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PROGRAMA DE MATEMATICĂ PENTRU GIMNAZIU: UN ECHILIBRU ÎNTRE MODERN ŞI TRADIŢIONAL

Author(s): Luminita Catana / Language(s): Romany Issue: 2/2018

After new math curriculum for the middle school (5th – 8th grades) came into force, in 2017, it was found that significant differences between the formal curriculum, thought by school curriculum designers, and the curriculum interpreted by teachers and applied in class, may appear, even when teachers have participated in curricular training courses. These differences can be determined by factors such as teaching habits, class level, manual used, or even the national exams at the end of the 8th grade. Starting from the general idea that it is necessary for teachers to decode correctly and to accept the new vision of constructing mathematical knowledge using the curriculum, this paper details the new aspects of the middle school mathematics. Their presentation is reported for each section of the program, insisting on the differences from the previous version. The article could be useful to providers of didactic training programs for middle school mathematics teachers, as well as to teachers who wish to design and develop various didactic resources for mathematics, in accordance to the new curriculum.

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Kręte ścieżki reform decentralizacyjnych w Ukrainie

Author(s): Paweł Swianiewicz / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 88/2022

The article presents the history of decentralisation reforms in Ukraine beginning with the last decade of the 20th century until the end of the year 2021, with a special focus on the territorial-administrative reform implemented in 2015–2020. The level of local autonomy in Ukraine is compared to the local autonomy index in other European countries, which was created on the basis of the same methodology.

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The Territorial and Decentralization Reform in Ukraine (2014–2020)

Author(s): Serhii Horbliuk,Oleh Brovko / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 88/2022

The article is devoted to the reform of local self-government and territorial organisation of power in Ukraine, which took place in 2014–2020, combining three important tasks: improving the system of public authority, strengthening local self-government, and streamlining the administrative-territorial system in the state. The analysis conducted in the study concerns: the main problems to be addressed by the relevant reform; the chronology of the adoption of key regulations and their role in this process; the results of the amalgamation of territorial communities; and the communities’ ability to ensure the sustainable development of territories. As a result, the article highlights the stages of the implementation of the reform of local self-government and territorial organisation of power in Ukraine, as well as outlines several unresolved issues in this area.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of the Local Government Reform in Ukraine and Other Countries: A Comparative Legal Analysis

Author(s): Rostyslav А. Kаliuzhny,Yevhen O. Bytyrin,Liudmyla A. Shapenko,Yaroslav Zhuravel,Alona A. Lukashenko / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 88/2022

Decentralisation in Ukraine is an important factor in the development of a democratic system of government. The reform of local self-government aims to create new relations between citizens, local authorities, and the state. The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the local government reform in Ukraine and other countries in order to identify its main advantages and disadvantages as well as indicate ways to overcome the existing shortcomings in this area. The study determined that decentralisation in the country leads to democratic transformations of society based on civic initiative and responsibility, as well as provides a decent standard of living and quality services at the local level. The introduction of decentralisation can be observed in almost all areas, including administrative, political, financial, and social. This significantly affects the potential of the population and increases the responsibility of public authorities to the population. There is an increase in the level of public services with regard to economic, legal, political, social, and ethnic issues. Finally, proposals were made to make changes in the field of local self-government in order to overcome the existing problems in this area.

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Tamed Ugliness: The Problems of Shaping and Appreciating the Aesthetics of Polish Urban Spaces

Author(s): Anna Gralewska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 88/2022

This article is an attempt to compile the existing knowledge from many fields about the aesthetics of Polish urban space: the conditions of its creation, its perception, and the problems it currently faces, of which a pressure for absolute aestheticisation appears to be the most dangerous. Through a multidisciplinary literature review as well as an analysis of public discourse and interviews with experts, the author attempts to answer the question about why there is such a large discrepancy in the assessment of the aesthetics of urban spaces in Poland, as well as how this is influenced by cultural, legal, administrative, and historical conditions.

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Dotacje inwestycyjne z rządowych funduszy wsparcia dla samorządów 2019–2021. Polityczna alokacja zasobów?

