspapers with the largest circulation in the Republic of Serbia: Novosti, Politika, Kurir, Blic and Danas, in the period from February 2022 to October 2023. The research indicates the active role of the print media in describing the concept of denazification, and the polarized attitudes of print media towards the denazification process, depending on whether they belong to mainstream or alternative print media, as well as the critical perception of the application of the National Socialist ideology in practice.

Impact of artificial intelligence on practicing judicial professions

Author(s): Marina M. Matić Bošković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming various sectors, and the judicial system is no exception. The author explores the impact of AI on practicing judicial professions. The integration of AI into judicial systems offers significant benefits in terms of efficiency, access to justice, and decision-making accuracy. However, it also poses challenges that need to be addressed through careful implementation, ethical considerations, and continuous adaptation. Although the use of the AI in the judiciary is on the rise and varies from country to country, it brings potential risks for fundamental rights. In the article, the author assessed whether the use of AI by judicial professionals jeopardize the right to a fair trial, including the right to an independent and impartial court, equality of parties, etc. The author also evaluates whether some of the introduced tools, especially those predicting court decisions and recidivism, violate fundamental rights. Finally, the author assesses options for further development and use of AI by judicial professions.

Cokolwiek się nie wydarzy mieć odwagę i honor w każdej sytuacji zachować się po prostu przyzwoicie… Granice gościnności na przykładzie przyjęcia w Polsce osób uchodźczych z Ukrainy

Author(s): Jowita Radzińska,Agnieszka Golińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

(Why?) Evidence-Based Treatments for War-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Author(s): Agnieszka Popiel,Ewa Pragłowska ,Bogdan Zawadzki / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Any war increases at least twice the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in its victims. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects about 10% of car accident victims, half of the people who have experienced rape or war, and victims of violence. PTSD negatively affects the quality of life. It is associated with direct and indirect health costs. Any effort to treat and prevent PTSD with evidence-based methods is our obligation toward trauma victims and to professionals at an increased risk of job-related traumatization. In the paper, we will focus on three aspects. First – a rationale of decision making – the role of evidence in elaborating the intervention guidelines will be described. Second, an overview of evidence-based guidelines for the psychological help and for the diagnosis and treatment of PTSD will be presented, according to current NICE (National Institute of Care Excellence) and APA (American Psychological Association) and meta-analyses focusing on war-related trauma. The third part of the paper will be devoted to the prevention of PTSD in people who are exposed to professional, duty-related trauma – the data on the efficacy of preventive interventions together with a short description of the programs (on the example of “Effective performance under stress” program designed to prevent PTSD in firefighters and other professions).