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This article examines the process of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage as a factor for sustainable development. It traces and highlights the synergies between intangible cultural heritage and sustainable development. At the same time the author explores the interconnections between the different domains of intangible cultural heritage and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, through the normative documents of the leading international organisations in the field.
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As UNESCO’s Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage turns twenty, the article focuses on its primary aim of safeguarding people’s living cultural traditions, practices, and expressions at the local level. Safeguarding measures are promoted throughout the Convention and related texts, but it is arguably the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices through which actual approaches are presented as being put to the test. The article uses the Register as a launchpad for examining community-based approaches to safeguarding ICH, and distilling “good” considerations for building ethical and equitable collaborations – from the first steps of initiatives to over the long term.
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This article reviews two co-existing and mutually conflicting concepts in Bulgaria: the one of folklore and the policies of its conservation in the course of the 20th century, and the one of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and the efforts for safeguarding it following the adoption, in 2003, of the relevant UNESCO Convention. A comparison is made between the folklore festivals, characteristic of the second half of the 20th century, and the Living Human Treasures Bulgaria National System, created in 2008 as one of the fundamental cultural policies of the Republic of Bulgaria in this sphere, which has resulted in the compiling of the National Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Based on observations made during several of its consecutive iterations conducted so far, the article seeks to outline important aspects and issues of the rationalization of ICH and its safeguarding at the present moment. The author draws on her experience as a member of the team of scholars at the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IEFSEM – BAS), which has been participating actively at expert level in the implementation of the 2003 Convention in Bulgaria.
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The 2003 Convention and Its Implementation in Bulgaria
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The 2003 Convention and Its Implementation in Bulgaria
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The 2003 Convention and Its Implementation in Bulgaria
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The 2003 Convention and Its Implementation in Bulgaria
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Artanuji, the oldest city of Klarjeti, historical Georgia, is within the boundaries of Turkey on the grounds of Kars Treaty (1921). According to the data, gathered through the fieldwork in 2010‒2014, ethnic Georgians were exiled from Artanuji after the World War II. The article deals with the written sources and field data, providing detailed information about the Artanuji population, ethnic Christian Georgians as well as Muslim Georgians. The historical past in this region reminds of itself through the toponyms that appeared in the places of historical Georgia and through the speech of population and covers the history of the ethnic groups. The toponyms attested on the territory of historical Georgia have a great importance for they shed light on a certain period of history and are the only witnesses of Georgian settlement here.
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Georgian everyday life is highly tied up with the rich religious traditions that have been developed as a result of the centuries-long synthesis of pre-Christian and Christian practices and worldviews. The Soviet period caused the fragmentation of the traditional religious knowledge and the practice moved to the household level and was paganized. In the post-Soviet period, the burst of religious sentiments and search for identity increased the involvement of big masses to religious practices. The transformations were accompanied by a process of individualization of religion, which has led to a change of forms of religiosity. Based on the ethnographic data of East Georgia, the article discusses the correlation of the normative, vernacular and resistant forms of religiosity. Historical-comparative and parallel analyses are used to research two examples of religious practice: Lomisoba and Berikaoba. Lomisoba is analyzed as an example of hybrid, massive, collective holiday. Berikaoba is more local, not connected to a sacred site, performative festival. It is argued that the contemporary processes are having an impact on the religiosity and the religiosity of certain groups is trying to be defined in new forms. All the old and new forms of religiosity are explicitly displayed and played out in contemporary Georgia. At the same time there are some hidden, or rather implicit practices.
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The article examines, from a historical and contemporary perspective, the processes of valorizing diaspora gardening as local heritage in two significant "gardener villages": Polikraishte and Draganovo (within the municipality of Gorna Oryahovitsa). Based on field studies conducted in Bulgaria and Hungary, the research describes journeys to and from ancestral places, emphasizing their significance and functions in constructing local heritage. The text explores interpretations of diaspora gardening within the settlement's history. In the study, the valorization of gardening as local heritage in Bulgaria is considered a means of establishing connections between the two countries and an integral part of constructing the cultural memory and identity of the Bulgarian community in Hungary.