Author(s): Łukasz Wiktor Olejnik / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 88/2022

This article contains the in-depth analysis of the distribution of funds from the Road Development Fund (RDF), the Local Government Investment Fund (LGIF), the 100 Bypass Road Programme, and the Strategic Investment Fund for possible alignment bias. It was demonstrated that in the case of every fund except the 100 Bypass Road Programme, municipalities ruled by the United Right received government grants significantly more often, or received higher grants. In the case of the LGIF, the scope of favouring was meaningful. To make the results robust, a set of control variables was used.

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Wykorzystanie II transzy Rządowego Funduszu Inwestycji Lokalnych jako instrument polityki klientelistycznej rządu wobec samorządu w perspektywie doświadczeń z województwa opolskiego

Author(s): Bartosz Czepil / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 88/2022

The purpose of this article is to analyse both the allocation of the financial support from the 2nd instalment of the CGFLI in the Opolskie Voivodeship and the debate in this region over accusations of the clientelistic allocation of this fund. According to the first hypothesis, the local governments affiliated with the German minority are not treated as politically neutral; therefore, they might be vulnerable to discrimination in allocation of the fund. The second hypothesis claims that the peculiarity of the local political patterns in the voivodeship, which is characterised by the low level of partisanship, gives the ruling party’s regional politicians the opportunity to undermine the thesis on clientelistic distribution of the CGFLI. The research has shown that the local governments affiliated with the German minority have a lower chance of getting financial support when compared to the non-partisan ones. Additionally, the study has distinguished five modes of counter-arguing against the thesis on clientelism, employed by the ruling party politicians of the region.

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„W ogóle autobusu nie widać”. Życie na obszarach wykluczenia transportowego

Author(s): Justyna Orchowska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 88/2022

The issue of transport-related exclusion in Poland is increasingly being raised in the public debate. This problem intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the reduction in the number of routes and the frequency of buses and trains. However, in Poland, the scientific literature on this subject is still insufficient. This article attempts to broaden our knowledge on this topic. The main objective of the paper is to show, from the perspective of the residents, various aspects of transport-related exclusion. Three dimensions of this phenomenon are considered: limited access to public transport, spatial and temporal limitations, and the inability to participate in important social institutions. The article is based on three case studies in the Masovian Voivodeship, namely from Ostrów Mazowiecka, Żuromin, and Tczów. The research was carried out in 2021 through the use of two methods: an analysis of secondary resources and individual in-depth interviews. Based on the opinions and observations of the residents of the above-mentioned towns, this article presents the social consequences of limited access to bus and train connections.

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Gniew „Wściekłej Henryki” i dziewczyński bunt w listach do redakcji „Filipinki” (1957–1989)

Author(s): Katarzyna Stańczak-Wiślicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2022

This article, based on the analysis of a series of letters about the unfair division of roles in the family sent to the editor of “Filipinka” in 1967 is part of the trend of girlhood studies and research on the social history of emotions. It shows how the process of distinguishing girls as a social group and the development of girl culture was accompanied by their gradual emotional emancipation. Letters to the editor, being a specific form of communication, are treated in the article as a kind of “emotional shelter” according to William Reddy’s terminology, allowing for the articulation of affects that go beyond the set of accepted emotional norms and may be signs of social change.

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Smutne Dziewczyny w walce o własną podmiotowość

Author(s): Krystyna Kazanecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2022

This article presents the formation of the Sad Girl phenomenon in Poland and its meanings acquired in the Polish context. It focuses on female activists’ attempts to enrich the visual language so that it is more attuned to everyday experience. It analyzes how subversive gestures enter pop culture, how they have become conventions and identity patterns, and how they have been appropriated and commercialized by the platforms on which they function. The article also captures cultural patterns regarding the expression of pain and the impact of gender stereotypes on the socialization of boys and girls.

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O dziewczyńskości wiedźmy na podstawie Szkoły czarownic

Author(s): Anouk Herman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2022

The author discusses the relationship between the concepts of girlhood and witchcraft, and analyzes the similarities between the figures of the girl and the witch, trying to place them in the context of contemporary feminist thought and girlhood studies. Her research material is The Craft, directed by Andrew Fleming.

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„Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny” (1956–2021) – czasopismo Wydziału Pedagogicznego Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Author(s): Janina Kamińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny (“Education Research Quarterly”) has been published by the University of Warsaw since 1956. The journal was established by Prof. Bogdan Suchodolski, who also became its first editor-in-chief. In 1970, the duties were taken over by Prof. Łukasz Kurdybacha, and in 1974 by Prof. Wincenty Okoń. In the years 1985–1992 the journal was led by Prof. Czesław Kupisiewicz, in 1992–2012 by Prof. Andrea Folkierska, in 2012–2013 by Prof. Mirosław S. Szymański, and in 2013–2021 by Prof. Adam Fijałkowski. Currently, Prof. Joanna Madalińska-Michalak is the journal’s editor-in-chief. Since the very beginning, the journal has published the latest research results and articles presenting different approaches to pedagogical and educational issues in Poland, and in the world. They are published in the “Articles”, “Colloquia” and “Research Materials and Reports” sections. The journal publishes review articles and texts in foreign languages as well. The authors of the texts are scientists from various fields of research: educators, psychologists, philosophers, sociologists, creators of culture, social activists, as well as young adepts of science – graduates of pedagogical faculties and doctoral students. This article presents an outline of the history of the journal in the years 1956–2021. The basis for the preparation of the text was an analysis of the content of the journal published over the course of 65 years, and the literature on the subject. Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny is one of the leading Polish scientific journals. For 65 years, it has been a journal of the Warsaw pedagogical community, which involved Polish and foreign authors representing different views on pedagogical issues, who understand the need for interdisciplinarity and research openness. The history of the journal is worth undertaking more extensive research and preparing a monograph.

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Self-authoring characteristics of the Montessori School graduates

Author(s): Beata Bednarczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The modern world requires a new mindset for people to enable them to become self-evaluating human beings. Kegan (1994) termed this complex system of mind the self-authorship. This is the ability to generate belief systems and intrapersonal states internally. The self-authorship analyses are culturally diverse. This paper presents two theories, namely the concept of self-authorship by Baxter Magolda (1998, 2001) and Obuchowski’s (2000, 2006) theory of self-authoring personality. The latter remains a framework of the description of central psychosocial attributes for the self-authoring personality of Montessori School graduates. The self-authoring studies of diagnostic character aimed at qualification of the authoring personality standard as well as subjective denotations of authoring attributes of the Montessori School graduates. The study covered 69 former students (56.5% women, 43.5% men) of the state Primary Montessori School in Lublin. The self-authoring personality standard was qualified using The Self-Authoring Personality Questionnaire elaborated by Obuchowski and colleagues (Blachnio & Obuchowski, 2011). The personal denotations conferred on authoring attributes were examined by means of the questionnaire My Experiences based on the adaptation of Self-Confrontation Method by Hermans (1991). The level of self-authoring personality in female and male groups was high and characterised by similar values. In the personal statements the persons being examined described themselves as those who perceive themselves as a source of behaviour and the own aims were object of their projects designed for accomplishment in relation with the other people. As follows from the data, the participants of the study acquired skills indispensable for making individual decisions about themselves and the outer world.

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Skala Samoregulacji Uczenia się (SSU) – narzędzie do badania poziomu samoregulacji uczenia się uczniów w edukacji przedmiotowej

Author(s): Małgorzata Tyszkowska,Aleksandra Wolska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article presents the concept of self-regulated learning as a key competence of a fourth grade student entering subject education. The increased number of school subjects and growing requirements for the student make it necessary to organise one’s own learning process well. The presented concept, based on the model of self-regulated learning according to Monique Boekaerts, indicates its complexity and the presence of both cognitive and motivational components. Based on the Monique Boekaerts model of self-regulation, a tool was constructed to test the level of self-regulated learning for students at the stage of subject education. The tool enables testing the level of self-regulation of learning and may be of significant importance in building awareness a of self-regulation of learning and its development. The Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire (SRLQ) consists of 34 items and has a Likert-type response format. The examined person marks their degree of consent or disagreement with each of the statements on a 4-point scale. The tool has been subjected to validation tests. The analysis of the reliability of the test items included in the Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire showed that the reliability of the tool is satisfactory and amounts for the entire scale: α = 0.91, for the motivational subscale α = 0.87, and for the cognitive subscale α = 0.82.