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The purpose of the research is to outline the specifics of Bulgarian gardeners and Bulgarian horticulture in Budapest in the first quarter of the 21 century by means of two examples.Methods of observation, biographical approach, and free and semi-structured interviews are applied. The relationship between Bulgarian horticulture and cultural heritage is analyzed.The study is the result of the author’s participation in a project “Migrations. Modernities, and Intercultural Mediation – Bulgarian Immigrant Groups to Hungary in late 19th and early 20th c. and their Impact on the Social and Cultural Life of the Host Society”.
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Book reviewCultural Heritage and Institutionalization of Bulgarian Historical and Contemporary Migrant Communities beyond Europe [In Bulgarian]. Authors: Vladimir Penchev, Aneliya Avdjieva Mariyanka Borisova, Valentin Voskresenski, Nikolai Vukov, Lina Gergova, Yana Gergova, Boyan Kulov, Tanya Matanova, Shteryo Shterev. Editors: Vladimir Penchev, Tanya Matanova, Aneliya Avdjieva. Sofia: Paradigma, 2023
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Le présent article s’inscrit dans la continuité de celui qui a été publié en 2023 dans la même revue (The Manufactory of Old French Psalters: Part 1…). Ce deuxième volet comprend d’abord une section de addenda qui complètent certaines parties du précèdent article. S’ajoutent ensuite les érasures dans diverses formes verbales, suivies par un recensement des corrections liées aux préfixes ex– et es–. D’autres séries d’érasures concernent différentes parties du discours: articles définis; pronoms personnels; pronoms réflexifs; formes possessives; démonstratifs; avec une étude de cas sur les choix de traduction du génitif eius, dont plusieurs documentent l’existence d’un antigraphe. Il s’agit souvent d’une hésitation entre les formes faibles et fortes. Des sections com-plémentaires sont consacrées aux érasures des pronoms relatifs et de la conjonction que; à l’adjectif pronominal toz / tuit; aux prépositions; à la conjonction é; aux signes de ponctuation; et aux particules négatives. L’ana-lyse des érasures du manuscrit d’Oxford, Bibliothèque bodléienne, Douce 320 se termine par un examen détaillé des corrections liées à différents phénomènes lexicaux. L’article porte ensuite sur les rapports entre le manuscrit Douce et les fragments de Maidstone, dont la transcription a été publiée dans le premier volet. Suivent une transcrip-tion des fragments de l’Orne (Paris, Archives Nationales, dossier AB xix 1734) et une étude sur l’origine de ces derniers et sur leurs liens avec le texte de Douce. Les choix de traduction pour le latin numquid documentent les liens entre Douce, Arundel (Londres, Bibliothèque britannique, Arundel 230) et Orne. Les choix de traduction du latin exaltare permettent en partie de restituer le texte latin de la source de Douce. Les différentes stratégies de traduction d’Orne, de Douce et d’Arundel semblent être des réécritures d’antigraphes similaires. Toutes ces ana-lyses montrent que Douce, Arundel, Orne et Maidstone proviennent de deux ou plusieurs gloses vernaculaires apparentées. L’article propose ensuite une perspective globale sur les approches vernaculaires de la traduction des psaumes en Angleterre jusqu’au xiiie siècle, qui documente l’interaction des langues vernaculaires anglaises et françaises avec les textes (et l’exégèse) latins. Il se termine par une discussion (appuyée sur deux exemples du xiie siècle) concernant le double pliage du Douce, lié sans doute à sa circulation et à son emploi dans la réalisation des psautiers bilingues à deux colonnes. Le troisième volet du présent article est prévu pour 2025. Il comprendra la transcription du texte de Douce (avec l’accentuation originale et l’emplacement des érasures), ainsi que plusieurs études complémentaires.
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The article aims at presenting the activities of the people of the municipality of Garmen, Southwest Bulgaria, related to the socialization of tangible immovable religious heritage of local importance and their vision for changing it into a tourist product. There is no specialized local policy regarding cultural heritage, but voluntary initiatives to restore Orthodox sites and the spaces around them involve people of different faiths. As a result of their civic activism, a collective sense of attachment to heritage is strengthened, which in turn becomes an important element of their regional identity. The results of an ethnological study conducted in April–May 2022 in the villages of Garmen, Dabnitsa and Skrebatno are presented. The data were collected through open-ended interviews with representatives of the municipality of Garmen and people who live near the cultural values and are committed to the cause of their restoration and socialization.
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