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Order Uśmiechu i różne aspekty dobra dziecka

Author(s): Piotr Kostyło / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

In this article the reviewer considers the main strands of Marek Michalak’s book under the title The Order of the Smile – a Common World of Children and Adults. The book was published in Warsaw by the International Chapter of the Order of the Smile in 2020. In the book the author raises a few strands which are developed separately from each other. The first strand consists in a scientific (pedagogical and psychological) considerations of the selected questions related to the functioning of children in the world of adults; the second strand involves references to legal decisions regarding subjectivity, responsibility, rights, and duties of children; the third strand presents to readers the phenomenon of an international institution – the Order of the Smile; finally, the fourth strand refers to the pedagogical legacy of Janusz Korczak. Each of the above-mentioned strands is cognitively valuable in itself, however, the book seems to lack a distinct connecting element that would, in a synthetical way, put together all those strands. The reviewer suggests that the role of the connecting element might play the concept of the child welfare.

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Międzynarodowe programy kształcenia jako element zmiany edukacyjnej w polskim systemie oświaty

Author(s): Małgorzata Kosiorek / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (39)/2022

The main aim of the article is to present selected international education programmes implemented in Poland (International Baccalaureate, Advanced Placement, International General Certificate of Secondary Education) in the context of educational change. The background of the analyses is the metamorphoses in the Polish education system after the period of political transformation. Literature in the field of education policy, theory of educational systems, normative documents of educational law, European Union directives and programme documents of international organizations conducting and accrediting IB, AP, and IGCSE programmes were used for the research. The author argues that the educational change that took place after 1989 in the organization and structure of the education system made it possible to implement international education programmes and contributed to the democratization and socialization of the Polish education system. Currently, international education programmes constitute an attractive educational offer that provides a chance for continuing education at renowned foreign universities, makes it possible to efficiently find oneself on the global labour market, and also prepares young people to be active members of civil society, guided by such values of political and social life as respect for human rights, democracy, solidarity, freedom of speech, and tolerance.

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Kształcenie w plenerze: perspektywa polskich nauczycieli edukacji elementarnej

Author(s): Renata Michalak,Teresa Parczewska / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (39)/2022

The article presents the results of the research showing Polish teachers’ knowledge and experiences concerning organising outdoor education of children. The research searched for answers to the following questions: How do teachers define outdoor education? Where do they derive knowledge about it from? Do they take into account spaces and places other than the school building in the education process? What methods and forms of work with a child do they prefer? What factors facilitate and which make it difficult for them to practise outdoor education? The relationship between the selected aspects of outdoor education practised by teachers and the location of the school (city and village) was also examined. The research used the diagnostic survey method and the questionnaire technique. A proprietary questionnaire for elementary education teachers was developed. 276 respondents, in response to the questions, revealed their knowledge, their own views, and described their own activities related to the practice of outdoor education. Empirical data have shown that in Polish schools, outdoor education is practised extremely rarely, and its frequency is mainly related to the location of the facility. Incidentally conducted, it is characterised by a predominantly didaskalocentric attitude. Respondents indicate that only occasional education outside the school building results mainly from the lack of acceptance of this type of classes by the headmaster of schools and parents, and also from deficit of teachers’ competence in this area. The undertaken studies are important due to their unique nature in Poland. Moreover, they show directions of changes desired in teacher education curricula and the process of shaping parents’ awareness.

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Dziecięce doświadczanie edukacji zdalnej - codzienność pierwszoklasistów

Author(s): Jolanta Bonar,Zuzanna Zbróg / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (39)/2022

The purpose of this paper is to present the everyday school life of younger pupils in pandemic times. The rationale behind the study (conducted from the child’s perspective) lies in the conviction that minors are active actors who understand and interpret the social reality around them and, therefore, are the most reliable source of information (for adults) on the meaning of everyday situations for them. It is validated by a new sociology of childhood that treats children as active agents who play a major part in creating their own childhood (Corsaro, 2015). The research material was collected through a focus group interview with first grade pupils from selected primary schools in Poland. This helped the authors understand children’s experience of distance learning. Analysis of the collected material reveals the many and diverse experiences children have regarding e-learning. The study makes it possible to identify the main categories impacting their daily school-related activities, the tangible environment that constitutes the physical space behind these activities, and the accompanying emotions. It shows that the peculiar nature of distance learning (resulting from changes in social relationships, level of competences – especially digital – and the different degree of support from family and teachers) meant that pupils’ education in the pandemic provoked very strong, diverse emotions. Negative feelings predominated, including the fear and sadness typical for dangerous situations. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie codzienności edukacyjnej dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym w dobie pandemii. Badanie optyki dziecka wyrasta z przekonania, iż to właśnie dzieci, będące aktywnymi podmiotami rozumiejącymi i interpretującymi rzeczywistość społeczną wokół siebie, stanowią najbardziej wiarygodne źródło informujące dorosłych o tym, jakie znaczenie mają dla nich sytuacje z ich życia codziennego (Corsaro, 2005). Materiał badawczy zgromadzono za pomocą wywiadu fokusowego, przeprowadzonego z uczniami klas pierwszych wybranych szkół podstawowych w Polsce i pomagającego wniknąć w sposoby dziecięcego doświadczania edukacji zdalnej. Analiza zebranego materiału badawczego wskazuje na zróżnicowane doświadczenia dzieci związane z edukacją zdalną. Pozwala wyłonić dominujące kategorie dotyczące: codziennych czynności dzieci związanych z uczeniem się, środowiska materialnego stwarzającego fizyczną przestrzeń służącą do ich wykonywania oraz towarzyszących im emocji.

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Co młodemu człowiekowi w XXI wieku może dać harcerstwo?

Author(s): Bogusław Śliwerski,Minoo Bohatkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (39)/2022

The global scouting movement is over 100 years old, therefore the reason for conducting preliminary research among scouts was to search for an answer to the question: What can scouting give to a young person today? The authors reconstructed the key values from the beginning of the scouting movement in the world, and then compared their evolution in Polish scouting in the period of People's Republic of Poland. The researchers were interested in whether the period of political transformation in Poland and the programmatic and methodological changes in the scout movement are present in the consciousness of its current members as still valid in relation to the fundamental principles of scouting. The results of Aleksander Kamiński's research from the 1970s, which sought an answer to the above question, were compared. The results obtained in 2022 from research conducted in the qualitative paradigm are surprising. Ruch skautowy liczy na świecie ponad 100 lat, toteż powodem przeprowadzenia wstępnych badań wśród harcerzy było poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytanie: Co młodemu człowiekowi może dziś dać harcerstwo? Autorzy dokonali rekonstrukcji kluczowych wartości z początku ruchu skautowego na świecie, aby następnie porównać ich ewolucję w polskim harcerstwie w okresie Polski Ludowej. Badaczy interesowało czy okres transformacji ustroju politycznego w Polsce, zmiany programowo-metodyczne w ruchu harcerskim zapisały się w świadomości jego współczesnych członków jako wciąż aktualne w stosunku do fundamentalnych założeń skautingu. Porównano wyniki badań Aleksandra Kamińskiego z lat 70.XX wieku, który poszukiwał odpowiedzi na powyższe pytanie. Uzyskane wyniki w 2022 roku z badań przeprowadzonych w paradygmacie jakościowym jest zaskakujący.

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Czego nie wolno? System aksjonormatywny dziecka w czasach pandemii (na podstawie wypowiedzi dzieci)

Author(s): Marta Wójcicka,Edyta Manasterska-Wiącek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (39)/2022

The article is an attempt to analyze the reception of elements of axionormative order by children. Based on research conducted among preschool and early school children and their answers to the questions: what is not allowed? and: what is not allowed during a pandemic, we try to reflect on the durability and changeability of the axionormative order in the eyes of children during a pandemic. We focus on the analysis of one act of speech, i.e. the prohibition, because it contains expressis verbis verbalized anti-values, and at the same time presupposed values and social expectations towards a child. Artykuł stanowi próbę analizy recepcji elementów ładu aksjonormatywnego przez dzieci. Na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych wśród dzieci przedszkolnych i wczesnoszkolnych i ich odpowiedzi na pytania: czego nie wolno? oraz: czego nie wolno w czasie pandemii, próbujemy zastanowić się nad trwałością i zmiennością ładu aksjonormatywnego w czasie pandemii w oczach samych dzieci. Skupiamy się na analizie jednego aktu mowy, czyli zakazu, ponieważ zawiera on werbalizowane expressis verbis antywartości, a jednocześnie presuponowane wartości oraz oczekiwania społeczne wobec dziecka.

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